• They provide additional advantages of promoting effective pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules or to protect the plants from the biotic and abiotic stresses [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Derived from CAB Abstracts , the applied life sciences database, coverage includes seed physiology, seed germination and dormancy, embryology and seed development, seed technology, seed production, seed composition, seed ecology and the seed industry. (cabi.org)
  • Both agronomic and physiological aspects of seed germination and dormancy are covered. (cabi.org)
  • The results of their experiments showed that the seeds were able to survive passage through the gut of all the animals studied, with excretion and germination rates highest for mummichogs and northern puffers, moderate for pinfish and diamondback terrapins, and lowest for scaup. (vims.edu)
  • Analyses showed that digested seeds remained viable and were deposited in environments suitable for germination, but feces were not a suitable seed bed for seedling emergence. (unr.edu)
  • In chapter 2, I examined the effects of water availability and salinity on seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling survival using a series of controlled laboratory and field experiments to identify the fundamental niches of three dominant tree species. (unr.edu)
  • 2017 ). Consequently, lower proportion of seedlings survives due to a high proportion of rodent excision in the stage of seed germination, which has been reported in many species such as oaks ( Quercus variabilis , Q. rubra , Q. palustris) and black spruce (Côté et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The nature of germination varies in different seeds. (atikaschool.org)
  • During the germination of a bean seed, the radicle grows out through the micropyle. (atikaschool.org)
  • The main growth and development phase in plants begins with the germination of the mature seed. (atikaschool.org)
  • In natural conditions biotic and abiotic factors interact, synergistically affecting seed germination. (scielo.org)
  • In this study, we experimentally simulated natural conditions that occur during seed dispersal that can affect the germination of Copaifera langsdorffii. (scielo.org)
  • Treatments that simulated dispersal (Acid, Aril removal) did not differ in germination percentage, with about 50% of the seeds germinating, however, the acid treatment accelerated seed germination. (scielo.org)
  • Fire also had a positive effect on seed germination with about 80% of the seeds germinating. (scielo.org)
  • Therefore, biological dispersal is critical to the stability of ecosystems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding how seagrass seeds are dispersed is important for guiding efforts to restore seagrass meadows in Chesapeake Bay and other coastal ecosystems , and for informing the models that are used to guide seagrass management plans and restoration efforts. (vims.edu)
  • Third, how do both higher and lower trophic levels respond to changes in abiotic conditions in ecosystems, and how does their interaction change? (caspervanleeuwen.info)
  • Examples of research topics embedded in my research are the dispersal of plant seeds and aquatic invertebrates by larger animals and water flows, aquatic food web restoration via engineering approaches, the impact of hydropower dams on fish communities, restoration of fen ecosystems in relation to nutrients, impact of temperature rise on plant-animal interactions, and range expansions of invasive species. (caspervanleeuwen.info)
  • Abstract Background Freshwater fish communities typically thrive in heterogenous ecosystems that offer various abiotic conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • In general there are two basic types of dispersal: Density-independent dispersal Organisms have evolved adaptations for dispersal that take advantage of various forms of kinetic energy occurring naturally in the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is referred to as density independent or passive dispersal and operates on many groups of organisms (some invertebrates, fish, insects and sessile organisms such as plants) that depend on animal vectors, wind, gravity or current for dispersal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dispersal of organisms is a critical process for understanding both geographic isolation in evolution through gene flow and the broad patterns of current geographic distributions (biogeography). (wikipedia.org)
  • The two layers protect the seed bacteria, fungi and other organisms which may damage it. (atikaschool.org)
  • There is a continuous interaction between and among the biotic organisms and their interaction with abiotic interaction. (forestrybloq.com)
  • Source limitation increased the proportion of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation, and made the granivores-Korean pine interaction shift more towards antagonism, with the estimated SDE of 2.31 and 3.60, respectively, for the secondary forests without and with Korean pine. (springeropen.com)
  • granivores occurrence decreased, but the proportion of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation increased, resulting in a fivefold decreased seedling recruitment in 25% thinning (the lowest SDE of 0.26). (springeropen.com)
  • 2020 ). Furthermore, fewer deposited seeds escape consumption and survive in the winter safely (particularly for dormant seeds) due to high proportion of post-dispersal seed predation (Maron et al. (springeropen.com)
  • I also examined how spatiotemporal dynamics of the main clover seed pests affected seed yields through seed predation. (lu.se)
  • Dispersal is also used to describe the movement of propagules such as seeds and spores. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, climate change-induced range expansion of treeline populations depends on successful recruitment, which requires dispersal of viable seeds followed by successful establishment of individual propagules. (wsl.ch)
  • Types and mechanisms of seed dormancy, and internal and external factors regulating dormancy are included, as is dormancy breaking occurring naturally and as affected by seed treatments. (cabi.org)
  • Density-dependent dispersal Density dependent or active dispersal for many animals largely depends on factors such as local population size, resource competition, habitat quality, and habitat size. (wikipedia.org)
  • This project is part of the research initiative G-TREE that studies the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the emergence and survival of tree seedlings at Arctic and alpine locations worldwide, allowing for a better understanding of treeline shifts in the face of climate change. (wsl.ch)
  • Other factors such as seed source and herbivory also influenced early recruitment success. (wsl.ch)
  • Wind and water pollination both are the abiotic factors of the pollination. (saralstudy.com)
  • Physiological tolerances to these abiotic factors were lowest during early seedling survival, suggesting another demographic bottleneck. (unr.edu)
  • Specifically, we compared regeneration density, height, and canopy cover in patch edge and core areas and used generalized linear models to investigate the abiotic and biotic factors that contribute to ponderosa pine seedling establishment and density. (springeropen.com)
  • Phenologists attempt to learn more about the abiotic factors that plants and animals respond to. (polarpedia.eu)
  • The authors first determined the main abiotic (temperature, elevation and latitude) and biotic (phylogenetic signals and differences between tribes) factors in diaspora traits among Compositae in the Andes. (weadapt.org)
  • The main aim of this research focus is to investigate both biotic and abiotic factors contributing to the development and spread of viral disease epidemics in Europe, with a particular concentration on how future climatic conditions would affect the introduction and spread of viral diseases. (virtigation.eu)
  • The Natural Research Institute within the University of Greenwich is leading the efforts of this research focus, benefitting from its longstanding expertise in understanding virus-vector transmission relationships and the influence of both biotic and abiotic factors in the development and spread of emerging viral diseases in plants. (virtigation.eu)
  • State two abiotic factors that may trigger flowering. (biologyforlife.com)
  • A hypothesis was provided that environmental factors and botanical traits that favor greater water availability lead to emergence (or speciation) of species with large seeds or fleshy fruits with high water content. (copernicus.org)
  • The ecosystem services are the processes that the environment produces resources benefit the humans from the ecosystem that the combination of an area's abiotic factors such as air, water, soil, rocks, temperature and biotic factors which are everything living (ESE,2000). (nursingpaper.org)
  • My research interests include biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, investigating the mechanisms that mediate multitrophic interactions among insects, plants and associated biotic and abiotic factors. (lu.se)
  • And I investigated the interactions between pests and natural enemies under different management and landscape regimes, in order to elucidate which of these factors may contribute to functioning natural control in white clover seed production. (lu.se)
  • In this work we investigate (i) the seed dispersal pattern and (ii) the effect of tree canopy and the presence of leaf litter on seed survival, both in rocky mounds and plains. (copernicus.org)
  • Seed Abstracts brings you the latest information on seed science, covering all aspects of research on both wild and cultivated plants. (cabi.org)
  • While plant-plant interactions and interactions between plants and abiotic environment occur, a focus here is on plant-animal interactions and plant-mircoorganism interactions, such as adaptations for flower pollination, seed dispersal, defense against herbivores, parasitism, exploitation of animals as food sources, or protection of the plant by animals from herbivores. (uni-rostock.de)
  • Seed dispersal by animals tends to increase plants regeneration through the deposition of the seeds in particular sites with high probability of survival (Wenny, 2001). (copernicus.org)
  • This is because animal seed dispersers carry the seeds away from parent plants, decreasing the probability of seed mortality associated with host-specific parasites and predators (i.e., escape hypothesis) (Janzen, 1970). (copernicus.org)
  • The phenomenon of Seed Dispersal helps in reproduction in plants. (animatedscience.co.uk)
  • A group of 29 researchers associated with the Network, lead by Carolina Tovar (Royal Botanical Garden, Kew), has published a study that analyzes how the most common plants of the páramos and punas manage to overcome geographical barriers to disperse their seeds. (weadapt.org)
  • Dispersal investment is related to the distances that plants can propagate their seeds, and is therefore a key element in maintaining species populations. (weadapt.org)
  • But these barriers are not permanent over time, and it is possible that climate change affects them, so it is key to know the different strategies that Andean plants have to overcome them and disperse their seeds. (weadapt.org)
  • Diaspore trait data for 125 species of plants of the Compositae group on 47 high Andean tropical summits was collected, focusing on characteristics that are known to be an indicator of dispersal investment. (weadapt.org)
  • Reproduction in flowering plants is influenced by the biotic and abiotic environments. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Plants make seeds that can grow into new plants, but if the seeds just fall to the ground under the parent plant, they might not get enough sun, water, or nutrients from the soil. (forestrybloq.com)
  • Seed traits have great impact on plants' competitive ability, fitness, fecundity and reproduction. (copernicus.org)
  • It will also increase understanding of how viruses evolve to "jump host" from one plant species to another (e.g. from tomatoes to cucurbits in the case of ToLCNDV in Europe), and how the transmission of viruses via seeds spreads them across international borders. (virtigation.eu)
  • 1. Co-occurring and simultaneously fruiting plant species may either compete for dispersal by shared frugivores, or enhance each other's dispersal through joint attraction of frugivores. (researchgate.net)
  • Waterbirds disperse plant species via ingestion and egestion of seeds (endozoochory). (researchgate.net)
  • In the G-TREE project we disentangle various biotic (e.g. seed source, competition) and abiotic (e.g. elevation, soil substrate, weather) effects on early tree seedling recruitment at treeline, which will provide better insights into where, and under what circumstances, treeline expansion can occur. (wsl.ch)
  • In-vivo production of these metabolites is influenced by the biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in continuous accumulation of diverse phytochemicals and their derivatives that can be useful in designing and developing potential drugs for future. (springeropen.com)
  • Additionally, every second experimental plot was covered by a metal cage immediately after seed addition to exclude herbivores. (wsl.ch)
  • Tanks Sarah Sumoski used these tanks to study ingestion and egestion of eelgrass seeds by the mud minnow or mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. (vims.edu)
  • The field data demonstrating terrapins as seed dispersers were derived from an ongoing study by VIMS graduate student Diane Tulipani, which includes the first field evidence of terrapins incidentally ingesting eelgrass seeds when feeding on eelgrass epifauna in the York River. (vims.edu)
  • Therefore, it is hypothesized that extinct Pleistocene megafauna were the legitimate dispersers of their seeds (Hoffman et al. (copernicus.org)
  • During this time the seed performs all its life (physiological) processes very slowly and uses up little food. (atikaschool.org)
  • The study-the first to show that marine animals can disperse eelgrass seeds-appears as the featured article for the December 19th issue of Marine Ecology Progress Series . (vims.edu)
  • We estimate that the fishes could disperse eelgrass seeds 10s to 100s of meters, while the maximum dispersal distance for terrapins is around 1,500 meters, or about a mile," says Sumoski. (vims.edu)
  • Due to population density, dispersal may relieve pressure for resources in an ecosystem, and competition for these resources may be a selection factor for dispersal mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regeneration density varied among fires but analysis of regeneration in aggregated edge and core plots showed that abundance of seed availability was not the sole factor that limited ponderosa pine regeneration, probably because of surviving tree refugia within high-severity burn patches. (springeropen.com)
  • Sarah Sumoski, a recent graduate of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, has now published a study of seed dispersal in a less-familiar environment-the eelgrass beds of Chesapeake Bay. (vims.edu)
  • We conducted a whole-year study of seed addition to quantify the granivores-Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) synzoochorous interactions and the SDE in the same secondary forests with two treatments. (springeropen.com)
  • Subsequently, seeds with a low- or a high-elevation origin (provenance) of the two subalpine tree species Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) and European larch ( Larix decidua ) were sown on half of the experimental plots, whereas no seeds were added to the remaining control plots. (wsl.ch)
  • Seed dispersal represents the starting point in the process of population recruitment (Harper, 1977). (copernicus.org)
  • The lack of seed dispersal can lead to reduction of seedling recruitment and finally lead to local plant extinction (Wang and Smith, 2002). (copernicus.org)
  • Granivore-mediated seed dispersal is susceptible to changes in seed availability and silvicultural management, which alters synzoochorous interactions in the antagonism-mutualism continuum and affects the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE), and eventually, the plant recruitment. (springeropen.com)
  • Together, synzoochorous interactions and environmental conditions determine the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE), and eventually, affect the plant recruitment in the landscape (Schupp et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Through simply moving from one habitat patch to another, the dispersal of an individual has consequences not only for individual fitness, but also for population dynamics, population genetics, and species distribution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results also suggest that investment in diaspore dispersal is likely to shape species distribution patterns in naturally fragmented habitats. (weadapt.org)
  • In my PhD project I explored the role of pollinators on seed set in clover seed production, and how pollinator abundance and species richness in turn were affected by local management and landscape composition. (lu.se)
  • A novel mechanistic framework and mathematical model are provided to expound seed variation among species or biomes. (copernicus.org)
  • Diaspora traits show significant phylogenetic signal, with greater dispersal reversal observed in Gnaphalieae, Astereae, and Senecioneae, which together represent 72% of the species. (weadapt.org)
  • The seeding properties of a species are defined by a "seed kernel" that defines the probability of seed availability as a function of the distance to the kernel center (the tree). (iland-model.org)
  • Seeds reniform (= kidney-shaped) to globular, dark brown when ripe, and verruculose (= minutely verrucose, i.e. bearing wart-like projections on the surface). (nparks.gov.sg)
  • If the scale and questions of the study are ripe for taking advantage of drone technology, then "using a broad range of imaging technologies and analysis methods will improve our ability to detect, discriminate, and quantify different features of the biotic and abiotic environment. (selasoftware.com)
  • Risks include increased injury and mortality during dispersal and the possibility of settling in an unfavorable environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tree and shrub disease can be caused by either physical and environmental conditions (abiotic) or pathogens like fungi and bacteria (biotic). (naturaltree.com)
  • Seed survival under the canopy without leaf litter was very low and even zero in rocky mounds. (copernicus.org)
  • Nevertheless, the presence of leaf litter covering the seeds increased survival in both habitats. (copernicus.org)
  • Sotes, G. J., Bustamante, R. O., and Henríquez, C. A.: Leaf litter is essential for seed survival of the endemic endangered tree Pouteria splendens (Sapotaceae) from central Chile, Web Ecol. (copernicus.org)
  • Due to greater water availability and increasing leaf area, much more photosynthate (photosynthesis production) and allometric growth then ultimately increase the biome average seed mass from west to east. (copernicus.org)
  • Both treatments had seed source limitations: one was caused by the disappearance of Korean pine due to the historical disturbance, the other by pinecone harvesting in Korean pine plantations adjacent to the secondary forests. (springeropen.com)
  • We estimated the aboveground biomass (AGB) of each area and the proportion of it that was associated to tree species dispersed by biotic and abiotic seed dispersal, and how this proportion varied across major biophysical gradients. (atbc2022.org)
  • However, our understanding about the regulating effects of seed traits, underlying mechanisms and possible (co)evolutionary processes is limited by our traditional reliance on data from feeding experiments with living waterbirds. (researchgate.net)
  • Seeds are of two kinds depending on the number of cotyledons or embryo leaves. (atikaschool.org)
  • The embryo of a dry, fully developed seed usually passes through a period of rest after ripening period. (atikaschool.org)
  • Sumoski and Orth conducted the study through 3 years of painstaking laboratory experiments in which they fed 1,707 eelgrass seeds to animals often found in and around eelgrass beds-3 fish species (northern puffers, pinfish, and mud minnows or mummichogs), diamondback terrapins , and a seabird, the lesser scaup. (vims.edu)
  • Sumoski then retrieved seeds-each smaller than a rice grain-from the animals' feces, noted their condition, and planted intact seeds in experimental tanks containing sediments and water from the York River near VIMS' riverside campus in Gloucester Point, Virginia. (vims.edu)
  • They also calculated how far the animals might be able to carry the seeds, by measuring how long it took the seeds to pass through the gut of each species, and multiplying those values by reported swimming or flying speeds for each creature. (vims.edu)
  • 2019 ). These granivorous animals often play a dual role, simultaneously as an effective seed disperser and as a seed predator, which is defined as synzoochory (Zong et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Understanding dispersal and the consequences both for evolutionary strategies at a species level, and for processes at an ecosystem level, requires understanding on the type of dispersal, the dispersal range of a given species, and the dispersal mechanisms involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consider the impact on the natural range and variation of abiotic ecosystem processes and system-wide parameters in ways that significantly diminish the ability of native species to survive and reproduce. (cal-ipc.org)
  • In the Chilean Matorral of central Chile, several woody endemic species present fleshy fruits with a diameter larger than 15 mm that apparently are not associated with an animal seed disperser at the present (Hoffman et al. (copernicus.org)
  • Dispersal can be distinguished from animal migration (typically round-trip seasonal movement), although within the population genetics literature, the terms 'migration' and 'dispersal' are often used interchangeably. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared to the adjacent vegetation types, the mounds were floristically distinct and functionally more balanced in growth forms, dispersal syndrome, and tolerance to waterlogging. (scielo.br)
  • There are a number of benefits to dispersal such as locating new resources, escaping unfavorable conditions, avoiding competing with siblings, and avoiding breeding with closely related individuals which could lead to inbreeding depression. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found there are significantly declining trends for mean seed mass, vertebrate-dispersed species richness and fleshy-fruited species richness along a longitudinal gradient from forests to desert grasslands. (copernicus.org)
  • Surprisingly, the proportion of germinating spruce and larch seedlings was even highest at the uppermost site, but only when seeds were added. (wsl.ch)
  • 2016 ). As seed predators, they frequently consume a proportion of either pre-dispersed seeds (Nuñez et al. (springeropen.com)
  • However, we also found the lowest average seed mass and the smallest proportion of species dispersed by vertebrates occurring at typical grasslands in the five biomes. (copernicus.org)
  • In fact, we think the distance a seed travels via biotic dispersal may rival or exceed the distances recorded from abiotic mechanisms. (vims.edu)
  • Seasonal and climatic changes are some of the non-living, or abiotic , components of the environment that impact the living, or biotic components. (polarpedia.eu)
  • Being a relatively stable biological trait, seed mass is controlled by an appointed gene (Adamskia et al. (copernicus.org)
  • For those species depending on synzoochorous interactions, seed availability limitation may trigger a series of cascading effects. (springeropen.com)
  • Biotic-dispersed trees constituted most of the AGB of forests undergoing restoration, which highlight the importance of reestablishing seed dispersal networks for effective and resilient recovery of carbon stocks through restoration. (atbc2022.org)
  • Finally dispersal can also lead to outbreeding depression if an individual is better adapted to its natal environment than the one it ends up in. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cumulative effects of the abiotic and biotic environment on plant distributions are inherently complex due to spatio-temporal variation. (unr.edu)
  • All together, this research illustrates the spatial and temporal complexity inherent in plant-environment interactions depending on species, ontogenetic stage, and the abiotic and biotic environment. (unr.edu)
  • Dispersal range" refers to the distance a species can move from an existing population or the parent organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study aims to explore seed mass variation patterns of different biome types along a longitudinal gradient and their underlying variation mechanisms by involving an in-depth analysis on the variation of seed mass, fruit type spectra, growth forms and dispersal mode spectra in Inner Mongolia and northeastern China. (copernicus.org)