• Results- Increased hypermethylation frequencies in carcinoma vs. normal colonic mucosa were detected for all the inflammatory marker genes in specimens of UC-CRC patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • Methylation of the NTSR1 in the normal colonic mucosa suggests a possible field defect in UC-CRC, and could thus be used as an early biomarker to detect increased UC-CRC risk in non-neoplastic epithelium. (helsinki.fi)
  • fewer changes were found between benign colonic adenomas and either normal colonic mucosa or carcinomas. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Comparison of normal colonic mucosa with mucosa from patients with the autosomal dominant disease familial polyposis revealed more extensive alterations in gene expression involving approximately 25% of the clones screened. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Flat colonic mucosa in familial polyposis is therefore markedly aberrant and may be highly dedifferentiated, suggesting several possible mechanisms for the very high incidence of cancer that develops in this epithelium. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by relapsing-remitting inflammation of the colonic mucosa, believed to be multifactorial in disease pathophysiology, including an aberrant immune response. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Risk stratification of colon carcinogenesis through enhanced backscattering spectroscopy analysis of the uninvolved colonic mucosa. (nih.gov)
  • Through their cell mapping, investigators identified 51 cell subsets of colonic mucosa, which included epithelial, stromal, and immune cell lineages. (mit.edu)
  • Unlike the normal mucosa, the UC mucosa contains large numbers of IgG plasma cells, reminiscent of a typical peripheral immune response towards an invading pathogen, leading to local deposition of IgG on epithelial cells. (bmj.com)
  • Goblet cell hyperplasia is the little-recognized initial pathologic lesion of sporadic colorectal cancer, referred to as transitional mucosa, aberrant crypt foci, goblet cell hyperplastic polyps or transitional polyps. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is the even lesser-recognized initial pathologic feature of IIBD, referred to as hypermucinous mucosa, hyperplastic-like mucosal change, serrated epithelial changes, flat serrated changes, goblet cell rich mucosa or epithelial hyperplasia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Restitution of injured mucosa involves the recruitment of immune cells, epithelial migration and proliferation4,5. (emory.edu)
  • Furthermore, the dominant member of this wound-mucosa-associated microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila (an anaerobic, mucinophilic gut symbiont7,8), stimulated proliferation and migration of enterocytes adjacent to the colonic wounds in a process involving FPR1 and intestinal epithelial-cell-specific NOX1-dependent redox signalling. (emory.edu)
  • Compared to full-length p40 (p40F) and p40N180, p40N120 showed similar or higher effects on up-regulating expression of Setd1b (encoding a methyltransferase), promoting mono- and trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1/3), and enhancing Tgfb gene expression and protein production that leads to SMAD2 phosphorylation in human colonoids and a mouse colonic epithelial cell line. (bvsalud.org)
  • This constant replacement of the epithelium is driven by cells located in the base of colonic crypts, which constantly divide and give rise to the various differentiated cell types. (nature.com)
  • The majority of epithelial cells are therefore short-lived, in contrast to a limited number of long-lived stem cells in the base of the crypts. (nature.com)
  • Lgr5 is a well-established marker of these basal stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract 1 and lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that Lgr5 + cells give rise to clonal cell populations establishing entire colonic crypts 2 . (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that while Rspo3 from myofibroblasts maintains colonic Lgr5 + cells during homeostasis, during injury its main function is not to maintain Lgr5 + cells but to interact with more differentiated cells that express Lgr4 but not Lgr5 and are able to regain expression of Wnt target genes and generate new crypts. (nature.com)
  • 1999. Effect of carcinogen dose fractionation, diet and source of F344 rat on the induction of colonic aberrant crypts by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The actual goblet cell hyperplasia, simply an increase in the number of goblet cells lining the colonic crypts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Smith T, Mithen R, Johnson IT (2003) Effects of Brassica vegetable juice on the induction of apoptosis and aberrant crypt foci in rat colonic mucosal crypts in vivo . (quadram.ac.uk)
  • The colonic epithelial turnover is driven by crypt-base stem cells that express the R-spondin receptor Lgr5. (nature.com)
  • Thus, we find that endogenous Rspo3 signaling is a critical determinant of cellular fate within the crypt and stimulates rapid recruitment of differentiated cells for epithelial wound healing and crypt regeneration through induction of Wnt signaling. (nature.com)
  • This study was conducted to investigate the chemopreventive potential of camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) and bovine milk as well as the impact of fermenting these milks with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus against early colon carcinogenesis as measured by the reduction of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated Fischer 344 rats. (scialert.net)
  • and disease biomarkers the putative colon cancer precursor lesions aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colonic polyps. (utoronto.ca)
  • In the azoxymethane-treated rat, when compared with saline-treated controls, significant changes in the enhanced backscattering markers were observed as early as 2 weeks after azoxymethane treatment (before the development of aberrant crypt foci and adenomas). (nih.gov)
  • It may be due to the complex interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and changes in intestinal microflora, resulting in mucosal immune response abnormalities and impaired epithelial barrier function, giving rise to congenital and adaptive immune response disorders [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Chemical injury induced by DSS leads to a loss of both Lgr5 + cells and Axin2 + cells and epithelial regeneration is driven by Axin2 − cells, including differentiated Krt20 + surface enterocytes. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that Rspo3 is essential for epithelial repair via induction of Wnt signaling in differentiated cells. (nature.com)
  • While Lgr5 + cells are long-lived and act as stem cells during homeostatic conditions, experimental models have demonstrated that Lgr5 + stem cells per se are not essential for maintaining epithelial integrity 3 . (nature.com)
  • Further metabolism by colonic bacteria that produce β-glucuronidase generates methyldiazonium, which can initiate cancer by inducing mutagenic lesions in target cells by the alkylation of DNA at the O6 position of guanine 17 . (scialert.net)
  • This results in the possible exposure of epithelial cells to luminal toxins, products of inflammation and also luminal growth hormones. (utoronto.ca)
  • Third, high risk diets increase the mutation frequency in epithelial cells either because they contain genotoxic compounds such as heterocyclic amines or because they lead to the endogenous formation of genotoxic compounds such as advanced glycation end-products or reactive oxygen species. (utoronto.ca)
  • Apoptotic cells in the colonic lamina propria were detected by a TUNEL assay. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Aberrant control of epithelial cell turnover results in the persistence of antigen-presenting cells that contain apoptotic epithelial fragments in the colonic lamina propria of Helicobacter-infected TLR4 -/- mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The front line of this barrier is composed of epithelial cells and apical junctional complexes encompassing tight junction (TJ) proteins and adherens junctions between adjacent epithelial cells [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, this study aimed to apply structure-functional analysis to define the functional peptide of p40 that modulates the epigenetic program in intestinal epithelial cells for sustained prevention of colitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, supplementation with p40F and p40N120 in early life increased H3K4me1, Tgfb expression and differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon, and mitigated disruption of epithelial barrier and inflammation induced by DSS in adult mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Individuals have been studied from well-defined population groups in which colonic epithelial cells have progressed to increasingly advanced stages of neoplastic transformation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), also referred to as CXCL10, is a chemokine that plays an important role in the integrin activation and migration of cells, including activated T cells, monocytes, eosinophils, natural killer, epithelial and endothelial cells. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Effects of sulforaphane and 3,3'-diindolylmethane on genome-wide promoter methylation in normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Moreover, SHIP2 is more active in colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting that SHIP2 can induce oncogenesis in colonic epithelial cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Current quotes of annual fatalities from cancer of the colon in China range between 60 0 to 90 0 Our molecular knowledge of the hereditary and epigenetic adjustments that get the change of regular colonic epithelial cells as well as the development of cancer of the colon has progressed quickly. (techuniq.com)
  • We previously found that aberrant expression of AE1 and AE2 is associated with gastric carcinogenesis [8] and others reported that AE2 was overexpressed in human Gastrodin (Gastrodine) hepatocellular carcinoma cells [9 10 However the role of AE polypeptides in malignant transformation of the cells remains unclear. (techuniq.com)
  • Due to the secretory function of epithelial cells, UPR plays an important role in maintaining epithelial barrier function at mucosal sites. (distantreader.org)
  • ER stress and activation of the UPR are natural mechanisms by which mucosal epithelial cells combat viral infections. (distantreader.org)
  • IRE1b (also known as ERN2) is abundantly expressed by intestine and lung epithelial cells. (distantreader.org)
  • some is secondarily produced by alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We previously reported that interaction of viable commensal bacteria with mammalian intestinal epithelial cells resulted in a rapid and reversible generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulated neddylation of Cullin-1 and resulted in suppressive effects on the NF-κB pathway. (emory.edu)
  • During EMT, epithelial cell lose its E-cadherin expression, which contributes to intercellular adhesion and enables cells with migratory and invasive properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A combination of factors, including aberrant mucosal immune responses, intestinal epithelial dysfunction, and defects of host interactions with intestinal microbes likely contribute to CD. (medscape.com)
  • In this context, overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) attributable to inflammatory stimuli in diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease may contribute to colonic carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been recently proposed as chemopreventive agents in gastrointestinal neoplasia, because they lead, through inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway, to goblet cell conversion in some intestinal adenomas of the Apc Min mice, and halt epithelial cell proliferation. (biologists.com)
  • LncRNA expression levels of colonic biopsy samples (20 CRCs, 20 adenomas (Ad), 20 healthy controls (N)) were analyzed with Human Transcriptome Array (HTA) 2.0. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Colorectal cancer is a complication of ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn's disease, the two main forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This association is supported through a number of studies The aberrant tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 induces inflammation and has been shown to increase GRAMD1B levels in colon tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tregs (Foxp3 + ) that secrete interferon-γ and IL-17 accumulate in the colonic lamina propria of TLR4 -/- × IL-10 -/- mice and do not prevent inflammation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: In mice that lack both IL-10- and TLR4-mediated signals, aberrant regulatory T-cell function and dysregulated control of epithelial homeostasis combine to exacerbate intestinal inflammation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Epigenetic changes in CRC such as aberrant DNA methylation alterations are common changes in human cancer. (helsinki.fi)
  • Here, alterations in the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial barrier were investigated as the causes of hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by high-fructose diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • generally result from aberrant cellular signaling, unregulated cellular growth ▫ Genetic alterations (e.g. point mutations, amplifications, rearrangements, deletions) ▫ Epigenetic influence (e.g. (osmosis.org)
  • In line with aberrant expression of certain lncRNAs in tumors, the expression of miRNA and mRNA targets showed systematic alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gut microbiota compositional alteration, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction, intestinal epithelial barrier impairment, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome dysfunction, high levels of serum endotoxin, and FITC-dextran were observed in fructose-fed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of note, SCFAs, as well as pioglitazone (a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist), shaped the gut microbiota and ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and NLRP6 inflammasome dysfunction in fructose-fed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, SCFAs activated colonic NLRP6 inflammasome and increased DCX + newborn neurons in the hippocampal DG of control mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings reveal that gut dysbiosis is a critical factor for a high-fructose diet-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in C57BL/6N mice possibly mediated by impairing intestinal epithelial barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of IP-10 in colonic tissue and IP-10 plasma concentrations are greater in patients with UC compared with healthy controls. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Studies have clearly shown that tissue neutrophil numbers need to be tightly regulated for optimal CDI outcomes: while excessive colonic neutrophilia is associated with severe CDI, neutrophil depletion also results in worse outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • and d) IL-1β neutralization reduced CXCR2 expression on bone marrow and blood neutrophils and their subsequent accrual to colonic tissue. (frontiersin.org)
  • Background- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common epithelial carcinoma. (helsinki.fi)
  • This Rspo3-driven regeneration program is supported by injury-induced stromal remodeling, and is essential for epithelial recovery. (nature.com)
  • We know that the pathology behind UC is a multifactorial interplay between dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity, a breakdown of the gut mucosal barrier function, and an aberrant response to intestinal pathogens. (mit.edu)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of the UPR in maintaining mucosal epithelial cell integrity and barrier function and highlight how the UPR is regulated by the host innate immunity. (distantreader.org)
  • therefore, duplications of these structures may result from "aberrant luminal recanalization. (medscape.com)
  • Second, high risk diets can result in decreased epithelial membrane integrity and increased permeability. (utoronto.ca)
  • In addition, we review current insights into how the UPR is involved in viral infection at mucosal barriers and potential therapeutic strategies that restore epithelial cell integrity following acute viral infections via cytokine and cellular stress manipulation. (distantreader.org)
  • Based on our HTA results, a subset of literature-based CRC-associated lncRNAs showed remarkable expression changes already in precancerous colonic lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A subset of CRC-associated lncRNAs showed significantly differential expression in precancerous samples, raising the possibility of developing adenoma-specific markers for early detection of colonic lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 13 A role for microbial signals via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been reported in mediating intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) and dendritic cell (DC) induction of the production of IgA through the induction of BAFF and APRIL. (nature.com)
  • However, pioglitazone and GW9662 (a PPAR-γ antagonist) exerted no impact on SCFAs-mediated NLRP6 inflammasome activation in ex vivo colonic explants, suggesting that SCFAs may stimulate NLRP6 inflammasome independently of PPAR-γ activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, the defective colonic NLRP6 inflammasome is responsible for intestinal epithelial barrier impairment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCFAs can stimulate NLRP6 inflammasome and ameliorate the impairment of intestinal epithelial barrier, resulting in the protection against a high-fructose diet-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression was determined using western blot. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian intestine houses a complex microbial community, which influences normal epithelial growth and development, and is integral to the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa1-3. (emory.edu)
  • NTSR1 gene showed significantly increased methylation of normal colonic mucosae from UC-CRC vs. LS patients (p value=0.01). (helsinki.fi)
  • Signals that regulate epithelial regeneration upon stem cell injury are largely unknown. (nature.com)
  • 1980. Inhibition by bran of the colonic cocarcinogenicity of bile salts in rats given dimethylhydrazine. (cdc.gov)
  • Dysregulated lncRNAs are known to contribute to CRC formation through the disruption of various signaling cascades including Wnt/β-catenin, EGFR/IGF-IR (KRAS and PI3K pathways), TGF-β, p53 and Akt signaling pathways, and also via influencing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I began by working on the physiological effects of non-digestible polysaccharides (dietary fibre) in the gastrointestinal tract, and later broadened the activities of my research group to cover the impact of minerals, phytochemicals, essential fatty acids and fermentable carbohydrates on intestinal cell proliferation, and on other aspects of human physiology related to cancer prevention, including epithelial epigenetics. (quadram.ac.uk)
  • The importance of the three mechanisms can be evaluated in animal models and clinical studies with the use of experimentally modified diets and biomarkers of epithelial exposure and cancer risk. (utoronto.ca)
  • Among the MAPKs ERK could be the main for arousal of cell proliferation [2 3 Intestinal epithelial differentiation would depend on activation from the ERK MAPK pathway and raising proof also suggests participation from the ERK pathway in the pathogenesis and development of individual cancer of the colon [4]. (techuniq.com)
  • The incidence and prevalence of the disease (especially colonic CD) are steadily increasing, mainly in northern climates and urban areas, but CD is also becoming more common in regions such as Africa, South America, and Asia. (medscape.com)
  • The epithelial lining represents some portion of the alimentary tract. (medscape.com)
  • IP-10 also appears to modulate cellular functions independently of CXCR3, including epithelial cell proliferation and migration as well as endothelial cell proliferation via heparan sulfate. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Aberrant activity of kinases is observed in many forms of cancer and as phosphatases counteract such "oncogenic" kinases, it is generally assumed that phosphatases function as tumor suppressors. (oncotarget.com)
  • However the ERK MAPK cascade may possess potential being a biomarker or being a healing target for avoidance or treatment of cancer of the colon the molecular systems root aberrant activation from the ERK pathway remain largely undefined. (techuniq.com)