Ability to differentiate cells that form mammalian embryonic. Medical search. Frequent questions

They do not have brain cells or any of the tissues needed for implantation in the womb. (scitechdaily.com)
Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
However, not all tissues possess the ability to regenerate. (thefutureofthings.com)
If Extramacrochaetae par-ticipates in cell specification by dimerizing with basic-region-helix-loop-helix proteins, the variety of defects and tissues affected by the insufficiency of extramacrochaetae suggests that helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in many embryonic developmental processes. (biologists.com)
Stem cells reside within most tissues throughout the lifetimes of mammalian organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Occurs by the proliferation of new cells or tissues from the surface of wounds or cut parts. (pw.live)
The trophectoderm is responsible for forming the placenta, the primitive endoderm leads to the yolk sac, and the epiblast gives rise to all remaining embryonic tissues. (nih.gov)
He predicted that cancers occur upon activation of dormant embryonic-like cancerous cells present in mature tissues but not spontaneously [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs make the different specialized cells found in the skeletal tissues. (tomeipowered.com)
The fate of TS cells is strikingly in contrast to that of embryonic stem cells, which never contribute to these tissues. (elsevierpure.com)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
Very early during mammalian development the embryo differentiates into 2 main cell lineages, the inner cell mass (ICM) which will mainly contribute to embryonic tissues, and the trophoblast which will form extra-embryonic tissues. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
In this mini-review, we aim to present and critically analyse the different in vitro models that have been proposed as an alternative to in vivo and ex vivo studies to elucidate the ability of different xenobiotics to interfere with fetal development by direct (transplacental crossing and accumulation in embryonic tissues) or indirect action (e.g., inflammation, perturbation of placental function). (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)

In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
We show that oMAP4 is expressed upon muscle cell differentiation and is the only MAP4 isoform essential for normal progression of the myogenic differentiation programme. (elifesciences.org)
Upon differentiation, mono-nucleated myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle and fuse to form syncytial myotubes ( Wakelam, 1985 ). (elifesciences.org)
Abnormal migration, proliferation, differentiation, or survival of these cells contribute to diseases of the anterior segment such as corneal dystrophy, lens cataract, and glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
Cellular differentiation begins with the fertilized egg which serves as the identifying characteristic of an embryonic stem cell. (jcpa.org)
Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability to understand and regulate human vasculature development and differentiation has the potential to benefit patients suffering from a variety of ailments, including cardiovascular disease, peripheral. (biomedcentral.com)
The restoration takes place primarily by initiating the morphogenetic processes i.e. multiplication and differentiation of cells. (pw.live)
Our lab is interested in understanding cell-lineage differentiation, gene regulation, and how non-coding DNA elements and the 3D architecture of chromosomes contribute to these processes during development and disease. (nih.gov)
In mammals, the result is the formation of the blastocyst, a structure that contains three different cell types, each with a defined differentiation potential. (nih.gov)
Activation of PDGFRα in response to epithelial cell-secreted PDGF-A is crucial for the proliferation, differentiation and migration of MYFs [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)

Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Vasculogenesis is the coalescence of new blood vessels from individual endothelial cells or progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
These cells were therefore described as bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). (hindawi.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

Multi-axial self-organization properties of mouse embryonic stem cells into gastruloids. (upf.edu)
During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
The stem cell population of the trophectoderm lineage can be isolated and maintained in vitro in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 4, heparin, and a feeder layer of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. (elsevierpure.com)

We are also interested in early mammalian development as a system in which decipher how cells make lineage decisions and how gene-regulatory networks are established. (nih.gov)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Despite this difference in the cell cycle when compared to ESCs grown in media containing serum these cells have similar pluripotent characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotent stem cells have shown promise in treating a number of varying conditions, including but not limited to: spinal cord injuries, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease), AIDS, etc. (wikipedia.org)
Models of human development Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs: ESCs and iPSCs) create opportunities to address the ethical and technical constraints associated with the use of human embryos. (upf.edu)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
In pluripotent and differentiated cells HP1β is differentially localized and differentially associated with chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells are considered pluripotent . (thefutureofthings.com)
Growing evidence supports the contention that epithelial cancers including colorectal cancer, the incidence of which increases with aging, are diseases driven by the pluripotent, self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Rapid cell division allows the cells to quickly grow in number, but not size, which is important for early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
One population was a group of normal, functioning germ cells, the other group did not divide and they did not migrate to the correct parts of the embryo. (asu.edu)
She wanted to apply this technique to the t 12 mutation, which is characterized by a developmental arrest at the morula stage, when the embryo is composed of approximately thirty-two cells. (asu.edu)
Some embryos did not efficiently fuse and the embryo segregated itself between mutant and normal cells. (asu.edu)
Each mosaic embryo produced a different pattern of growth, but all the mutant cells began to grow larger in relation to the normal cells due to a reduction in the rate of cell division. (asu.edu)
The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
Green is posterior part similar to tail-end of an embryo, magenta is anterior part similar to developing heart cells, grey marks DNA. (scitechdaily.com)
During gastrulation, three distinct layers of cells are formed in the embryo that will later give rise to all the body's major systems: the ectoderm will make the nervous system, mesoderm the muscles, and endoderm the gut. (scitechdaily.com)
This limit was set to fall at the stage where the embryo can no longer form a twin. (scitechdaily.com)
Gastruloids do not have the potential to develop into a fully-formed embryo. (scitechdaily.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
Established by George Todaro and Howard Green in 1962 from disaggregated Swiss mouse ( Mus musculus ) embryo tissue, the 3T3 cell line is a standard fibroblast cell line used in a wide spectrum of research and industrial biomedical applications. (fsu.edu)
Swiss Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Alexa Fluor 488, and DAPI - A log phase culture of embryonic Swiss mouse fibroblast cells was stained with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin, and DAPI, which target the intracellular mitochondrial network, cytoskeletal actin filaments, and nuclei, respectively. (fsu.edu)
Visualizing Structural Features of the Golgi Complex and Nucleus in Swiss Mouse Embryo Cells - In order to examine structural features of the Golgi complex and nucleus at relatively high magnification, a log-phase culture of 3T3 cells was fixed, permeabilized, blocked with normal goat serum, and then treated with rabbit anti-giantin (Golgi protein) primary antibodies followed by goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (IgG) conjugated to Alexa Fluor 568. (fsu.edu)
Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells with Texas Red-X, Alexa Fluor 488, and DAPI - In this section, a Swiss mouse embryo fibroblast cell is presented that was resident in a culture labeled with the fluorophore Texas Red-X conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin, a fluorescent lectin that selectively binds to sialic acid residues. (fsu.edu)
Both Lillie and Just used Echinarachnius parma for their studies of egg cell membranes and embryo development at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in the early 1900s. (asu.edu)
Created by Lewis Wolpert in the late 1960s, the model uses the French tricolor flag as visual representation to explain how embryonic cells can interpret genetic code to create the same pattern even when certain pieces of the embryo are removed. (asu.edu)
We believe that the early mouse embryo is an ideal model system in which to determine how nuclear architecture is regulated in the context of an organism and how it impacts cell behavior and identity. (nih.gov)

The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. (mdpi.com)
Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this regard, tissue engineers have sought to leverage native mechanotransduction pathways to enhance in vitro stem cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue engineering has developed many paradigms and techniques on how to best integrate cells and extracellular matrix to create in vitro structures that replicate native tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
As a result of over five decades of investigation, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a versatile and frequently utilized cell source in the fields of … MSC have been shown to differ-entiate in vitro into adipocytes, chon-drocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes, and ß-pancreatic islets cells. (tomeipowered.com)
The term 'mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) is most commonly used to describe multipotent self-renewing cells that can be differentiated in vitro to generate adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. (tomeipowered.com)
These apparently immortal stem cells in culture are termed trophoblast stem (TS) cells, and exhibit the potential to differentiate into multiple trophoblastic cell types in vitro, as well as in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
The host gene of circRNA B4GALNT1, also an NF-κB pathway-dependent gene, circularizes to form circRNA_0002047, which sponges miR-1931 to maintain NF-κB pathway activation and MMP secretion in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro experimental models to study the efficiency of the placental barrier for environmental toxicants: tumor cell lines versus trophoblast primary cells. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Several trophoblast cell lines have been developed for in vitro studies of trophoblast physiology and in the following paragraphs we will give a brief overview on the cells have been used to develop in vitro models of the placental barrier. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Several trophoblast cell lines have been developed and used to reproduce in vitro the trophoblast layer of the placenta. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
In vitro experiments using NV virus-like particles (VLPs) directly showed NV VLP attachment to HBGA, resulting in VLP internalization into the cell ( 19 ). (cdc.gov)
From these critical studies, putative NV receptors were identified, and thus it was hypothesized that a successful in vitro cell culture system would most likely possess these receptors to support NV replication. (cdc.gov)
We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isolating the inner cell mass (embryoblast) using immunosurgery results in destruction of the blastocyst, a process which raises ethical issues, including whether or not embryos at the pre-implantation stage have the same moral considerations as embryos in the post-implantation stage of development. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Our group is interested in how cells build embryos. (upf.edu)
Mintz performed these fusions at different intervals in development and discovered that the embryos could form chimeras if they were fused at any point until the morula stage. (asu.edu)
However, these models may behave differently from human embryos when the cells start to differentiate. (scitechdaily.com)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)

When provided with the appropriate signals, ESCs initially form precursor cells that in subsequently differentiate into the desired cell types. (wikipedia.org)
ESCs divide very frequently due to a shortened G1 phase in their cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
We approach this question by asking cells, specifically Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) how much can they do on their own. (upf.edu)
We work with mammalian ESCs because over the last decade advances in our ability to grow them and differentiate them in dishes and wells have opened up exciting experimental possibilities that we are exploiting. (upf.edu)
A few years ago, we saw that under defined culture conditions mouse ESCs could be coaxed into 3D aggregates that would form structures with a good representation of the vertebrate body plan. (upf.edu)
The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)

So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
An article collection in Stem Cell Research & Therapy . (biomedcentral.com)

According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)

In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

These mesenchymal cells differentiate into the corneal endoderm, structures at the iridocorneal angle, and iris and ciliary body stroma. (biomedcentral.com)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
The development of the rodent lung starts from the specification and proliferation of tracheal and lung cell progenitors from the foregut endoderm at embryonic day 9.5. (biomedcentral.com)

It is now known that new blood vessels originate from preexisting vessels by activation, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through a process named "angiogenesis" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The defects suggest faulty specification of different cell types and result in impairment of processes as diverse as cell proliferation and commitment, cell adhesion and cell recognition. (biologists.com)
Cuts and wounds are soon healed up by localized proliferation andmigration of cells. (pw.live)
Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze morphology, proliferation, apoptosis and cell densities from postnatal to adult lungs. (biomedcentral.com)

In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
[ 2 ] It is 2-5 cells thick and covers a layer of undifferentiated, proliferating mesenchymal cells 5-15 cells thick. (medscape.com)
During the fifth week, differentiating mesenchymal cells condense in a proximal-to-distal fashion to form blastemas, which eventually develop into cartilaginous models of, ultimately, the bones of the upper extremity. (medscape.com)
Mesenchymal cells derived from the dermomyotome condense within connective tissue (mesenchymal) scaffolds to form 2 common muscle masses. (medscape.com)
At the crypt base, in the vicinity of basal lamina, stem cells are surrounded by mesenchymal cells that are of myofibroblast lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or stromal stem cells, can differentiate into many different types of … In contrast, treatments that utilize MSCs from a patientâ s fat (adipose) sample have shown weak or unreliable responses. (tomeipowered.com)
Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective. (tomeipowered.com)
In contrast, minimal … Mesenchymal stem cells can home to and survive in an ischemic environment. (tomeipowered.com)
The name mesenchymal stem cells should not be used for anything. (tomeipowered.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an example of tissue or 'adult' stem cells. (tomeipowered.com)
The research report titled Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2020-2025 released by MarketsandResearch.biz covers industry segment by applications, by type, regional outlook, market demand, latest trends, and industry share & revenue by manufacturers, company profiles, and growth forecasts - 2025. (tomeipowered.com)
The original mesengenic process pathway (Figure 1) was hypothesized and fashioned … Two opposing descriptions of so-called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist at this time. (tomeipowered.com)
The problem is what a mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) is isn't always clearly defined, which has led to confusion in the scientific community, as well as public misunderstandings exploited by businesses marketing questionable cell-based treatments, the authors argue. (tomeipowered.com)
Properties of Mesenchymal … We found that … Platelets are known to enhance the wound-healing activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (tomeipowered.com)
Among the cell types that can be used for this purpose, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as promising source of stem cells in personalized cell-based therapies. (tomeipowered.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are emerging as the most promising means of allogeneic cell therapy. (tomeipowered.com)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Instruction Manual Product Description Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), also termed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, are self-renewing multipotent cells that can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. (tomeipowered.com)

Following fertilization and within a few cell divisions, the first cell lineages are established, and different gene-expression programs are put into action. (nih.gov)
At the first cell fate decision in mammalian development, the origins of trophoblast and embryonic cell lineages are established as the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass (ICM) in the blastocyst. (elsevierpure.com)

Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)

The French flag model represents how embryonic cells receive and respond to genetic information and subsequently differentiate into patterns. (asu.edu)
Subsequently, coordinated branching morphogenesis and vascular development result in a tree-like structure of epithelial tubules with differentiated airways and saccules. (biomedcentral.com)
1995) and subsequently in primary cells (Heyworth et al. (lu.se)

however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)

Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
During development, cells from diverse embryonic lineages interact to form the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
Zebrafish represent a powerful model organism for investigating the genetics and cell biology of development and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
The structures of the anterior segment arise from diverse embryonic lineages and there is exquisite coordination among the different compartments during development. (biomedcentral.com)
A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of development of the anterior segment can provide general insights into questions such as tissue induction, cell type fate determination, and the regulation of cellular morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The adult cows with similar antigens were found to have two different populations of red blood cells suggesting that the precursors of the red blood cells, hematopoietic stem cells, were transferred from one twin to the other during development. (asu.edu)
Scientists from the University of Cambridge, in collaboration with the Hubrecht Institute in The Netherlands, have developed a new model to study an early stage of human development using human embryonic stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
By looking at which genes were expressed in these human gastruloids at 72 hours of development, the researchers found a clear signature of the event that gives rise to important body structures such as thoracic muscles, bone, and cartilage, but they do not develop brain cells. (scitechdaily.com)
This is a hugely exciting new model system, which will allow us to reveal and probe the processes of early human embryonic development in the lab for the first time. (scitechdaily.com)
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs at different stages during embryonic development, physiological processes such as wound healing and reproduction, and numerous diseases, including inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Until recently, vasculogenesis was thought to be restricted to the formation of the initial vascular tree during embryonic vascular development. (hindawi.com)
The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
This series covers biophysical regulation of stem cell fate and function in the context of tissue development. (biomedcentral.com)
Invariant left-right (LR) patterning or chirality is critical for embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
It is similar to the process of embryonic development. (pw.live)
We will build on decades of lineage-fate experiments and precisely characterized signaling pathways known to regulate early mouse development to understand the contribution of nuclear organization to gene regulation during these early cell fate decisions. (nih.gov)
We are also interested in understanding not only how DNA organization impacts cell behavior, and ultimately animal development and health, but also the mechanisms through which DNA folding itself is established and regulated, and which proteins are involved in these processes. (nih.gov)
Ultimately, candidates identified this way will be fully characterized in vivo to stringently determine their impact on gene regulation during mammalian development. (nih.gov)
2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development to form air-exchanging units between alveoli and blood vessels. (biomedcentral.com)
Postnatal alveolar development is characterized by the expansion of epithelial cells lining primitive saccules and the formation of secondary septa by alveolar myofibroblasts (MYFs). (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
On the other hand, if germ cells are forced to remain attached to the seminiferous epithelium for a period of time longer than necessary to complete their development, they will degenerate and eventually be phagocytosed by Sertoli cells and for this, proper regulation of germ cell migration in the seminiferous epithelium and at blood-testes barrier (abbreviated as BTB) is essential (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)
Even after multiple passages, TS cells retain the ability to participate in the normal development of chimeras and contribute exclusively to the trophoblastic component of the placenta and of the parietal yolk sac. (elsevierpure.com)
Embryonic diapause (dormancy) is a state of temporary arrest of embryonic development that is triggered by unfavorable conditions and serves as an evolutionary strategy to ensure reproductive survival. (biomedcentral.com)
The lack of an efficient cell culture system in which to study NoV infections has hindered development of antiviral drugs to control or limit NoV outbreaks ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Beatrice Mintz conducted a previous study that examined a reproductive disorder characterized by two distinct populations of germ cells in heterozygous mice. (asu.edu)
Mintz thought there might be a way to use dual populations of cells to study the action of the mutant cells. (asu.edu)
Many of the fusions developed long enough to produce discernible populations of cells. (asu.edu)
According to unitarian theory, proposed in 70s, all four cell lineages within the gastrointestinal epithelium are clonal populations derived from a slowly cycling clonogenic stem cells (SC) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Current knowledge of cellular behavior is mainly acquired by studies concerning homogenous populations of cells cultured as monolayers. (intechopen.com)
However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)
We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)

13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)

Transformed glial cells share the common attributes of the invasion process, including cell adhesion to ECM (Extracellular Matrix) components, cell locomotion, and the ability to remodel extracellular space. (proteinlounge.com)

Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

Synthetic biology goes further than genetic engineering, which usually involves adding a single gene to a cell so that it will do something it wouldn't normally do. (technologyreview.com)
Assembling a given set of genes in novel ways enables synthetic biologists to accomplish highly specific and sophisticated tasks that they wouldn't be able to achieve by modifying cells one gene at a time, a process that doesn't always make it possible to control their function. (technologyreview.com)
We show that, during embryonic devel-opment, the extramacrochaetae gene is expressed in complex patterns that comprise derivatives of the three embryonic layers. (biologists.com)
Eukaryotic cells need to deal with the biophysical constrains of packaging two meters of DNA inside a tiny nucleus (2-10 microns) and retain the ability to access both its coding and non-coding elements to precisely orchestrate gene expression programs. (nih.gov)
As ChIP-seq cannot establish physical co-occurrence of two marks on the same allele, admixture of cells that either express (green) or do not express (red) the gene in focus could explain the occurrence of both marks as well as the low expression level in the overall population. (researchgate.net)
In contrast, in the case of ''true'' bivalency, virtually all cells in the population carry both marks simultaneously at the promoter in question, leading to low, if any, expression for that gene in all cells. (researchgate.net)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

The cells of the ICM are no longer omnipotent, because they no longer share the fate of the trophoblast, and they have committed themselves to an embryonic fate with the ability to become any cell in the body (but not the trophoblast). (thefutureofthings.com)
Our long-term goal is understand how such processes occur in vivo and how their regulation dictates cell identity and cell-fate decisions in mammals. (nih.gov)
Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)

The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the novel cancer stem cell paradigm raises the prospect of cell-targeted therapies instead of treatment directed against the whole tumour. (nature.com)

Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
Much of the current understanding of these processes is derived from analyses of nucleosomal histones that represent the major histone species within cells. (sdbonline.org)
This simplified approach towards understanding the essence of the mechanisms, underlying the processes determining life and death of a cell has undoubtedly provided scientists with enormous amount of knowledge. (intechopen.com)

With establishment of the lens vesicle, head mesoderm and neural crest cells migrate into a periocular location and eventually move into the anterior segment of the rudimentary eye between the surface ectoderm and the neural retina and lens. (biomedcentral.com)
In the trophoblast cell lineage, a subset of the trophectoderm cells maintains the capacity to proliferate and contribute to the extraembryonic ectoderm, the ectoplacental cone, and the secondary giant cells of the early conceptus after implantation, and finally they produce the entire trophoblastic population in the mature placenta. (elsevierpure.com)

These germ layers generate each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult human body. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
Sertoli-Germ (Spermatid)-cell interactions affect spermatogenesis at the molecular, cellular and biochemical levels. (proteinlounge.com)
Germ cell movement within the epithelium is vital because germ cells, if induced to release into the tubule lumen prematurely, will be unable to fertilize the ovum. (proteinlounge.com)

These cells contain stacks of structures called sarcomeres that enable the cells to contract and generate the force required for movement. (elifesciences.org)

Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)
The regeneration is maintained by adult stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In tissue engineering, the use of stem cells are known to be of importance. (wikipedia.org)
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)
Advances in the fields of stem cell biology, biomaterials, and tissue engineering over the last decades have brought the possibility of constructing tissue substitutes with a broad range of applications in reg. (biomedcentral.com)
involves dedifferentiation to form undifferentiated mass of tissue. (pw.live)
Under normal circumstances, turnover of epithelial cell lineages occurs constantly in every 2-7 days but this process become faster during tissue repair and wound healing [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The second group includes cell- or tissue-specific factors. (nature.com)
Explaining the difference between embryonic and cord tissue-derived stem cells. (tomeipowered.com)
The invasion of neoplastic cells into healthy brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of Gliomas and contributes to the failure of current therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy). (proteinlounge.com)
Meanwhile, adipose tissue-derived stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) were applied as a vehicle to transport small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the circRNAs to demonstrate their biological function in vivo. (bvsalud.org)

To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)

Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)

The dynamics of aqueous humor have been best characterized in mammals where ciliary epithelial cells produce the clear ocular fluid while the trabecular meshwork, which is situated at the iridocorneal angle overlying Schlemm's canal, regulates drainage. (biomedcentral.com)
FUT2 encodes an enzyme that produces histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) on the surface of epithelial cells and in mucosal secretions ( 21 , 22 ). (cdc.gov)

Stem cells differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts, and mechanical stimulation is involved in this p. (biomedcentral.com)
Concomitantly, the ability of MSCs to differentiate and give rise to multiple cell types such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts … These transplants vastly increase the bodyâ s natural healing abilities and have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses.Â. (tomeipowered.com)
osteoblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial-cells and also non-mesoderm-type lineages e.g. (tomeipowered.com)
SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)

Although Drosophila chimeras had previously been produced, mammalian chimeras were not successful until Mintz developed a reliable technique for the production of embryonic fusions. (asu.edu)
This study shows that Schip1 , a Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Schwannomin interacting protein 1 (SCHIP1), provides a link between Ex and Hpo. (sdbonline.org)

Pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog play a role in transcriptionally regulating the embryonic stem cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

NC cells differentiate to form a broad array of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, cartilage, craniofacial mesenchyme, and melanocytes ( Mayor and Theveneau, 2013 ). (jneurosci.org)

In humans the placental barriers are composed by the endothelium of the fetal capillaries, and two layers of trophoblast cells, the syncytiotrophoblast, composed of syncytia forming a continuous lining of the villous tree, and the cytotrophoblast, composed of single cells forming a discontinuous layer in the mature placenta (Figure 1). (biomedicineandprevention.com)

The adult mammalian intestinal epithelium is unique for its rapidly self renewing property. (biomedcentral.com)
A previous study, which used a 3-dimensional (3-D) intestinal model derived from INT-407 cells reported NoV replication and extensive cytopathic effects (CPE). (cdc.gov)

In addition, 3T3 cells are negative for reverse transcriptase, indicating the lack of integral retrovirus genomes. (fsu.edu)
In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
With roughly 30,000 genes in mammalian genomes, fection with a vector encoding MyoD (Tapscott et al. (lu.se)

The reduced expression of most of these genes in htz1Delta cells was reversed by the deletion of SIR2 (sir2Delta) suggesting that H2A.Z antagonizes telomeric silencing. (sdbonline.org)
Moreover, decreased proliferating ability in KO MYFs due to insufficient PDGFRα expression was rescued by ectopic expression of CPEB2, suggesting an important role of CPEB2 in upregulating PDGFRα signaling for pulmonary alveologenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. (wikipedia.org)
However, 3T3 cells, it was quickly realized, were not normal cells either, since they are capable of growing indefinitely. (fsu.edu)

Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)
Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
At the time of their establishment, 3T3 cells were different than most other cell lines in regard to the fact they did not induce tumors to develop when injected into murine species. (fsu.edu)
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the malignant neoplasm of the exocrine duct cells, accounts for more than ninety percent of all pancreatic tumors (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)

Several differences exist in placental organization among different mammalian species, making it difficult to automatically transpose toxicological results from common in vivo models, such as rodents, to humans. (biomedicineandprevention.com)

They can regulate stem cell functions by modulating effects of Wnt signalling on ephrin B1 (EFNB1) and its receptors EPHB2, EPHB3 in the stem cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal somitogenesis in gastruloids. (upf.edu)
Published on June 11, 2020, in the journal Nature , the report describes a method of using human embryonic stem cells to generate a three-dimensional assembly of cells, called gastruloids, which differentiate into three layers organized in a manner that resembles the early human body plan. (scitechdaily.com)
To make gastruloids in the lab, defined numbers of human embryonic stem cells were placed in small wells, where they formed tight aggregates. (scitechdaily.com)
After treatment with chemical signals, the gastruloids were seen to lengthen along a head to tail axis, known as the anteroposterior axis, turning on genes in specific patterns along this axis that reflect elements of a mammalian body plan. (scitechdaily.com)
The researchers judged the equivalent human embryonic age of the gastruloids by comparing them to the Carnegie Collection of Embryology. (scitechdaily.com)

Fertilization is the ultimate reprograming experiment where two highly differentiated cells (oocyte and sperm) fuse to form a zygote with totipotent potential. (nih.gov)

The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)

After next few days a conical bulge appears at this site as a mass of accumulated cells below epidermis which begins to proliferate actively. (pw.live)

that given the right morphogenesis or transcription factor, a cell could be induced to become anything at any point. (lifeissues.net)

It also occurs at regions of specialized cell-cell contact and/or cell recognition, like the epidermal part of the muscle attachment sites and the differentiating CNS. (biologists.com)

Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)

This membrane glycoprotein is found on almost all mature leucocytes but critically not on their haematopoeitic precursor CUDC-101 stem cells, allowing for a 'reboot' of the immune system with rapid depletion and gradual reconstitution of the immune system [2]. (thebiotechdictionary.com)

They wondered if they could ultimately redesign living cells by assembling biological "circuits" from a set of standardized "parts" (genes), just as an engineer can build circuits to control electronic devices by combining the right components. (technologyreview.com)

Each round spermatid then undergoes dramatic changes in its cellular morphology (spermiogenesis) to form first an elongating spermatid and finally a spermatozoon. (jci.org)
Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)

Apoptosis Programmed Cell Death (PCD). (agemed.org)
Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
CCK-8, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were used to detect the cell survival condition. (bvsalud.org)

From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
In humans, the telencephalon also governs the ability to make rational decisions, to plan for the future and to have the creative impulses [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

Anatomy37

Organisms35

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes86

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Tissues19

Differentiation29

Progenitor cells6

Mouse embryonic3

Early mammalian development1

Pluripotent17

Embryo22

Vitro15

Embryos8

ESCs7

Stem cell res10

Potential to differentiate1

Somatic cells6

Endoderm3

Proliferation6

Mesenchymal17

Lineages are established2

Blastocyst2

Subsequently3

Proliferative3

Development27

Populations11

Hematopoietic2

Glial cells1

Regenerative3

Gene7

Fate5

Therapies3

Processes3

Ectoderm2

Germ4

Structures1

Adult stem5

Tissue9

Developmental2

Organism4

Epithelial cells2

Osteoblasts4

Drosophila2

Transcriptionally1

Neurons1

Fetal1

Intestinal2

Genomes3

Expression2

Indefinitely2

Tumors6

Species1

Regulate1

Gastruloids5

Fuse to form1

Regulation2

Proliferate1

Morphogenesis1

Occurs1

Therapeutic potential1

Precursor1

Ultimately1

Cellular4

Apoptosis3

Humans4