5 untranslated regions. Medical search. Frequent questions

The 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the recently described non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV) contains a region with sequence homology to the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GB virus B (GBV-B). Here, we demonstrated internal translation initiation by the NPHV 5'UTR in a bicistronic vector. (ox.ac.uk)
Insertion of the NPHV stem-loop into the corresponding region of the HCV 5'UTR within the HCV subgenomic replicon significantly impaired RNA replication, indicating that long-range interactions between the 5'UTR and cis-acting downstream elements within the NPHV genome are not interchangeable with those of HCV. (ox.ac.uk)
5'-untranslated region (5'UTR), the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), non-structural gene 5a (NS5a) and non-structural gene 5b (NS5b). (cdc.gov)
Samples collected from 232 infected calves were phylogenetically classified based on the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). (vetline.de)
Proben von 232 infizierten Kälbern aus den Bundesländern Tirol und Vorarlberg wurden einer phylogenetischen Analyse basierend auf der 5' nicht-translatierten Region (5'UTR) unterzogen. (vetline.de)
Functional relevance of yet another GSTO2 polymorphism, identified at the 5' untranslated (5'UTR) gene region (GSTO2*A183G, rs2297235), has not been clearly discerned so far. (cancerindex.org)

In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. (wikipedia.org)
Several regions of the mRNA molecule are not translated into a protein including the 5' cap, 5' untranslated region, 3′ untranslated region and poly(A) tail. (wikipedia.org)
Regulatory regions within the 3′-untranslated region can influence polyadenylation, translation efficiency, localization, and stability of the mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
The 3′-UTR also has silencer regions which bind to repressor proteins and will inhibit the expression of the mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
For example, poly(A) tail bound PABP interacts with proteins associated with the 5' end of the transcript, causing a circularization of the mRNA that promotes translation. (wikipedia.org)
The 3′-UTR of mRNA has a great variety of regulatory functions that are controlled by the physical characteristics of the region. (wikipedia.org)
This region of the mRNA transcript can range from 60 nucleotides to about 4000. (wikipedia.org)
The long 5'-UTR of GRN mRNA contains an upstream open reading frame (uORF), which is absent in all shorter transcripts. (uni-muenchen.de)
This revealed a selective repression of GRN translation and a reduction of mRNA levels by the 219 nucleotide long 5'-UTR. (uni-muenchen.de)
These sequences typically include the 5′-untranslated region in mRNA including the ribosome binding site (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) and in some cases the start codon (Klinkert and Narberhaus 2009 ). (springer.com)

In addition to length, the nucleotide composition also differs significantly between the 5' and 3′-UTR. (wikipedia.org)
A) in a highly conserved 3 nucleotide motif that forms a loop structure in the iron responsive element (IRE) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). (nih.gov)
In some PCR reactions multiple sequences have identical nucleotide sequences, for example if five PCR products have identical sequences a 5 will be found in this column. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was shown to be depleted in G4 motifs in comparison to the promoter region. (usda.gov)
[ 9 ] They discovered one low frequency single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the noncoding 5' untranslated (UTR) region of the gene RBM8A in 4 of the cases and another low frequency noncoding SNP in the first intron of the same gene. (medscape.com)

In addition to sequences within the 3′-UTR, the physical characteristics of the region, including its length and secondary structure, contribute to translation regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Inference from large, rearranged immunoglobulin transcriptome data sets offers an opportunity to define the upstream regions (5'-untranslated regions and leader sequences). (lu.se)
Finally, based on the outcomes of the analysis, we define a set of testable hypotheses with respect to the placement of particular alleles in complex IGHV locus haplotypes, and discuss the evolutionary relatedness of particular heavy chain variable genes based on sequences of their upstream regions. (lu.se)
Aided by FARS-seq, the team comprehensively identified sequences and structures within the 5′ untranslated region of HIV-1 messenger RNA that regulate the equilibrium between the two conformations. (europa.eu)

Recent analyses of the mammalian transcriptome suggest that most of the genes express multiple alternative 5′-UTRs and inappropriate expression of these regions has been shown to contribute to the development of carcinogenesis. (silverchair.com)
Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40% ( E. faecalis ) and 43% ( E. faecium ) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
A total of 4,761 perfect and 6,583 imperfect SSRs were present in 3,781 genes (14.11% of the total), corresponding to an overall density across the gene space of 32,5 and 44,9 SSRs/Mbp for perfect and imperfect motifs, respectively. (researchgate.net)
We have now established a new data pre-processing procedure to eliminate artifacts caused by a 5'-RACE library generation process, reanalyzed a previously studied data set defining human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, and identified novel upstream regions, as well as previously identified upstream regions that may have been identified in error. (lu.se)
In the recent past, the presence and function of a ROSE-like RNA-thermometer located in the 5′UTR of the rhamnosyltransferase genes rhlAB has been reported in wild type P. aeruginosa . (springer.com)
For this purpose, the non-pathogenic production host P. putida KT2440 containing the rhlAB genes with the native P. aeruginosa 5′-UTR region was used. (springer.com)
Both polypeptide chains are encoded by genes in the HLA-DP, -DQ, or -DR region of chromosome 6. (msdmanuals.com)

Although isolated case reports have shown that variants that create or disrupt uORFs can cause disease, genetic sequencing approaches typically focus on protein-coding regions and ignore these variants. (johnshopkins.edu)
The researchers found many upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5' untranslated region of circadian mRNAs, which is the part of RNA before the so-called "coding sequence" that gets translated by ribosomes into protein. (eurekalert.org)

We have also shown that these alternative ERβ 5′-UTRs have a tissue-specific distribution and are differentially expressed between various normal and tumour tissues. (silverchair.com)

sequence represented the upstream region of the corresponding gene. (eurekamag.com)

On average the length for the 3′-UTR in humans is approximately 800 nucleotides, while the average length of 5'-UTRs is only about 200 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
We identified different GRN transcripts with short (38-93 nucleotides) or long (219 nucleotides) 5'-untranslated regions (UTR) and demonstrate a cellular mechanism, which represses translation of GRN mRNAs with long 5'-UTRs. (uni-muenchen.de)

Several novel upstream region variants were validated, for instance by their segregation to a single haplotype in heterozygotic subjects. (lu.se)
To investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating sst2 gene expression, we cloned the upstream region (9.5 kb) from the translation initiation codon of the rat sst2 gene. (eurekamag.com)

In particular, results from our laboratory suggest that the expression of alternative 5′-UTRs plays a key role in determining the level of ERβ protein expression. (silverchair.com)
In the present study, we have revised the structure of the USH3 gene, including a new translation start site, 5' untranslated region, and a transcript encoding a 232-amino acid protein. (nih.gov)
The specific ability of this GRN 5'-UTR to repress protein expression was further confirmed by its transfer to an independent reporter. (uni-muenchen.de)

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Albers and colleagues applied high-throughput sequencing in 5 unrelated patients with TAR syndrome and the chromosome 1q21.1 deletion. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Subsequently, an interstitial microdeletion of chromosome 1q was identified in 30 patients with TAR syndrome. (medscape.com)

Two transcript variants have been detected which differ in the 5' untranslated region. (thermofisher.com)

The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Post-transcriptional regulation, via 5′-UTRs (5′-untranslated regions), plays an important role in the control of eukaryotic gene expression. (silverchair.com)
We sequenced the EDN1 untranslated regions of a small subset of patients with PAH, predicted the effect in silico, and used a luciferase assay with the different genotypes to analyze its influence on gene expression. (stanford.edu)

Two Short Repeats in the 5' Untranslated Region of Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Factor in Procambarus clarkii ( PcIAG ) That Regulate PcIAG Expression. (bvsalud.org)

G4 motifs peaked around the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR), the first coding domain sequence, and the first intron start sites on antisense strands. (usda.gov)

4, 5 Four QTLs identified as pulmonary adenoma susceptibility (Pas) loci 1-4 have been mapped, respectively, to mouse chromosomes 6, 17, 19, and 9. (bmj.com)

Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) Production Team & Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) Consortium 2019, ' Characterising the loss-of-function impact of 5' untranslated region variants in 15,708 individuals ', Unknown Journal . (johnshopkins.edu)
Sometimes additional numbers are added after a colon to identify allelic variants that encode identical proteins, and after another colon, other numbers are added to denote polymorphisms in introns or in 5' or 3' untranslated regions (eg, A*02:101:01:02, DRB1*03:01:01:02). (msdmanuals.com)

Finally, we used siRNAs against the major transcription factors (TFs) predicted for these regions [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4), and vitamin D receptor (VDR)] to assess EDN1 expression in cell culture and validate the binding sites. (stanford.edu)

To employ phylogenetic dating methods, recombinant regions of a 68-genome sarbecovirus alignment were removed with three independent methods. (nature.com)
Across a large region of the virus genome, corresponding approximately to ORF1b, it did not cluster with any of the known bat coronaviruses indicating that recombination probably played a role in the evolutionary history of these viruses 5 , 7 . (nature.com)
Subsequently a bat sarbecovirus-RaTG13, sampled from a Rhinolophus affinis horseshoe bat in 2013 in Yunnan Province-was reported that clusters with SARS-CoV-2 in almost all genomic regions with approximately 96% genome sequence identity 2 . (nature.com)
The initial PCR reaction amplifies a region of the HCV genome (External primers). (cdc.gov)

untranslated region, lacked TATA and CCAAT boxes, and had multiple transcriptional start sites. (eurekamag.com)

The UTRs that are GC-poor tend to be longer than those located in GC-rich genomic regions. (wikipedia.org)

Haplotype analysis placed the cataract locus to a 5.0 cM region between D19S902 and D19S867, in close proximity to the L-ferritin light chain gene (FTL) on chromosome 19q13.3. (nih.gov)

The IRE is a stem-loop structure within the untranslated regions of mRNAs that encode proteins involved in cellular iron metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
An RNA stem-loop upstream of the NPHV IRES was structurally distinct from corresponding regions in HCV and GBV-B, and was not required for IRES function. (ox.ac.uk)

The annotations in this section provide predicted regulatory regions based on various experimental data. (ucsc.edu)

Another set of elements that is present in both the 5' and 3′-UTR are iron response elements (IREs). (wikipedia.org)

4, 5 The process involves use of many evenly spaced polymorphic DNA markers to create landmarks across each chromosome. (bmj.com)

One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that longer regions have a higher probability of possessing more miRNA binding sites that have the ability to inhibit translation. (wikipedia.org)

The remethylation pathway comprises 2 intersecting biochemical pathways and results in the transfer of a methyl group (CH 3 ) to homocysteine from methylcobalamin, which receives its methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (an active form of folic acid), or from betaine (trimethylglycine). (medscape.com)
This pathway is dependent on adequate intake of vitamin B-6 and the hepatic conversion of vitamin B-6 into its active form, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P). (medscape.com)

A novel human coronavirus (SARS-associated coronavirus [SARS-CoV]) has been isolated from the oropharyngeal specimens of patients with SARS ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

Hepatitis C RNA: Testing for HCV RNA by reverse-transcriptase ¬polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the 5' noncoding region was performed on anti-HCV positive samples. (cdc.gov)

When a variant overlaps an annotation selected here, the consequence term regulatory_region_variant will be assigned. (ucsc.edu)

The heavy chain consists of 2 peptide-binding domains, an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, and a transmembrane region with a cytoplasmic tail. (msdmanuals.com)
each chain has a peptide-binding domain, an Ig-like domain, and a transmembrane region with a cytoplasmic tail. (msdmanuals.com)

Transient transfection analysis with deleted mutants of a luciferase reporter construct showed that the promoter activity was regulated negatively and positively in the distal and proximal promoter regions, respectively. (eurekamag.com)
PMID 15722184 ] Norepinephrine transporter (NET) promoter and 5'-UTR polymorphisms: association analysis in panic disorder. (snpedia.com)

The non-primate hepacivirus 5' untranslated region possesses internal ribosomal entry site activity. (ox.ac.uk)

These results suggest that alternative 5′-UTRs may have an overall influence on ER activity and this may have important implications for our understanding of cancer biology and treatment. (silverchair.com)
rs397751713) and another in the 3'regulatory region (rs2859338) that altered luciferase activity in vitro depending on their genotype. (stanford.edu)

Our results also suggest that alternative 5′-UTRs can influence downstream splicing events, thereby perhaps affecting ERβ function. (silverchair.com)

This is a 1.98kb long DNA sequence containing the ubiquitin promoter and 5' untranslated region from Zea mays. (cbd.int)

Choose from 1 of 9 LDHC antibodies, which have been validated in experiments with 5 publications and 32 images featured in our data gallery. (thermofisher.com)

This is important because an inverse correlation has been observed between the G+C% of 5' and 3′-UTRs and their corresponding lengths. (wikipedia.org)

Crystal structure of activated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxyge nase from green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii complexed with 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate. (bio.net)

Since a plant-derived antibody cocktail to Ebola virus in 2014 had been shown to be effective 5 , more studies and cases have been reported. (nature.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms38

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes99

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5'UTR6

MRNA10

Nucleotide5

Sequences4

Genes7

UORFs2

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Genome4

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Stem-loop2

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IREs1

Chromosome1

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