Abducens nucleus in the pons. Medical search. Frequent questions

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia results from damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus, interrupting fibres projecting from the abducens nucleus in the pons to the contralateral medial rectus subnucleus of the III nerve nucleus in the midbrain, which mediates adduction during conjugate lateral gaze. (neuroophthalmology.ca)
The distribution of labeled terminals (stipple) and axons (lines) observed following a PhaL injection into the cMRF (A,B) is charted on a rostral to caudal series of sections through the midbrain (A,pons (A and medulla (H.terminals were observed inside the medulla (Figures H,I) than inside the pons,but the ipsilateral predominance was nevertheless evident. (signsin1dayinc.com)
The pons is found in the brainstem located in the middle of the midbrain and the medulla oblongata, just in front of the cerebellum. (human-memory.net)
Most sources consider the pons , medulla oblongata , and midbrain all to be part of the brainstem. (wikidoc.org)
This marks the end of the pons as the inferior colliculus is directly rostral and marks the caudal midbrain. (wikidoc.org)
The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla and serves as a passageway between the brain and spinal cord. (dipg.org)
The pons - which means "bridge" in Latin - is an approximately 3.5 cm. long "knob-like" structure that occupies the central portion of the brainstem between the midbrain and the medulla. (dipg.org)
The MLF is a pair of highly specialized nerve fibers that are highly myelinated and run in a craniocaudal direction just ventral to the cerebral aqueduct and the fourth ventricle in the tegmentum of the midbrain and the dorsal pons. (healthncare.info)
These nerve fibers are located in the tegmentum of the midbrain and the dorsal pons. (healthncare.info)
INO and trochlear syndrome are both caused by damage to the MLF, which is located in the caudal region of the midbrain, as well as the ipsilateral trochlear nucleus. (healthncare.info)
The triune brain which is the neomammalian complex (RAS- aka neocortex), midbrain (pons- aka limbic system), and forebrain (thymus aka reptilian) is working on a downward function, which makes learning and thinking chaotic in the mind. (myelberteveryonelearnsbetterembracingrevolutionaryteaching.com)
The pons is located above the medulla and below the midbrain. (proprofs.com)
The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
The SCP is the major output of the cerebellum, divided between the red nucleus in the midbrain and the thalamus, which will return cerebellar processing to the motor cortex. (foobrdigital.com)

The vestibulocochlear nerve, the eighth cranial nerve, the fastigial nucleus, and the flocculus of the cerebellum provides the input necessary for this to happen. (healthncare.info)
The cerebellum is located in apposition to the dorsal surface of the brain stem, centered on the pons. (foobrdigital.com)
The name of the pons is derived from its connection to the cerebellum. (foobrdigital.com)
If the cerebral cortex sends a motor command to initiate walking, that command is copied by the pons and sent into the cerebellum through the MCP. (foobrdigital.com)
The midline regions of the cerebellum, the vermis and flocculonodular lobe , are involved in comparing visual information, equilibrium, and proprioceptive feedback to maintain balance and coordinate movements such as walking, or gait , through the descending output of the red nucleus (Figure 16.15). (foobrdigital.com)

The fibræ pontis at the inferior border of the pons are placed on the superficial or ventral aspect of the pyramidal bundles. (co.ma)
There is some analogy between the pyramidal portions of the medulla oblongata and the ventral part of the pons. (co.ma)
once apparent that the numerous scattered bundles of longitudinal fibres which enter the ventral part of the pons from above, if brought together into one tract, would form a strand very much larger than the two pyramids which leave its lower aspect and enter the medulla oblongata. (co.ma)
These bundles occupy a lateral and dorsal position in the ventral part of the pons, and may be termed the cerebro-pontine fibres, seeing that they come from the cerebral cortex and end in fine ramifications around the cells of the nuclei pontis (Fig. 498). (co.ma)
According to scientists, the varoli's bridge is divided into two main parts, the basilar part also known as the ventral pons and the pontine tegmentum commonly called the dorsal pons. (human-memory.net)
It is the ventral part of the pons and any form of tissue damage in this part may result in impairment of motor functioning. (human-memory.net)
Furthermore, the ventral pons has the corticospinal tract that runs craniocaudally and is considered the rostral extension of the ventral medulla oblongata (2). (human-memory.net)
The pons consists of a) the basilar pons in the front (ventral portion), and b) the pontine tegmentum in the back (dorsal portion). (dipg.org)
[6] [7] Some neuronal subpopulations in the SN, such as the noradrenergic cell group A2 and the aldosterone -sensitive HSD2 neurons project as far ventral as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis . (wikipedia.org)
They lie ventral and medial to the dorsal vagal nucleus . (radiopaedia.org)
The MCP is the ventral surface of the pons. (foobrdigital.com)

Cranial nerve nuclei are a collection of neurons found in the brain stem that is associated with one or more cranial nerves. (human-memory.net)

The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
Inside the pons,big numbers of terminals have been found within the PRF (Figures B. Far more axons and terminal boutons were located on the ipsilateral side,as well as the density of termination decreased,and became extra medially concentrated at much more caudal levels. (signsin1dayinc.com)
The labeling inside the MdRF was consistent using the BDA situations (Figure.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy www.frontiersin.orgApril Volume ArticleWang et al.A cMRF Tectoreticuloreticular PathwayFIGURE PhaL labeled reticuloreticular axons at the degree of the abducens nucleus. (signsin1dayinc.com)
Note the ipsilateral predominance on the terminal labeling within the PRF and MdRF.Photomicrographs showing examples of PhaL labeled terminal arbors in the level of the caudal abducens nucleus (Figure A) are presented in Figures B . Thin,PhaL labeled axons could be observed with occasional branch points and terminal arbors inside this region. (signsin1dayinc.com)
The transverse fibres take origin as axons of the cells of the nuclei pontis. (co.ma)
Instead, they have facial nerve axons traversing superficial to underlying abducens (CN VI) nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
The basilar pons contains a complex combination of tracts (bundles of axons) and nuclei (collections of cell bodies of neurons). (dipg.org)
The nuclei of the cranial nerves are the collection of cell bodies of axons forming that cranial nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
Those fibers are axons that project from the gray matter of the pons into the contralateral cerebellar cortex. (foobrdigital.com)

At the median plane the transverse fibres of the two sides of the basilar portion of the pons intercross and form a coarse decussation. (co.ma)
The nuclei pontis form a considerable part of the bulk of the basilar portion of the pons. (co.ma)
It runs up and anterior to the pons and pierces the dura overlying the basilar part of the occipital bone and runs in Dorello's canal (piece of bone consisting of the inferior petrosal sinus and 6th nerve) prior to their entrance within the Cavernous Sinus. (myneurosurg.com)
Pontine arteries are connected to basilar artery and they supply oxygen-rich blood to most parts of the pons. (human-memory.net)
The basilar pons and the pontine tegmentum contain nuclei and tracts. (dipg.org)
The vertebral and basilar arteries have been cut away so that the pons and medulla are more completely visualized. (stanford.edu)

This fasciculus connects the abducent nerve nucleus with the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). (brainmadesimple.com)

It is the dorsal part of the pons and together with the dorsal medulla, they form the rhomboid fossa which is the floor of the fourth ventricle. (human-memory.net)
The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper medulla close to the midline, lying deep to the hypoglossal trigone , or hypoglossal triangle, which is the medial eminence of the floor of the fourth ventricle , inferior to the stria medullaris 1 . (radiopaedia.org)

The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE . (nih.gov)
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: Lack of communication such that when CN VI nucleus activates ipsilateral lateral rectus, contralateral CN III nucleus does not stimulate medial rectus to contract. (epomedicine.com)

The tegmentum of the pedunculus cerebri may be regarded as the continuation upwards of the formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata and the dorsal or tegmental portion of the pons into the mesencephalon. (co.ma)

The abducens nucleus is connected to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus by the fasciculus fibers, which enables horizontal conjugate lateral gaze as well as saccadic eye movements. (healthncare.info)
The hypoglossal nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers , from the precentral gyrus and adjoining areas from both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres, however primarily from the latter 1 . (radiopaedia.org)

These cranial nerves are the abducens nerve , facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve , respectively. (wikidoc.org)
Each facial colliculus , contrary to their names, do not contain the facial nerve nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
Abducens nerve emerges from the brain stem in the posterior cranial fossa from a groove at the junction of the pons and medulla oblongata medial to the facial nerve exit. (brainmadesimple.com)
Facial colliculi are actually rounded, bulged structures that are formed by the winding of fibers of the facial nerve around the nuclei of abducent nerves. (brainmadesimple.com)

The special visceral afferent (SVA), solitary nucleus, cochlear and the vestibular nuclei are formed from the sensory neuroblasts which are developed by the alar plate. (human-memory.net)
Additionally, the medial longitudinal fasciculus is responsible for transporting fibers that originate in the vestibular nuclei and are destined for the oculomotor, trochlear, and interstitial nuclei of Cajal. (healthncare.info)
The gaze reflex is addressed by the medial longitudinal fasciculus, which descends from the vestibular nucleus. (healthncare.info)
Wilhelm His Sr. (18311904) combined, in an unprecedented way, (taste bud afferents of cranial nerves VII, IX, X to the solitary tract) and dorsolateral otic placode-derived afferents provide the sole sensory input to the special somatic column consisting of the vestibular/auditory nuclei. (spagades.com)

Transmits visual information to brain stem nuclei for eye movement control. (mhmedical.com)
Dorsal portion of the neuroepithelium that gives rise to sensory nuclei of the spinal cord and brain stem. (mhmedical.com)
The varoli's bridge is the largest section of the brain stem and is also called Pons Varolii in Latin. (human-memory.net)
For example, the trigeminal ganglion is superficial to the temporal bone whereas its associated nerve is attached to the mid-pons region of the brain stem. (lumenlearning.com)
The rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve arise from the hypoglossal nucleus near the bottom of the brain stem . (iiab.me)

Moreover, the general somatic afferent column (GSA) of the trigeminal nerve and the pontine nuclei are formed from spinal nerve nuclei and the trigeminal nerve nuclei (1). (human-memory.net)
Cranial nerve V, also known as the trigeminal nerve, originates from the pons, which is a part of the brainstem. (proprofs.com)

Neurotransmitter used by motor neurons and neurons in several nuclei, including the basal nucleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus. (mhmedical.com)
The abducens nucleus is developed from the basal plate. (human-memory.net)
The pyramids end at the pontomedullary junction , noted most obviously by the large basal pons . (wikidoc.org)
Between the basal pons, cranial nerve 6, 7 and 8 emerge (medial to lateral). (wikidoc.org)

[6] Signals from muscle spindles on the tongue travel through the hypoglossal nerve, moving onto the lingual nerve which synapses on the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus . (iiab.me)

Collections of neurons that serve a particular function are called nuclei. (dipg.org)
The nuclei contain large motor neurons and myelinated fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles , excluding palatoglossus 1,2 which is innervated by the vagus nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
Functionally, the nuclei can be divided dorsally and ventrally, and into medial and lateral components to achieve a musculotopic organization of the motor neurons within. (radiopaedia.org)

The Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus is a fiber tract located ventrolaterally to the oculomotor nucleus that connects the trochlear nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, and abducens nucleus. (healthncare.info)

The pontine tegmentum is made up of cranial nerves which serve the head and neck, associated nuclei, the reticular formation (neural network involved in functions including cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and awakening), and tracts (both ascending and descending). (dipg.org)
An injury to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) in the dorsal pontine tegmentum, along with the ipsilateral abducens nucleus (AN) or posterior cingulate reticulum (PPRF), causes unilateral nystagmus (INO) and bilateral lateral gaze palsy (ILP). (healthncare.info)

The tracts cross shortly after entering the spinal cord and do not change sides as they ascend through the pons. (dipg.org)
The Medulla is a part of the brainstem located between the Pons and the Spinal cord. (proprofs.com)
The red nucleus sends new motor commands to the spinal cord through the rubrospinal tract . (foobrdigital.com)

The olives are swellings in the medulla containing underlying inferior olivary nuclei (containing various nuclei and afferent fibers). (wikidoc.org)

These lacunar syndromes include ataxia and paresis of the ipsilateral lower extremity, pure motor hemiparesis with paralysis of horizontal gaze, and hemiparesis with paralysis cross abducens (VI cranial). (minclinic.ru)

Several motor and sensory nuclei form longitudinal columns in the brainstem, leading to some authors describing them as single discontinuous longitudinal nuclear columns rather than the more numerous individual separate nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
The solitary nucleus (also called nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii (SN or NTS) ) [1] [2] is a series of sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus solitarius is a series of purely sensory nuclei forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded within the medulla oblongata . (wikipedia.org)

When, on the other hand, the cochlear terminal nuclei are destroyed, fibres which have undergone atrophy may be followed to the inferior colliculi of both sides, but particularly to that of the opposite side (Baginski, Bumm, and Ferrier and Turner). (co.ma)

This creates the general somatic efferent fibers (GSE), the special visceral efferent (SVE) which includes the superior salivatory nucleus, the fascial and motor trigeminal nuclei. (human-memory.net)
Before reaching the pons, the fibers from these columns cross at the level of the lower medulla to form a structure called the medial lemniscus, which then traverses the pons. (dipg.org)
Fibers pass anteriorly between the inferior olivary nucleus and pyramid and exit the medulla as the hypoglossal nerve between the pyramid and olive. (radiopaedia.org)

The hypoglossal nuclei , exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
Each nucleus is approximately 2 cm in length, extending beyond the limits of the hypoglossal trigone into the region of the closed medulla. (radiopaedia.org)
The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a number of small rootlets, passes through the hypoglossal canal and down through the neck, and eventually passes up again over the tongue muscles it supplies into the tongue. (iiab.me)

Möbius himself believed that the condition was degenerative or toxic in origin and that it involved the nuclei of the affected nerves. (medscape.com)
It is known that the pyramidal bundles suffer a small loss by the fibres which they send to the nuclei of origin of the efferent nerves which arise within the pons (viz. (co.ma)
Also, the dorsal pons contains nuclei of the cranial nerves which link it to a wide range of functions such as sensory and motor functions, controlling sleep, respiration, and level of arousal and vigilance (2). (human-memory.net)
Underlying each of these are motor nuclei for the respective cranial nerves. (wikidoc.org)
There is only one nucleus for each of the abducent nerves that is present in the upper pons (seen in the cut section of upper pons) at the level of facial colliculi. (brainmadesimple.com)
Other nuclei, however, are long and span several regions of the brainstem contributing to several cranial nerves. (radiopaedia.org)
For the 3rd (ocolomotor), 4th (trochlear), and 6th (abducens) cranial nerves, eyes are observed for symmetry of movement, globe position, asymmetry or droop of the eyelids (ptosis), and twitches or flutters of globes or lids. (msdmanuals.com)

A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (unboundmedicine.com)

Superiorly, however, they are broken up into smaller bundles by the transverse fibres of the pons, and are spread out over a wider area. (co.ma)
Added to these there are twice as many other fibres entering the pons from the basis pedunculi to terminate in the nuclei pontis. (co.ma)
The nuclei pontis are represented also in the pyramidal part of the medulla oblongata by the arcuate nuclei, which are covered over by the external arcuate fibres, and even tend to penetrate, to a slight extent, into the pyramidal tracts. (co.ma)
It is clear, therefore, that many of the longitudinal fibres which pass into the pons from above do not pass out from it below into the medulla oblongata. (co.ma)
What becomes of these fibres that are thus absorbed in the pons? (co.ma)
but no fibres pass continuously through the pons from one brachium pontis into the other. (co.ma)
Certain of the transverse fibres of the pons turn backwards and enter the dorsal or tegmental part of the pons, but the precise connexions of these are doubtful. (co.ma)
This name is applied to a group of transverse fibres which traverse the lower part of the pons (Fig. 498). (co.ma)

In the floor of the 4th ventricle, various nuclei can be visualized by the small bumps that they make in the overlying tissue. (wikidoc.org)
Above the pons is the hypothalamus, and to the back sits the 4th ventricle. (dipg.org)

Imaging studies-specifically, computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-may reveal calcifications in the regions of the CN VI nuclei and demonstrate cerebral malformations. (medscape.com)
At the upper border of the pons they again come together and form two solid strands, each of which is continuous with the central part of the corresponding basis of the cerebral peduncle. (co.ma)

Organ specific regions of neuronal architecture are preserved in the solitary nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The solitary nucleus projects to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus , the central nucleus of the amygdala , as well as other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area , locus coeruleus , dorsal raphe nucleus , and other visceral motor or respiratory networks). (wikipedia.org)

Von Graefe and Möbius accepted only cases with congenital facial diplegia and bilateral abducens nerve palsies as constituting Möbius syndrome. (medscape.com)
Multiple cranial nerve deficits or bilateral abducens nerve palsy associated with ENKL have been reported [ 3 ], but isolated unilateral abducens palsy is rarely reported. (hindawi.com)
Pseudobulbar syndrome with loss of ability to produce speech sounds (anarthria) due to bilateral infarcts in the internal capsule, may develop in lesions of lenticular nucleus and the striatum. (minclinic.ru)

and the nucleus of the inferior colliculus is very significant. (co.ma)

These can be found in the cochlear nucleus of the brain. (teachmeanatomy.info)

Laterally, the trochlear nerve has emerged after emerging out of the dorsal rostral pons and wrapping around to the anterior. (wikidoc.org)
Pure motor hemiparesis with 'motor aphasia' due to thrombotic occlusion of the artery branches lentikulostriarnoy lenticular nucleus and the striatum, which supplies blood knee and thigh anterior internal capsule with adjoining white substance radiate crown. (minclinic.ru)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)

A physical examination revealed isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)
This report is unique in two aspects: the unilateral abducens nerve palsy as the initial and isolated symptom of ENKL, and the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL. (hindawi.com)
Abducens nerve palsy is a common clinical finding in neurology practice and the etiology of the palsy is complicated. (hindawi.com)
The common causes of unilateral abducens nerve palsy are neoplasm and vascular disease in middle-aged people [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Herein we report a case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as initial symptom in the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL and investigated the clinical feature of the diagnosis and therapy. (hindawi.com)
He was found to have isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)

Extensive interconnections exist between many of these nuclei, as well as with other brainstem nuclei and white matter tracts, such as the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus . (radiopaedia.org)

The close relationship embryologically between the motor nuclei of the sixth and seventh CNs explains the pathology of this congenital condition. (medscape.com)
As we know, the abducens nerve is a motor nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of the motor nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
Pure motor hemiparesis with myocardial in rear thigh of the internal capsule or basis of the pons. (minclinic.ru)
It includes a copy of the motor commands sent from the precentral gyrus through the corticospinal tract, arising from collateral branches that synapse in the gray matter of the pons, along with input from other regions such as the visual cortex. (foobrdigital.com)

At the rostral pons, the occulomotor nerve emerges at the midline. (wikidoc.org)

It is clear, therefore, that other longitudinal bundles enter the pons from above apart from those which form the pyramidal tracts. (co.ma)

Anatomy13

Organisms1

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs1

Phenomena and Processes1

Midbrain14

Cerebellum5

Ventral11

Cranial nerve1

Axons9

Basilar6

Abducent nerve1

Fourth Ventricle2

Lateral rectus2

Portion of the pons1

Contralateral2

Facial nerve4

Vestibular4

Brain stem5

Trigeminal nerve2

Basal4

Mesencephalic nucleus1

Neurons3

Oculomotor nucleus1

Pontine tegmentum2

Spinal cord3

Afferent1

Ipsilateral1

Sensory nuclei3

Terminal nuclei1

Fibers3

Hypoglossal3

Nerves7

Somatic motor1

Fibres8

Ventricle2

Cerebral2

Solitary nucleus2

Bilateral3

Inferior colliculus1

Cochlear nucleus1

Anterior3

Nerve Palsy6

Medial lemniscus1

Motor5

Emerges1

Longitudinal1