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Waist CircumferenceObesity, AbdominalObesityBody Mass IndexWaist-Hip RatioAbdominal FatAnthropometryMetabolic Syndrome XAdiposityAbdomenBody ConstitutionRisk FactorsBody Weights and MeasuresCross-Sectional StudiesOverweightBody CompositionBody Fat DistributionCardiovascular DiseasesIntra-Abdominal FatInsulin ResistanceBlood GlucoseAdipose TissuePrevalenceBody WeightDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Body HeightBody SizeSkinfold ThicknessSex FactorsTriglyceridesCholesterol, HDLLife StyleLinear ModelsBlood PressureLipidsCohort StudiesWeight LossAsian Continental Ancestry GroupProspective StudiesDietHypertensionExerciseAge FactorsHypertriglyceridemiaChinaAdiponectinMetabolic DiseasesLogistic ModelsInsulinROC CurveDiabetes MellitusScrotumWeight GainBiological MarkersFastingReference ValuesC-Reactive ProteinLongitudinal StudiesRegression AnalysisHeadEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupObesity, MorbidOdds RatioPredictive Value of TestsSedentary LifestyleJapanDyslipidemiasFollow-Up StudiesRisk AssessmentGlucose Tolerance TestMotor ActivityNutrition SurveysQuestionnairesBrazilMultivariate AnalysisEnergy IntakeGlucose IntoleranceCholesterol, LDLLeptinFood HabitsAbsorptiometry, PhotonUmbilicusUnited StatesRepublic of KoreaHealth SurveysPediatric ObesityKoreaPhysical FitnessSubcutaneous FatAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupSex DistributionSubcutaneous Fat, AbdominalSmokingCase-Control StudiesNutritional StatusThinnessDiet, ReducingCephalometryUrban PopulationAnti-Obesity Agents
RatioSkinfold thicknessChildhood obesityVisceral fatAdiposityMorbidityDegree of obesityModifiable riskAssessMethodsAdultsTrends in obesityOverweight and obesityIliac crestPredictorCentral obesityGeneral obesityLogistic regressionAssessmentMeasurementUsually measuredComorbiditiesWHtRNegativelyExcess fatType 2 diabetRisksPredictorsHypertensionAdolescentsPopulationsObeseSignificantlyCardiovascularWomenDefineAdultHealthConclusionsMusclesDiabetesPercentageDietaryWeightHeightSeverePopulationExercisesRisk factorsHighPracticesPsychologicalStudyYearsDiet
Ratio18
  • Abdominal obesity was defined using waist circumference in recent years, and waist-hip ratio in earlier years. (cdc.gov)
  • This app provides BMI(Body Mass Index), WHtR(Waist-to-Height Ratio), and WHR(Waist-Hip Ratio). (slideme.org)
  • WHtR(Waist-to-Height Ratio): is defined as the waist circumference divided by the height. (slideme.org)
  • WHR(Waist-Hip Ratio) : is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. (slideme.org)
  • It get the appropriate Body Mass Index(BMI), Waist-to-height ratio(WHtR), and Waist-hip ratio(WHR). (slideme.org)
  • A person's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), occasionally written WtHR or called waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than twenty-five years ago, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because it is a proxy for 'harmful' central adiposity and a boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • The October 2022 NICE guidelines have suggested boundary values for WHtR (defining the degree of central adiposity) as follows: healthy central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.4 to 0.49, indicating no increased health risks increased central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.5 to 0.59, indicating increased health risks high central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.6 or more, indicating further increased health risks. (wikipedia.org)
  • The body mass index (BMI), body weight (kg) to squared height (m) ratio, is a well known index that is receiving increasing attention to evaluate the effects of overall obesity on ventilatory function. (ersjournals.com)
  • The percentage of adults aged 20 years or older with an unhealthy waist circumference increased from 5.6% in 1988-1994 to 7.6% in 2012, and the percentage with an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio increased from 27.2% in 1988-1994 to 33.7% in 2012. (medscape.com)
  • Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. (researchsquare.com)
  • We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between socio-economic/demographic characteristics, unhealthful behaviors and overweight/obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Measure of body fat that is the ratio of the weight of the body in kilograms to the square of its height in meter. (ucsf.edu)
  • Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference are commonly used measures for estimating abdominal adiposity (6,7). (cdc.gov)
  • Waist-to-hip ratio: a measurement for determining risk of distribution of body fat. (drnamitajain.com)
  • Use the 2 simple methods - waist measure and waist-to-hip ratio to find out the risk of your body fat distribution. (drnamitajain.com)
  • The waist-to-hip ratio offers a fast and reliable assessment of fat distribution towards risk to health. (drnamitajain.com)
  • This is calculated by dividing the waist measurement by the hip measurement to determine the ratio. (drnamitajain.com)
Skinfold thickness1
Childhood obesity8
  • Background Recent studies have associated several microRNAs (miRNAs) with childhood obesity and energy homeostasis, suggesting that an individual miRNA profile could be used as an early predictor to estimate the response to weight loss interventions in the design of precision nutrition. (unav.edu)
  • Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis evidenced that miR-221-3p participates in several obesity-related pathways, and more interestingly, this miRNA targets several candidate genes to childhood obesity according to DisGeNet database. (unav.edu)
  • With the rise in childhood obesity, we are seeing more kids with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in our pediatric weight management practice," said Jennifer Woo Baidal, MD, MPH, assistant professor of pediatrics at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and lead author of the paper. (nyp.org)
  • Although obesity prevalence is known to be rising in East Africa, research on childhood obesity is still minimal. (researchsquare.com)
  • These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, research on the prevalence of these behaviors and their association with childhood obesity in Kenya and other countries in the region is still quite limited. (researchsquare.com)
  • Studies that have examined the association between diet and childhood obesity in populations outside Kenya have shown mixed results. (researchsquare.com)
  • It also and to develop a comprehensive and may have devastating conse- examined the health and economic response to childhood obesity, the quences for this very vulnerable age consequences of obesity and their WHO Director-General established group. (who.int)
Visceral fat3
Adiposity4
  • It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • WHtR is a proxy for central (visceral or abdominal) adiposity: values of WHtR are significantly correlated with direct measures of central (visceral or abdominal) adiposity using techniques such as CT, MRI or DEXA. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
  • Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Morbidity1
Degree of obesity2
Modifiable risk3
Assess5
  • These measures allowed researchers to assess the effects of shift work and extended work hours on officer stress and fatigue, and examine the effects of work-related stress and fatigue on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the waist circumference, hip circumference, and WHR measurements obtained through InBody 3.0. (jomes.org)
  • Waist circumference: a measurement to assess potential risk for disease based on intra-abdominal fat content. (drnamitajain.com)
  • Girth measurements are used to assess the circumference of various body parts. (drnamitajain.com)
  • This is one of the key measures used to assess obesity and is strongly associated with abdominal fat. (drnamitajain.com)
Methods4
  • Use of various obesity measurement and classification methods in occupational safety and health research: a systematic review of the literature. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: This study systematically examined obesity research in occupational safety and health regarding the use of various obesity measurement and classification methods. (cdc.gov)
  • In only 22% of the studies, body fat was directly measured by methods such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. (unav.edu)
Adults4
  • To evaluate the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and the concomitant presence of both outcomes and their determinants among adults living in a rural area. (scielosp.org)
  • WHtR is an indicator of 'early health risk': several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of data in adults of all ages, as well as in children and adolescents, have supported the superiority of WHtR over the use of BMI and waist circumference in predicting early health risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • In other words, an indicative measure of good health in adults is manifest in the height and weight chart, while in children it attains greater importance since it is the benchmark for the overall development of the child. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
  • We aimed to investigate the association between the MIND diet score and general and central obesity among adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Trends in obesity1
  • However, recent reports suggest that long-term trends in obesity and diabetes rates are flattening. (medscape.com)
Overweight and obesity1
Iliac crest2
  • According to World Health Organization guidance, the waist circumference is usually measured midway between the lower rib and the iliac crest. (wikipedia.org)
  • top of the iliac crest) and hip circumference (the widest area of the buttock) were measured manually by a single trained personnel. (jomes.org)
Predictor1
  • It is used as a predictor of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
Central obesity2
  • In a comprehensive narrative review, Yoo concluded that "additional use of WHtR with BMI or WC may be helpful because WHtR considers both height and central obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • No significant association was observed between adherence to the MIND diet and odds of general and central obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
General obesity2
Logistic regression1
  • We performed crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses for each obesity outcome and multinomial logistic regression for metabolic risk. (scielosp.org)
Assessment4
  • If you have, then the following clinical vignette and discussion should prove to be a useful stimulus for learning more about obesity, its assessment, and its treatment. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Considerable attention has been given to waist circumference as a complementary (10) and, in some cases, superior (8) assessment to BMI. (cdc.gov)
  • Assessment of waist circumference is being emphasized for the evaluation of fat distribution. (jomes.org)
  • positive rate for assessment of abdominal obesity by the InBody 3.0 was 7∼17% presuming that the abdominal obesity according to manual measurement of waist circumference and WHR were golden standards. (jomes.org)
Measurement4
  • Efforts need to be made to promote appropriate obesity measurement and reporting in this field. (cdc.gov)
  • The waist, hip circumferences, and WHR obtained by InBody 3.0 were compared with the waist, hip circumferences, and WHR obtained by manual unelastic tape measurement. (jomes.org)
  • Despite the convenience of the automatic measurement of waist circumference and WHR obtained by InBody 3.0, it had a tendency to overestimate the values. (jomes.org)
  • The importance of manual tape measurement in order to accurately evaluate fat distribution and abdominal obesity must be emphasized. (jomes.org)
Usually measured1
Comorbidities2
WHtR2
  • The WHtR is a measure of the distribution of body fat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Boundary values were first suggested for WHtR in 1996 to reflect health implications and were portrayed on a simple chart of waist circumference against height. (wikipedia.org)
Negatively2
Excess fat1
Type 2 diabet2
  • Many parents know that obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes and other metabolic conditions, but there is far less awareness that obesity, even in young children, can lead to serious liver disease. (nyp.org)
  • In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight or obese, antidiabetic medications that have additional actions to promote weight loss (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] analogs or sodium-glucose-linked transporter-2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) are suggested, in addition to the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, metformin. (medscape.com)
Risks2
  • It measures abdominal obesity and therefore can be used as an better indicator of health risks than BMI (Body Mass Index). (slideme.org)
  • The persons who have an "apple shaped" body with more fat at the waist are more prone to health risks than people with "pear shaped" bodies or who have less fat around their waist and more around their hips. (slideme.org)
Predictors2
  • Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Of interest, measures of abdominal obesity were not independent predictors of prediabetes in adjusted models. (medscape.com)
Hypertension5
Adolescents1
  • portant indicator related to this target on obesity only in children younger is obesity in adolescents. (who.int)
Populations2
  • This is in part due to the limited understanding of some occupational safety and health researchers regarding the complex issues surrounding obesity classification and also the mixed recommendations over the past 2-3 decades and across populations. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed high prevalences of general and abdominal obesity in this population, which is consistent with the values found in urban populations. (scielosp.org)
Obese2
  • Overall, 21% of the students were overweight or obese and 9% of them had abdominal obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. (researchsquare.com)
Significantly2
  • The risk of general and abdominal obesity and concomitant outcomes increased significantly with age in both sexes. (scielosp.org)
  • In men, depression symptoms significantly increased with increasing levels of BMI and abdominal height. (cdc.gov)
Cardiovascular1
  • The BCOPS study is an investigation of the early or subclinical health consequences of stress in police officers and examines associations between a variety of officer exposures and outcomes including stress, shift work, traumatic incidents, lifestyle factors, stress biomarkers, body measures, and subclinical metabolic and cardiovascular disease. (cdc.gov)
Women3
  • Measures of above 40 inches (102 cm) in men and 35 inches (88 cm) in women are known as abdominal obesity (2). (bodybuilding.com)
  • The researchers measured blood levels of a liver enzyme called ALT-elevated ALT is a marker for liver damage and can occur in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other conditions that affect the liver-in 635 children from Project Viva, an ongoing prospective study of women and children in Massachusetts. (nyp.org)
  • A waist circumference of more than 40 inches in men and more than 35 inches in women, signifies obesity. (drnamitajain.com)
Define1
  • Over 63% of the studies relied solely on BMI to define obesity. (cdc.gov)
Adult1
  • WHO Child Growth Standards at age use since the late 1970s, did not ad- younger than 5 years has been in- 5 years and with the recommended equately represent early childhood creasing steadily, from 4.8% in 1990 adult cut-off points for overweight and growth and that new growth curves to 6.2% in 2015 (Fig. 1.1), despite obesity at age 19 years [6]. (who.int)
Health5
Conclusions1
  • Conclusions: Few authors acknowledged the limitations of using indirect obesity measures. (cdc.gov)
Muscles2
  • In one study, 6 weeks of training just the abdominal muscles had no measurable effect on waist circumference or the amount of fat in the abdominal cavity (31Trusted Source). (bodybuilding.com)
  • Spot exercises can strengthen your abdominal muscles , but they wont actually get rid of the fat that sits on top of your abs. (stomachguide.net)
Diabetes2
  • CARDIA objectively documented cardiorespiratory fitness using treadmill exercise testing to measure cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline (year 0: age 18-30 years), in early adulthood (year 7: age 25-37 years), and again at middle age (year 20: age 38-50 years), with documentation of incident prediabetes/diabetes over 25 years. (medscape.com)
  • Obesity and diabetes go hand in hand, and both have reached epidemic proportions in the United States. (medscape.com)
Percentage2
  • 95%). Height and weight were measured, body mass index (BMI), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), body fat mass (BFM), percentage of body fat (%BF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), FFM of both upper limbs and lower limbs and FFM of trunk were estimated according to In-body 270. (preprints.org)
  • Measuring body fat can be cumbersome (ie, measuring the percentage of body fat). (psychiatrist.com)
Dietary2
  • We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of unhealthful dietary patterns, physical activity and sleep behaviors among primary school children in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between the behaviors and overweight/obesity among the children. (researchsquare.com)
  • We found a rather high prevalence of unhealthful dietary behaviors among primary school students in Kenya, identified their determinants, and the association between specific behaviors and overweight/obesity. (researchsquare.com)
Weight8
  • Just swipe your finger over the measure tapes to enter your weight, height, waist, and hip. (slideme.org)
  • Losing abdominal fat, or belly fat, is a common weight loss goal. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Another study found that exercise completely prevented people from regaining abdominal fat after weight loss, implying that exercise is particularly important during weight maintenance (34Trusted Source). (bodybuilding.com)
  • Approximately 35 percent of 8-year-olds with obesity had elevated ALT versus 20 percent of those with normal weight. (nyp.org)
  • Some clinicians measure ALT levels in at-risk children starting at around 10 years old, but our findings underscore the importance of acting earlier in a child's life to prevent excess weight gain and subsequent liver inflammation," says Woo Baidal, who is also director of pediatric weight management and a pediatric gastroenterologist in the Center for Adolescent Bariatric Surgery at NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital. (nyp.org)
  • It denotes that you are at risk of several diseases and have to adopt remedial measures for weight loss. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
  • Current weight and height were measured while weight at cancer diagnosis and 1 year before diagnosis were self-reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Standard protocols were used to measure bloodpressure, weight, height, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucoseand fasting lipid profile of the subjects. (bvsalud.org)
Height1
Severe1
  • Ms A, a 49-year-old woman with a history of severe obesity, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and multiple medical problems, was admitted to the hospital with severe anasarca and a chronic pleural effusion. (psychiatrist.com)
Population1
  • Although, adherence to the MD diet was not associated with BMI in a large sample of European people, it was inversely associated with BMI and obesity in a Spanish population [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Exercises1
  • This doesn't mean doing abdominal exercises, as spot reduction - losing fat in one spot - is not possible. (bodybuilding.com)
Risk factors2
High2
  • Considered as by-products of the processes of accelerated urbanization and globalization, the consumption of high energy density foods, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity showed an increase in their prevalences in the last decades in middle- and low-income countries 2 2. (scielosp.org)
  • Students with high frequency of consumption of red/processed meats had 1.50 times the risk of being overweight/obesity compared to students with less-frequent consumption. (researchsquare.com)
Practices1
  • From these results, farmers can utilize accurate measures of fat which will enhance nutritional and management practices. (preprints.org)
Psychological1
  • A total of 464 police officers participated in the study which involved questionnaires measuring demographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors, DEXA measurements to record bone density and body composition, ultrasounds of the brachial and carotid arteries, 18 salivary cortisol samples throughout the day and in response to a series of challenges, and blood samples. (cdc.gov)
Study4
  • Results: Regardless of the study group, body mass index (BMI) was the most frequently used measure. (cdc.gov)
  • One 5-year study reported that eating 10 grams of soluble fiber per day was linked to a 3.7% reduction in the amount of fat in the abdominal cavity (28Trusted Source). (bodybuilding.com)
  • A unique feature of this study is the utilization of both objective sleep quality measures (obtained by an actigraph-an electronic device that measures the quantity and quality of sleep) and daily work history records which date back to 1960. (cdc.gov)
  • The study found that bigger waist circumference at age 3 raises the likelihood that by age 8, children will have markers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (nyp.org)
Years1
  • In 2012, 15 years after the first and mortality from many noncommu- ganization (WHO), recognizing the Expert Consultation on Obesity was nicable diseases (NCDs). (who.int)
Diet1