• Metabolic syndrome is defined as a group of coexisting metabolic risk factors, such as central obesity, lipid disorders, carbohydrate disorders, and arterial hypertension. (hindawi.com)
  • Abdominal obesity is the major disorder constituting a base for the development of metabolic syndrome. (hindawi.com)
  • ABSTRACT There is accumulating evidence suggesting that inflammation is the bridging link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. (who.int)
  • This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
  • It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and type II diabetes. (natap.org)
  • Methods: Metabolic syndrome is ≥3 of the following: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and high serum glucose. (natap.org)
  • The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the NFHL study was higher with increasing viral load, higher BMI, higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio, and Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) or didanosine (ddI) use and lower among college-educated persons. (natap.org)
  • Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. (scirp.org)
  • The metabolic syndrome (MS) describes the association, in the same subject, of several traits such as central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, all of them very common conditions in developed countries. (scirp.org)
  • Obesity is the major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and through it diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Does a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome provide additional prediction of cardiovascular disease and total mortality in the elderly? (mja.com.au)
  • To assess whether a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) improves the prediction of cardiovascular disease or total mortality beyond that already provided by conventional risk factors. (mja.com.au)
  • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. (mja.com.au)
  • The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. (mja.com.au)
  • Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland coronary prevention study. (mja.com.au)
  • The metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study. (mja.com.au)
  • Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetic worlds. (mja.com.au)
  • Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study. (mja.com.au)
  • Hyperinsulinemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. (mja.com.au)
  • It has been shown that traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome modify the structural and functional characteristics of arteries reducing their compliance and increasing arterial stiffness. (dovepress.com)
  • In addition, NAOs supplementation in obese mice improved body weight and metabolic syndrome by increasing the abundance of intestinal microorganisms such as Eubacterium fissicatena and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and showed anti-obesity effects [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evidence linking depression to metabolic syndrome abnormalities indicates that depression is especially associated with its obesity-related components (for example, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia). (biomedcentral.com)
  • High triglycerides, low HDL, and abdominal obesity are among the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, so not only was cardiovascular health worsened, but people may have also negatively affected regulation of their blood glucose and insulin. (casi.org)
  • The Waist-Hip Ratio has been shown to be a better predictor of mortality and morbidity after certain surgery than body mass index (BMI) or body surface area. (healthjade.com)
  • This higher cardiovascular risk is not completely explained by clustering of traditional risk factors and increased arterial stiffness may be one pathophysiological mechanism linking diabetes to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The association between weight fluctuations and future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been clinically demonstrated [ 13 ], and the negative alterations in blood lipid profiles can have a strong deleterious influence on future cardiovascular events [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Although it is a rare condition, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease is important due to its higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, which is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and infections. (scielo.br)
  • Myles and co-workers (2002) found that obesity was an independent risk factor for postcesarean infection morbidity. (health.am)
  • In obese, nonpregnant individuals, at least some of the long-term cardiovascular morbidity was thought to be due to obesity-mediated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (Brook and associates, 2001). (health.am)
  • Depression has been shown to subsequently increase the risk of, for example, cardiovascular, stroke, diabetes and obesity morbidity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the associations of health-related physical fitness with body mass index (BMI) distribution and overweight/obesity risk among adults aged 23-64 years in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)
  • The quartiles of health-related physical fitness results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the associations of the health-related physical fitness measurements with the BMI distribution and the overweight/obesity risk as well as the dose-response relationship. (researchsquare.com)
  • The 3MPKS test and relative hand grip strength were significantly negatively associated with BMI and overweight/obesity risk with a dose-response relationship in both men and women. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, the sit-and-reach test was partially related to BMI and overweight/obesity risk in adults. (researchsquare.com)
  • Higher levels of the 3MPKS test and relative grip strength were associated with lower BMI and overweight/obesity risk in both sexes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness were effective predictors of BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, the successful prediction of future risk for overweight and obesity and subsequent weight management are important topics in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)
  • Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. (revistanutricionclinicametabolismo.org)
  • The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal-obesity and short stature among Rosario (Argentina) adult population. (isciii.es)
  • The current study detected a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult population in Rosario. (isciii.es)
  • Multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity increased according the age and abdominal obesity decreased with high physical activity in men. (isciii.es)
  • In women prevalence of overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity increased with age, marital status (married or coupled), presence of at least one child at home and low educational level. (isciii.es)
  • 0.001) and was related with age, overweight and abdominal obesity. (isciii.es)
  • Overweight and obesity characteristically accumulate body fat for various causes, resulting in weight gain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 13 ] investigated the association of adolescent smoking with overweight andabdominal obesity in adulthood, reporting that smoking is a risk factor forabdominal obesity among both genders and for overweight in women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The document also reported that there are several causes of low HDL cholesterol levels and that a number of these-including type II diabetes, overweight, obesity, elevated triglycerides (TGs), and a lack of physical activity-are associated with insulin resistance . (medscape.com)
  • Many risk factors for overweight and obesity have been identified, including over-nutrition and lack of physical activities. (annexpublishers.co)
  • It has been shown that obesity is associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The capacity of BRI to predict dyslipidemia was comparable but not superior to the classical indicators of obesity, whereas ABSI could not detect dyslipidemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Obesity is previously shown to be associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • replacing saturated fat "with a higher carbohydrate intake, particularly refined carbohydrate, can exacerbate the atherogenic dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance and obesity that includes increased triglycerides, small LDL particles, and reduced HDL cholesterol. (casi.org)
  • Non-obese PCOS women may display a trend towards sub-clinical atherosclerosis due to visceral fat deposition, which is the principal predictor of this phenomenon in PCOS women ( 8). (imsociety.org)
  • Therefore, TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression on the abdominal aorta of obese and DM rats that went through SG procedure were evaluated.METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided into 3 groups: lean-non-DM rats model (C1 group), obese-DM rats model (C2 group), and obese-DM rats model underwent SG (T group). (researchgate.net)
  • The higher mortality rates found in obese HCC patients might be related not only to a worse outcome after HCC treatments, but also to a delayed diagnosis related to a low frequency and a poorer quality of abdominal ultrasonography surveillance that is the test universally used for HCC screening. (elsevier.es)
  • Second, in a separate analysis in our cohort, neither absolute viral load nor change in viral load was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of generalized inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. (natap.org)
  • The prognostic importance of changes in aortic stiffness for the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality has never been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Otherwise, in categorical analyses, patients in the 1st quartile (greatest CF-PWV reductions) had excess risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratios [HRs]: 2.0-2.7), whereas patients in 3rd quartile had higher risks of all outcomes (HRs: 2.0-3.2), in relation to the lowest risk 2nd quartile subgroup. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in aortic stiffness, mainly increases and possibly also extreme reductions, are predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure measurement, and ankle-brachial index have an established clinical application while others including pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, and carotid intima-media thickness have no established application and do not have reference values for healthy Brazilian population but may be important predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. (scielosp.org)
  • Study evidence has shown that the fluctuations in body mass may be one of the primary risk factors for the development of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Male sex, older age, obesity, and underlying conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for severe or fatal disease ( 11 - 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, it is widely recognized that obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, type II diabetes mellitus and mortality 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • As FVC later in life, cardiovascular risk, type II diabetes mellitus and low-grade systemic inflammation are all associated with poor fetal growth, these other conditions may be partly responsible for the poor survival in those with low FVC. (bmj.com)
  • 25 kg/m2), no known cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for whom data was available on body composition, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (imsociety.org)
  • Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Background and Purpose-The association between obesity and atherosclerotic disease is controversial. (unimol.it)
  • age, 30 to 69 years) living in the area of Naples, Southern Italy, were recruited for a prospective, currently ongoing study on the etiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer in the female population (the Progetto ATENA study). (unimol.it)
  • A waist measuring more than 35" would put you at risk of not only abdominal obesity, but also vascular, including cardiovascular, and metabolic, disease. (plantimize.com)
  • Several studies show that the presence of MS is associated to an increased risk for both cardiovascular disease [2,3] and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [4]. (scirp.org)
  • The presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent predictor of future CV events [8-11] and in the last years several studies have demonstrated that the MS increases the risk of developing microalbuminuria and renal failure [12-20]. (scirp.org)
  • Introduction and objectives: Telomeres are noncoding regions located at the end of chromosomes and their shortening has been associated with risk factors and cardiovascular disease. (unav.edu)
  • The protocol was ambitious and mainly aimed at identifying potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
  • Indeed, obesity is highly prevalent in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is becoming one of the most frequent causes of liver disease worldwide. (elsevier.es)
  • Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer , some of the leading causes of preventable death. (health.am)
  • It is widely accepted as a major risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With regard to HA, the ATP III report stated, "Low HDL cholesterol is a strong independent predictor of CHD [coronary heart disease]. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, however, several large-scale meta-analyses have debunked the fearmongering notion that delicious foods such as red meat, bacon, and cheese cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) or increase risk for heart attack. (casi.org)
  • The ratio of triglycerides to HDL has emerged as a key indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease. (casi.org)
  • Research indicates it's an independent predictor for coronary heart disease (CHD), a finding that has been replicated and deepened: this ratio predicts CVD and CHD mortality . (casi.org)
  • Our meta-analysis identified children, secondary infection, diabetes and renal disease(s) as important predictors of severe dengue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The causal association of bilirubin with cardiovascular disease: Are there still any questions? (e-epih.org)
  • Mesenteric artery FMD is rare and presents with abdominal symptoms similar to Crohn disease (CD) and Behcet disease (BD). (medscape.com)
  • Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
  • Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
  • Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
  • Reported hazard ratios (HR) represent HR per standard deviation (SD) change in adiposity index and are adjusted for age, sex, smoking, cholesterol, SBP, glucose, and history of MI, stroke and AF. (pace-cme.org)
  • The application of WHtR provides an alternative anthropometric index of central obesity that avoids the limitations of WC because the inclusion of height into the index enhances the avoidance of any potential confounding of cardiometabolic risk by height [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The researchers found those who had a normal body mass index but central obesity - a high waist-to-hip ratio - had the highest cardiovascular death risk and the highest death risk from all causes. (healthjade.com)
  • Hence, classifying a subject as having MS would require the presence of central obesity (with different cut-off points depending on the country and ethnic group) in addition to two other criteria, the same as those of the ATP-III. (scirp.org)
  • Therefore, it was suggested that more appropriate body indices should be designed that will also take body shape into account and may serve as improved indicators of obesity [ 20 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, if an altered ability to oxidize FA represents an important contributor to the genesis of insulin resistance, assessing the capacity to burn fat in human subjects by RQ measurements might be a predictor of MetS and T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
  • The importance of the MS as a chronic cardiovascular risk factor and the role of insulin resistance (IR) as its principal underlying cause have been under discussion recently [7]. (scirp.org)
  • It has been suggested that high ABSI relates to a greater fraction of abdominal adipose tissue and appears to be a significant risk factor for premature death [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a study among South African blacks, WHtR was found as a significant predictor for all cardiometabolic risk components after 5 years in an adult population [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • el sobrepeso y la obesidad son enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) que en la actualidad poseen dimensiones pandémicas y se constituyen en importantes factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos para el desarrollo de otras ECNT. (revistanutricionclinicametabolismo.org)
  • 0,001) y estaba relacionada con la edad, el sobrepeso y la obesidad abdominal. (isciii.es)
  • Se utilizaron puntos de corte validados para la población latinoamericana y colombiana para la clasificación en normopeso, sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y riesgo cardiovascular. (revistanutricionclinicametabolismo.org)
  • El análisis multivariado mostró que la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y obesidad abdominal aumentó según la edad y la obesidad abdominal se redujo en hombres con elevada práctica de actividad física. (isciii.es)
  • En las mujeres, la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y obesidad abdominal aumentó con la edad, el estado civil (casado o en pareja), la presencia de al menos un niño en casa y bajo nivel educativo. (isciii.es)
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
  • From this the waist-to-height ratio was calculated, which takes into account the proportion of abdominal fat by the individual's height, considering the cut-off point of Ashwell & Hsieh. (bvsalud.org)
  • In a logistic binary regression on the entire population, considering subclinical vascular damage as a dependent variable and age, gender, MAP, fat mass%, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and category of subjects with high leptin and low adiponectin as independent variables, MAP and category of subjects with high leptin and low adiponectin were significant predictors (OR, respectively, 1.09 and 3.61). (dovepress.com)
  • The waist hip ratio has been used as an indicator or measure of health and the risk of developing serious health conditions. (healthjade.com)
  • Only few studies have determined the significance of BRI as an indicator of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TG:HDL ratio is a predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients on statins, including those with lower LDL, suggesting that LDL is not the best indicator of cardiovascular status. (casi.org)
  • Another reason why waist-hip-ratio is important to your health is that your health is not only affected by excess body fat, but also by where the fat is located . (healthjade.com)
  • When exposed to a surplus of calories, those of us who accumulate excess energy in lower body subcutaneous fat appear to be at lower risk of CHD, while those who cannot efficiently clear and store the energy in peripheral depots build up their intra-abdominal fat stores and increase their ectopic fat, a process leading to atherogenic metabolic disturbances that increase CHD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • However, lifting weights alone will not get rid of excess abdominal fat which is often an indication of metabolic problems within the body. (progressingpilgrim.com)
  • Increased arterial stiffness, which can be detected by applanation tonometry as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, has been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and to significantly improve risk stratification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multivariable Cox analysis examined the associations between changes in CF-PWV, evaluated as a continuous variable with splines and as categorical ones (quartiles and stable/reduction/increase subgroups), and the occurrence of total cardiovascular events (CVEs), major adverse CVEs (MACEs), and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Visceral fat (VF) rather than subcutaneous fat (SF) is the major predictor of adverse events. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Its frequency has increased in parallel to that of global obesity and diabetes epidemic [1]. (scirp.org)
  • Obesity and diabetes go hand in hand, and both have reached epidemic proportions in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Where the waist is convex rather than concave, as in pregnancy and obesity, the waist may be measured at a vertical level 1 inch above the navel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Number of family members, living status of spouse, emotional attachment to family members, conflict in family, loneliness, social isolation, marginal friendship ties, functional status, physical exercise, active complains and diastolic BP were independent predictors of depression in older adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over the last 40 years many studies have demonstrated a relation between survival and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) in general population samples, 1 2 and have shown that low FEV 1 is associated with high mortality from cardiovascular causes. (bmj.com)
  • More recently, other vascular parameters evaluating both structural and functional arterial proprieties of peripheral arteries have been introduced, for cardiovascular risk stratification and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions: An inverse association between cardiovascular health score and short telomeres was found especially for men older than 55 years in the SUN population. (unav.edu)
  • Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis evidenced that miR-221-3p participates in several obesity-related pathways, and more interestingly, this miRNA targets several candidate genes to childhood obesity according to DisGeNet database. (unav.edu)
  • Dexmedetomidine provided much better cardiovascular stability and superior analgesia. (ijhcr.com)
  • Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Of interest, measures of abdominal obesity were not independent predictors of prediabetes in adjusted models. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (elsevier.es)