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Obesity, AbdominalObesityAbdominal FatWaist CircumferenceWaist-Hip RatioBody Mass IndexMetabolic Syndrome XAbdomenRisk FactorsAnthropometryPrevalenceOverweightCross-Sectional StudiesObesity, MorbidInsulin ResistanceIntra-Abdominal FatCardiovascular DiseasesAdipose TissueBody Fat DistributionBody Weights and MeasuresBlood GlucosePediatric ObesitySex FactorsBody CompositionBody ConstitutionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdiposityMetabolic DiseasesHypertriglyceridemiaHypertensionTriglyceridesThinnessBody WeightLipidsAsian Continental Ancestry GroupLife StyleDyslipidemiasAdiponectinRepublic of KoreaInsulinLiterature, ModernCholesterol, HDLDietLogistic ModelsDiabetes MellitusKyrgyzstanAge FactorsSex DistributionNutrition SurveysBody SizeChinaOdds RatioLeptinCosta RicaWeight LossCohort StudiesBlood PressureBrazilCohort EffectExerciseFood HabitsC-Reactive ProteinHyperglycemiaEnergy IntakeHypoalphalipoproteinemiasHealth SurveysGlucose Tolerance TestJapanFastingWeight GainDietary FatsAge DistributionVisceraKoreaSmokingSocioeconomic FactorsSedentary LifestyleProspective StudiesUnited StatesSampling StudiesGlucose IntolerancePortugalPolandFollow-Up StudiesUrban PopulationRural PopulationMultivariate AnalysisHyperlipidemiasBody HeightAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupLipid MetabolismMexicoRisk AssessmentIranComorbidityCase-Control StudiesLongitudinal StudiesEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupQuestionnairesLinear Models
CircumferenceInsulin resistanceDiabetes mellitusHypertensionCardiovascular diseaseDynapenic abdominal obesityOverweight and obesityEpidemicCentral obesityVisceral ObesityMetabolic syndromeAdultsSubcutaneousAdiposityWomen with abdominal obesityRelation to abdominal obesityOverall obesityReduce abdominal obesityMiddle AgedAndroidIntra-abdominal fatType 2 diabet2022ComplicationsHelp reduce abdominal fatDisordersTriglyceridesSteatosisEffect of abdominalPrevalence of obesitySerumPostmenopausal womenSexesMetabolicallyMorbid obesityTriglycerideNearly tripledPredictiveExcess abdominal fat2019DeterminantsSignificantlyRisk of obesityMeasures of obesityLink between obesityLiverSedentaryHealth hazardSevereGynoidTruncalAnti-obesityGeneral obesityOutcomesBody-mass
Circumference22
Insulin resistance12
Diabetes mellitus4
Hypertension8
  • The clinical manifestations of this syndrome may include hypertension , hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and abdominal obesity . (medscape.com)
  • Obesity is directly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension , and sleep disorders . (cdlnuclear.com)
  • The metabolic syndrome (MS) describes the association, in the same subject, of several traits such as central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, all of them very common conditions in developed countries. (scirp.org)
  • and data 2) to study the association between abdominal fat distribution and other health conditions and risk factors, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and activity and dietary patterns. (cdc.gov)
  • In abdominal obesity, as they carry much of their fat in abdomen, close to the organs such as stomach, liver and kidney and results the following health risk impairment of cardiac dysfunction, hypertension and stroke, diabetes and renal disease, abnormal plasma lipid. (jclmm.com)
  • It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
  • It has been shown that traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome modify the structural and functional characteristics of arteries reducing their compliance and increasing arterial stiffness. (dovepress.com)
  • Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are conditions that exist on a spectrum. (acep.org)
Cardiovascular disease7
  • Abdominal obesity has been strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other metabolic and vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers first started to focus on abdominal obesity in the 1980s when they realized it had an important connection to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal obesity was more closely related with metabolic dysfunctions connected with cardiovascular disease than was general obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. (nature.com)
  • There is a strong correlation between central obesity and cardiovascular disease . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Obesity also contributes to the development and mortality of cardiovascular disease, regardless of other cardiovascular risk factors. (cdlnuclear.com)
  • Because abdominal obesity has such a strong risk-inducing effect, even in people who are overweight or obese based on their BMI, low levels of fat tissue around their midsection and organs may indicate lower cardiovascular disease risks. (cdlnuclear.com)
Dynapenic abdominal obesity2
  • This explains the differences between the sexes, and why dynapenic abdominal obesity affects physical performance more in men. (fapesp.br)
  • Is dynapenic abdominal obesity a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality? (bvsalud.org)
Overweight and obesity3
Epidemic4
Central obesity7
  • Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity and truncal obesity, is the human condition of an excessive concentration of visceral fat around the stomach and abdomen to such an extent that it is likely to harm its bearer's health. (wikipedia.org)
  • An excess of adipose visceral fat is known as central obesity, the "pot belly" or "beer belly" effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. (wikipedia.org)
  • And it is waistline adipose tissue (central obesity) which seems to be the foremost type of fat deposits contributing to rising levels of serum resistin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal obesity , also known as belly fat , pot belly or clinically as central obesity , is excessive abdominal fat around the stomach and abdomen . (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Hence, classifying a subject as having MS would require the presence of central obesity (with different cut-off points depending on the country and ethnic group) in addition to two other criteria, the same as those of the ATP-III. (scirp.org)
  • Contrary to the old dictum that central obesity is more common among men than women, recent reports have shown a gradual reversal of this trend, as suggested by some studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Introduction: Country-specific cut-off points for defining central obesity in black Africans are long overdue. (bvsalud.org)
Visceral Obesity2
  • Interleukin-1 beta: a potential link between stress and the development of visceral obesity. (colorado.edu)
  • 11 , 12 Visceral obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia, leptin-resistance and hypoadiponectinemia configuring a high cardiovascular risk phenotype. (dovepress.com)
Metabolic syndrome5
  • Metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. (scirp.org)
  • The problem with abdominal fat is that it is a very active tissue and releases inflammatory substances that affect the metabolic syndrome, leading to various diseases like fatty liver, metabolic syndrome, and vascular diseases. (pure-product.com)
  • This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Results of previous studies on the effect on glycaemic control of anthropometric measures of obesity, some economic status variables and the presence of metabolic syndrome are not consistent and appear to differ among health institutions. (bvsalud.org)
Adults6
  • Ford ES, Li C, Zhao G, Tsai J . Trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States from 1999-2008. (nature.com)
  • To evaluate the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and the concomitant presence of both outcomes and their determinants among adults living in a rural area. (scielosp.org)
  • Woolcott OO, Seuring T. Prevalence trends in obesity defined by the relative fat mass (RFM) index among adults in the United States: 1999-2018. (jclmm.com)
  • Abdominal obesity is linked to several adverse health conditions, including heart disease, COPD , and restless leg syndrome and having greater abdominal fat typically means having greater visceral fat-the dangerous, deep fat that surrounds your organs-especially in older adults. (dole.com)
  • Separate effects of exercise amount and intensity on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass in adults with abdominal obesity. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017-2018. (msdmanuals.com)
Subcutaneous5
  • Visceral fat, also known as organ fat or intra-abdominal fat, is located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso, as opposed to subcutaneous fat, which is found underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat, which is found interspersed in skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging made it possible to categorize mass of adipose tissue located at the abdominal level into intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat. (wikipedia.org)
  • BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a lack of studies on obesity measured by outer abdominal fat (OAF), which describes abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness with regard to spino-pelvic parameters. (uzh.ch)
  • When exposed to a surplus of calories, those of us who accumulate excess energy in lower body subcutaneous fat appear to be at lower risk of CHD, while those who cannot efficiently clear and store the energy in peripheral depots build up their intra-abdominal fat stores and increase their ectopic fat, a process leading to atherogenic metabolic disturbances that increase CHD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • The researchers looked at data that included measurements of lean muscle, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat (the type of fat you can see and grab hold of) from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and compared that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. (psychologytoday.com)
Adiposity1
  • In addition, the body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body shape index (ABSI), or conicity index (CI) could have a predictive ability for evaluating HTN [ 16 - 19 ], while the ponderal index (PI) could do the same for preHTN [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Women with abdominal obesity2
  • Since abdominal obesity particularly relates to metabolic disease including heart/blood vessel disorder, the middle-aged women with abdominal obesity are divided into basic treatment group and additional abodominal massage group who are subject to different obesity managemant program. (jomes.org)
  • Indeed, many women with abdominal obesity have a healthy BMI. (imsociety.org)
Relation to abdominal obesity1
  • A total of 182 nutrition and lifestyles factors were investigated in relation to abdominal obesity among 7,403 male and 8,328 female participants of the Third U.S. National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III). (nature.com)
Overall obesity3
  • Analyses of data across the years comparing MEP students and non-MEP students show an average prevalence of 44.8% versus 47.7% for overall obesity, 43.2% versus 43.7% for abdominal obesity, 24.7% versus 24.7% for AN, and 29.2% versus 32.8% for HBP. (cdc.gov)
  • Across recruitment and follow-up years, the prevalence of overall obesity, abdominal obesity, and HBP was 1.3 to 1.5, 1.2 to 1.8, and 2.9 to 4.6 times higher in boys than in girls, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Both overall obesity and abdominal obesity were related to incidence of AF in this population-based study, although the relationship for overall obesity was stronger. (lu.se)
Reduce abdominal obesity1
  • Exercise, or a combination of dietary changes and physical activity, has been shown to reduce abdominal obesity in some cases, even in the absence of weight loss. (cdlnuclear.com)
Middle Aged2
  • The obesity ratio has steadily increased due to economic growth coupled with change in diet pattern, causing appearance and health problems against middle-aged women. (jomes.org)
  • They found that middle-aged people with higher measures of abdominal fat scored worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years went by. (psychologytoday.com)
Android6
  • When fat is stored in the abdomen of overweight people, it is called android obesity. (gurze.com)
  • Obesity is said to be android when fat accumulates in the upper part of the body and the abdomen. (gurze.com)
  • When the index obtained is greater than 1.0 for a man and 0.85 for a woman, it is a case of android obesity. (gurze.com)
  • Android obesity is the most complex form of obesity. (gurze.com)
  • Note: the android and gynoid regions described here approximate the regions defined by the APEX software.Android obesity is often referred to as the "apple" shape since the increased fat is in the trunk. (cdc.gov)
  • Since abdominal obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in women, we aimed to investigate the relationship between android fat and hepatic lipid metabolism in pre- and postmenopausal women. (ox.ac.uk)
Intra-abdominal fat2
Type 2 diabet2
  • Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. (sdgln.com)
  • Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. (sdgln.com)
20222
Complications2
  • This article explores the link between obesity and diabetes, the mechanisms behind the connection, complications that can arise, and preventive lifestyle measures and medical interventions to reduce diabetes risk. (sdgln.com)
  • In the United States, obesity and its complications cause as many as 300,000 premature deaths each year, making it second only to cigarette smoking as a preventable cause of death. (msdmanuals.com)
Help reduce abdominal fat2
  • According to the writing group, calorie restriction can help reduce abdominal fat, and aerobic exercise is the most beneficial physical activity for reducing abdominal obesity. (cdlnuclear.com)
  • Meanwhile, there are steps you can take to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental well being. (psychologytoday.com)
Disorders2
  • The lack of magnesium in the body triggers obesity, followed by chronic disorders. (treatforlife.com)
  • Therefore, it is concluded that the abdominal obesity management program adopting diet, physical exercise and behavior correction therapy coupled with abdominal massage using aroma therapy effectively control abdominal obesity and prevent obesity related disorders. (jomes.org)
Triglycerides1
  • There was a statistically significant association of triglycerides and HDL-C with increasing age, female sex, obesity, physical inactivity and poor glycaemic control of diabetes. (who.int)
Steatosis1
Effect of abdominal3
  • Obesity causes decreased tidal volumes due to reduced in chest expansion that is caused both by the weight on the chest itself and the effect of abdominal obesity on flattening the diaphragms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level change significantly in additional abdominal massage group, showing the remarkable effect of abdominal massage. (jomes.org)
  • There is notable change in total antioxidant and AST in additional abdominal massage group, showing the remarkable effect of abdominal massage. (jomes.org)
Prevalence of obesity1
Serum1
  • We found five tentatively replicated factors showing significant associations with abdominal obesity in men: serum α-carotene, β-carotene, serum β-cryptoxanthin, serum vitamin D and vigorous physical activity. (nature.com)
Postmenopausal women2
  • Thirty women were premenopausal aged 35 to 45 and they were matched for abdominal obesity with 28 postmenopausal women aged 55 to 65. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to postmenopausal women, there was a tight control of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride production in premenopausal women, whereby oxidation (rs=-0.49, P=0.006), de novo lipogenesis (rs=0.55, P=0.003), and desaturation (rs=0.48, P=0.012) were closely correlated with abdominal obesity-driven large VLDL-triglyceride secretion rate. (ox.ac.uk)
Sexes1
  • The risk of general and abdominal obesity and concomitant outcomes increased significantly with age in both sexes. (scielosp.org)
Metabolically2
  • Abdominal fat is more active metabolically and generates low-level inflammation, with negative repercussions for muscle function. (fapesp.br)
  • Metabolically healthy general and abdominal obesity. (cambridge.org)
Morbid obesity1
Triglyceride1
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
Nearly tripled1
Predictive2
  • Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
  • Measures of overall weight (BMI, weight) were slightly more predictive than measures of abdominal obesity (waist hip ratio and waist height ratio) both in men and women. (lu.se)
Excess abdominal fat2
20191
  • Magriplis E, Andrea E, Zampelas A. Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity (Second Edition, 2019) The Mediterranean Diet: What it is and its effect on abdominal obesity. (psychologytoday.com)
Determinants3
  • The increasing global trends in obesity and its associated burden of disease indicate a need to identify modifiable determinants of obesity. (nature.com)
  • Our observational investigation that systematically investigates multiple modifiable factors simultaneously has enabled the creation of data-driven hypotheses regarding the possible role of determinants of abdominal obesity and has identified potential avenues for mechanistic investigations to clarify suitable targets of intervention. (nature.com)
  • Menopausal Status and Abdominal Obesity Are Significant Determinants of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Women. (ox.ac.uk)
Significantly1
  • Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender and high levels of sedentary behaviour, regardless of confounding factors. (bvsalud.org)
Risk of obesity1
  • Their offspring tend to have higher birth weights and more body fat, and carry an increased risk of obesity later in life. (karger.com)
Measures of obesity2
  • Conclusion: All measures of obesity were associated with increased risk of developing AF. (lu.se)
  • Fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile components levels as well as anthropometric measures of obesity were measured using standard measuring procedures for these variables. (bvsalud.org)
Link between obesity1
Liver2
  • Abdominal fat belongs to the deep fat layer, which is in close proximity to the heart, kidneys, and liver tissues. (pure-product.com)
  • Furthermore, it is essential to get enough sleep, particularly before midnight, to give the liver enough time to cleanse toxins, break down, and clear all the excess of what we don't need, and it also helps balance the abdominal fat. (pure-product.com)
Sedentary3
  • Considered as by-products of the processes of accelerated urbanization and globalization, the consumption of high energy density foods, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity showed an increase in their prevalences in the last decades in middle- and low-income countries 2 2. (scielosp.org)
  • The association of abdominal obesity and independent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and the magnitude of associations was verified using Binary Logistic Regression in an unadjusted model and adjusted for confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behaviour). (bvsalud.org)
  • Adolescents with abdominal obesity had higher values of body weight, height, body mass index and sedentary behaviour compared to eutrophic individuals. (bvsalud.org)
Health hazard1
  • The relationship between abdominal fat and cardiovascular outcomes demonstrates unequivocally that visceral fat is a health hazard. (cdlnuclear.com)
Severe2
  • Severe obesity occurs at a BMI over 40 kg/m2. (sdgln.com)
  • By contributing to multi-system organ dysfunction, IAH may be insidiously working against the recovery of some of our most critically ill patients and, at its most severe, can develop into abdominal compartment syndrome. (acep.org)
Gynoid2
  • It differs from gynoid obesity, where fat is located more in the thighs and buttocks. (gurze.com)
  • Gynoid obesity is referred to as the "pear" shape with increased fat in the hip and thigh areas. (cdc.gov)
Truncal1
  • The decrease in valid data with age was due primarily to an increase in the number of participants with implants, such as stents and hip replacements and higher rates of obesity resulting in invalid truncal data from "obesity noise. (cdc.gov)
Anti-obesity1
  • Synthetic anti-obesity drugs show side effects and variable effectiveness. (mdpi.com)
General obesity1
Outcomes1
Body-mass2