The BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cell line, noted for its marked postconfluence inhibition of proliferation, anchorage dependence, and high serum requirement, and frequently studied as a prototype nontumorigenic "fibroblast" line that is compared with tumorigenic sublines transformed with various agents, produced tumors within 2 to 3 months when an average of 3 × 10 4 cells were implanted s.c. attached to 1- × 5- × 10-mm polycarbonate platelets. (aacrjournals.org)
The tumors, as well as others arising from implants of BALB/3T3 cells attached to 3-mm glass beads, were given the histological diagnosis of "vasoformative saroma" because the tumor cells frequently formed vascular channels. (aacrjournals.org)
The vasoformative pattern and the results of specific staining for reticulin and collagen support the likelihood that BALB/3T3 cells originated from endothelial cells rather than from fibroblasts. (aacrjournals.org)
We conclude that BALB/3T3 cells are preneoplastic and give rise to different spontaneously transformed clones bearing unique tumor rejection antigens when implanted in vivo attached to a solid substrate. (aacrjournals.org)
The kinetics of acidification of diferric human transferrin in BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells were determined by flow cytometry using a modification of the fluorescein-rhodamine fluorescence ratio technique. (pnas.org)
This cell line was established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures in the same manner as the original random bred 3T3 and the inbred BALB/c 3T3. (abcam.com)
Although previous measurements indicated that these transfected cells maintain a higher pHin in the absence of HCO3-, whether H(+)-ATPase transfection raised the pHin under physiologically relevant conditions was not known. (pnas.org)
Here we show that cotransfection, but not solo transfection, of expression plasmids for c-src and either adenovirus E1A, v-myc, c-myc, or the 5' half of polyomavirus large T (pltN) antigen into NIH 3T3 cells induces anchorage-independent growth, enhanced focus formation, and, for pltN cotransfection, tumorigenicity in adult NFS mice. (asm.org)
This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's. (sciencemag.org)
pp60c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, does not completely transform cells even when present at high levels, but has been shown to be involved in polyomavirus-induced transformation when activated by polyomavirus middle T (pmt)-antigen binding. (asm.org)
The established NIH/3T3 line was subjected to more than 5 serial cycles of subcloning in order to develop a subclone with morphologic characteristics best suited for transformation assays. (abcam.com)
Nickel-refining fumes may induce the changes in the state of ROS, which may eventually initiate oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis of NIH/3T3 cells. (mdpi.com)
Wang Y, Wang S-Y, Jia L, Zhang L, Ba J-C, Han D, Yu C-P, Wu Y-H. Nickel-Refining Fumes Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis of NIH/3T3 Cells via Oxidative Stress. (mdpi.com)
The culture of embryonic Swiss mouse fibroblast cells presented in the digital image above was labeled with MitoTracker Red CMXRos and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin, targeting the mitochondrial network and filamentous actin, respectively. (microscopyu.com)
This transient refractory state was accompanied by a total conservation of long-term viability of these cells at least for the next 6 h following serum and drug addition. (aacrjournals.org)
Effects of treatment with serum-free medium and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH) on the cell cycle of simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 fibroblasts, designated SV-3T3 cells, were studied and compared with simultaneous effects on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase and incorporation of [ 3 H]mevalonic acid into cholesterol, Coenzyme Q, and dolichol. (aacrjournals.org)
Only the MBD2 cell lines were highly tumorigenic and invasive when injected into Nude mice while also showing a remarkable ability to invade and degrade bone tissue when injected into the tibia of SCID mice. (aacrjournals.org)
Immunohistochemical studies with polyclonal antibodies directed against protein kinase C further indicate that TPA treatment of NIH 3T3 cells does significantly enhance the amount of protein kinase C found tightly associated with the nucleus and cytoskeleton, whereas exposure of HL-60 cells to TPA does not appreciably alter the amount of protein kinase C observed to be associated with the nuclear fraction. (aacrjournals.org)
This may result in differential responses by different cell types during exposure to tumor promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Long-term viability of these cells was completely suppressed after a short exposure to the drugs. (aacrjournals.org)
For comparison, in quiescent cells, all four of the inhibitors of cell cycle progression tested (anti-Ras, anti-cyclin D1, serum removal, and cycloheximide) became ineffective at essentially the same point in G 1 phase, approximately 4 h prior to the beginning of DNA synthesis. (asm.org)
These studies demonstrate a fundamental difference in mitogenic signal transduction between quiescent and cycling NIH 3T3 cells and reveal a sequence of signaling events required for cell cycle progression in proliferating NIH 3T3 cells. (asm.org)
This point of commitment to cell cycle progression, termed the restriction point, is generally observed several hours before the initiation of S phase. (asm.org)
Foremost among the positive proliferative signaling pathways in fibroblast-like cells is the one involving peptide growth factors and cellular Ras ( 30 ). (asm.org)
Soluble extracts prepared from quiescent Swiss mouse 3T3 cells that had been briefly exposed to various mitogens exhibited a 2- to 3-fold elevation in phosphorylating activities toward ribosomal protein S6 and a synthetic peptide, Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala (RRLSSLRA), patterned after a phosphorylation site sequence from S6. (semanticscholar.org)
It was suggested that the phosphocholine arises from constitutive hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase C, an activity that would also account for the elevated 1,2-diacylglycerol found in ras-transformed cells. (asm.org)
The cellular concentration of phosphocholine has been reported to be significantly elevated in Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells, but not in v-sis transformants (J. C. Lacal, J. Moscat, and S. A. Aaronson, Nature [London] 330:269-271, 1987). (asm.org)
In order to analyze whether some of the products in the mevalonic acid biosynthetic pathway may be of importance in the control of G 1 traverse and cell proliferation of SV-3T3 cells, cholesterol, Coenzyme Q, and dolichol were added as supplements to cells treated with 25-OH. (aacrjournals.org)
Indeed, since the overall length of the cell cycle appears to depend in large part on the length of the G 1 phase, it is likely that this cell cycle period must be compressed as much as possible for rapid proliferation, potentially requiring the transfer of activities present in the G 1 phase of quiescent cells to other cell cycle periods when they continuously cycle ( 26 ). (asm.org)
The TPA-mediated association (activation) of protein kinase C to the nuclear and cytoskeletal fractions with NIH 3T3 cells is further supported by the enhanced phosphorylation of specific endogenous proteins noted when purified nuclei and cytoskeletal preparations are incubated with [γ- 32 P]ATP. (aacrjournals.org)
For example, passage through G 1 phase in quiescent and proliferating cells exhibits several important molecular differences, including expression of the cyclin-inhibitory protein p27 kip1 ( 3 ), Cdc6 ( 42 ), and Fos and related proteins ( 14 ), and formation of a complex between E2F and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-related p130 ( 19 , 34 ). (asm.org)
Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell Iysate displays proteins expressed in bovine kidney and PC12 (rat phaeochromocytoma) cell Iysate can be expected to mirror the protein expression of cells and tissues of neuroectodermal origin. (exalpha.com)
In contrast, while ellipticine and its derivatives caused identical effects in cells recovering from serum starvation, BD-40 and BR-1376 did not block cells in G 2 phase and did not prevent the completion of the first division round occurring after serum addition to quiescent cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Interestingly, in quiescent cells the restriction point is identical to the G 1 arrest point induced by other conditions, including protein synthesis inhibitors and amino acid deprivation ( 29 ). (asm.org)
While results obtained with quiescent cells are important, there is reason to believe the situation might be different for cells continuously progressing through the cell cycle. (asm.org)
A431, a human epidermoid carcinoma cell line, and the EGF-stimulated A431 Iysates are used as negative and positive controls, respectively, when studying the phosphorylation cascade initiated by ligand binding to receptor tyrosine kinases. (exalpha.com)
Treatment of intact NIH 3T3 cells with 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) causes a rapid redistribution (stabilization) of protein kinase C to the particulate fraction. (aacrjournals.org)
An apparently pure nuclear fraction prepared from NIH 3T3 cells was found to contain 25-30% of the total membrane-associated protein kinase C activity when isolated in the presence of Ca 2+ . (aacrjournals.org)
Nuclei purified from untreated human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells contain higher amounts of chelator-stable, detergent-extractable protein kinase C activity compared with control NIH 3T3 cells. (aacrjournals.org)
However, TPA treatment of HL-60 cells does not enhance the amount of protein kinase C found tightly associated with the nuclear fraction. (aacrjournals.org)
Evidence for GO induced autophagy includes increased levels of isoform B-II microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), aggregation of green fluorescence protein-tagged LC3, and increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles in cells. (biomedsearch.com)
One of the earliest events in the response of mammalian cells to mitogens is activation of Na+/H+ exchange, which increases intracellular pH (pHin) in the absence of HCO3- or at external pH values below 7.2. (pnas.org)
Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. (sciencemag.org)
To extend these studies to cycling cells, a time-lapse approach was used to determine the approximate cell cycle position of individual cells in an asynchronous culture at the time of inhibitor treatment and then to determine the effects of the inhibitor upon recipient cells. (asm.org)
Introduction: Cancer cells are hallmarked by global DNA hypomethylation and regional hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. (aacrjournals.org)
Inhibition of MBD2 attenuates tumorigenesis, metastasis, and reverses the hypomethylation of metastatic genes in cell culture and in vivo. (aacrjournals.org)
Genes involved in tumorgenesis, bone degradation, or with no known function that were induced in both MBD2 and HA-Ras expressing cell lines were chosen for further study. (aacrjournals.org)
Knocking down selected candidate genes' mRNA in MBD2 overexpressing NIH-3T3 cells resulted in attenuated tumorigenesis while knocking down MBD2 in HA-RAS cells significantly reduced these genes' expression levels. (aacrjournals.org)
Moreover, the effect is not specifically a function of the presence of the viral genome, but is a reflection of the overall growth rate and physiological state of the cell. (sciencemag.org)
We also show that these cells are serum-independent for growth and that they glycolyze much more rapidly than phenotypically normal cells. (pnas.org)
When the cells were exposed to serum-free medium, there was no depression of activity of HMG CoA reductase, and the rate of [ 3 H]mevalonic acid incorporated into dolichol and cholesterol was not affected in any appreciable degree. (aacrjournals.org)
A similar decrease in Coenzyme Q synthesis was also achieved by treating the cells with cholesterol-poor serum. (aacrjournals.org)
Considered together with the fact that the activity of HMG CoA reductase and incorporation of mevalonic acid into dolichol were unaffected following serum-free treatment, the results suggest that maintenance of a certain level of de novo synthesis of dolichol may contribute to the capability of SV-3T3 cells to proliferate in serum-free medium. (aacrjournals.org)
This lack of effect was not related to an impaired drug uptake by cells recovering from serum starvation or by a dramatic change in drug distribution inside the cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Autophagy usually serves as a survival mechanism in response to stress conditions, but excessive induction of autophagy results in cell death. (biomedsearch.com)
The effect of 25-OH on the cell cycle traverse was correlated to a substantial decrease in the activity of HMG CoA reductase, whereas there was no change in the rate of [ 3 H]mevalonic acid incorporated into cholesterol, Coenzyme Q, and dolichol. (aacrjournals.org)
The current report shows that these transfected cells do maintain a higher pHin than control cells in the presence of HCO3-, supporting the possibility that elevated pHin is a proliferative trigger in situ. (pnas.org)
Several assays revealed that the MBD2 cell lines, but not the mutant nor the control cell lines, were transformed and highly invasive in cell culture. (aacrjournals.org)
we found that the IRS-1 overexpressing cells grow more rapidly than control cells do. (biomedsearch.com)
Using DNAs from a panel of Chinese hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids together with in situ hybridization protocols for gene mapping studies, we have found that these DM-associated, amplified DNA sequences originate from mouse chromosome 10, region C1-C3. (springer.com)
Both drug series were found to stop cell growth and block cells in G 2 phase in exponentially growing cultures and cultures released from a thymidine double block. (aacrjournals.org)
The cell cycle requirements for peptide growth factors have been demonstrated in cells rendered quiescent by growth factor deprivation ( 24 ). (asm.org)
At a certain point following stimulation to reenter the cell cycle, the continued presence of a variety of growth factors became unnecessary for continuation through G 1 phase and the initiation of DNA synthesis ( 25 ). (asm.org)
The restriction point is thus defined as the last point at which positive proliferative signals are required for completion of the cell cycle. (asm.org)
In addition, the time required between the restriction point and initiation of S phase (near 4 h in the case of the cells used in this study) is nearly as long as the entire G 1 phase when these cells are actively cycling. (asm.org)
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Cycloheximide treatment, like anti-cyclin D1 microinjection, was inhibitory throughout G 1 phase (which lasts a total of 4 to 5 h in these cells). (asm.org)
Novel techniques were used to determine when in the cell cycle of proliferating NIH 3T3 cells cellular Ras and cyclin D1 are required. (asm.org)
Kinetic analysis and a novel dual-labeling technique were used to confirm the differences in cell cycle requirements for Ras, cyclin D1, and cycloheximide. (asm.org)