2001 g1 phase cell cycle checkpoints. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. (wikipedia.org)
Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met. (wikipedia.org)
Progression through these checkpoints is largely determined by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by regulatory protein subunits called cyclins, different forms of which are produced at each stage of the cell cycle to control the specific events that occur therein. (wikipedia.org)
As the eukaryotic cell cycle is a complex process, eukaryotes have evolved a network of regulatory proteins, known as the cell cycle control system, which monitors and dictates the progression of the cell through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Those complexes, in turn, activate different downstream targets to promote or prevent cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
The three pocket proteins are Retinoblastoma (Rb), p107, and p130, which bind to the E2F transcription factors to prevent progression past the G1 checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
Positive feedback plays an essential role in regulating the progression from G1 to S phase, particularly involving the phosphorylation of Rb by a Cyclin/CDK protein complex. (wikipedia.org)
Cdh1 was dispensable for viability and cell cycle progression. (elsevierpure.com)
Subphases of G1 include "competence" (to respond to growth factors), G1a (entry into G1), G1b (progression), and G1c (assembly). (wakehealth.edu)
Progression through the G1 subphases is effected by limiting growth factors, nutrients, or inhibitors. (wakehealth.edu)
Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
For instance, DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoints delay cell cycle progression until each chromosome is fully replicated and physically intact. (rupress.org)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Breast cancer initiation and progression is a process involving multiple molecular alterations, many of which are reflected by changes in gene expression in malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
12 The activation of cyclin/CDK complex accelerates cell cycle progression, which are regulated by phosphorylation. (jcpjournal.org)
Protein expression of the pRb and p53 pathways and related molecules that directly or indirectly influence cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase checkpoint was assessed. (gsdermatology.com.au)
Garcinol treatment resulted in a strong reduction in H3K18 acetylation, which is required for S phase progression. (biomedcentral.com)
By exogenously modulating its activity, we demonstrate that PP1α is required to maintain CHK1 in a dephosphorylated state and, more importantly, that it is responsible for the accelerated replication fork progression in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells. (oncotarget.com)
Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Mol Cell Biol. (proteopedia.org)
J Cell Biol (2007) 179 (7): 1337-1345. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2005) 169 (6): 841-846. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2003) 163 (4): 729-741. (silverchair.com)
J Cell Biol, 72 (3). (cshl.edu)
Mol Biol Cell, 26 (8). (cshl.edu)
J Cell Biol, 167 (1). (cshl.edu)

regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of p220(NPAT) by cyclin E/Cdk2 in Cajal bodies promotes histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
The accumulation of hTopBP1 on chromatin and its subsequent interaction with hRad9 lead to cell cycle arrest, a process mediated by Chk1 phosphorylation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
The α subunits of protein prenyltransferases consist of tetratricopeptide repeats and are part of the tetratricopeptide repeat superfamily [ 5 ], which also includes functionally diverse proteins involved in transcription, co-chaperoning, protein transport, cell-cycle control and phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we demonstrate that the S phase checkpoint protein CHK1 is maintained in a low phosphorylation state in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells and provide evidence that this is not due to negative control of its primary kinase ATR. (oncotarget.com)

Furthermore, treatment of s.c xenografts derived from A549 cells with intratumor injections of terpinen-4-ol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control group. (hindawi.com)

In a discussion of the paper, David H. Wang, MD, PhD, an associate professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, pointed out that "zolbetuximab is the first molecularly targeted therapy, exclusive of immune checkpoint inhibitors, to demonstrate a statistically significant survival benefit in first-line treatment of advance gastric cancer since trastuzumab. (medscape.com)

and the M (mitosis) phase, during which the duplicated chromosomes (known as the sister chromatids) separate into two daughter nuclei, and the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a full copy of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G 1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
The G 2 gap phase further separates S-phase from mitosis, allowing for continued cell growth and maturation before cell division. (rupress.org)
Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
Here, we challenge this view and show that HPV-18 E2 over-activates the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) and induces DNA breaks in mitosis followed by aneuploidy. (docksci.com)

and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)

The cell cycle checkpoints play an important role in the control system by sensing defects that occur during essential processes such as DNA replication or chromosome segregation, and inducing a cell cycle arrest in response until the defects are repaired. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we found that Cdh1 -1- cells fail to maintain DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest and that Cdh1-APC is activated by X-irradiation-induced DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)
However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G1, resulting in abrogation of G1, arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27Kipl. (elsevierpure.com)
Thus, activation of Cdh1-APC plays a crucial role in both cdk inhibitor-dependent G1 arrest and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest. (elsevierpure.com)
In addition, we investigated several cell cycle-related proteins and found that co-knockdown of hTopBP1 and hMYH significantly diminished cell cycle arrest due to compromised checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that G0/G1 phase arrest was induced following pristimerin treatment in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, which was strongly associated with upregulation of p21 and p27, coupled with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, pristimerin induced significant apoptosis of CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, alongside decreased levels of caspase‑3 and specific cleavage of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. (jcpjournal.org)
EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. (jcpjournal.org)
EESR possessing antioxidant activity efficiently inhibits proliferation of HT29 cells by inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
6 , 7 Therefore, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is being an important preventive strategy against cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
Whereas damage signals of cells activate p53 via CHK2 to repair damaged DNA, leading to cell cycle arrest. (jcpjournal.org)
While exploring the molecular changes associated with strong ST efficacy in breast cancer cells, we observed that ST induced cell cycle arrest as well as cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
ST caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest which was accompanied by a decrease in CDK4 and cyclin D1, and an increase in p21/Cip1and p27/Kip1 protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Garcinol treatment alters expression of chromatin modifying enzymes in MCF7 cells, resulting in reprogramming of key histone and p53 PTMs and growth arrest, underscoring its potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent. (biomedcentral.com)

In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
We had also found that ERK1c translocates to the Golgi at the G2 to M phase transition, but the molecular mechanism underlying this recruitment remains unknown. (biologists.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
Floral transition is a critical event in the life cycle of a flowering plant as it determines its reproductive success. (biomedcentral.com)
We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)
M transition in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)

8 , 9 Cell cycle program is regulated by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. (jcpjournal.org)
Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)
Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)

The main mechanism of action of the cell cycle checkpoints is through the regulation of the activities of a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which bind to different classes of regulator proteins known as cyclins, with specific cyclin-CDK complexes being formed and activated at different phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) plays an important role in DNA replication and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) signaling cascade is an important pathway involved in the checkpoint control mechanism [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and its orthologs play important roles in DNA replication and checkpoint control [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Stranglehold on the spindle assembly checkpoint: the human papillomavirus E2 protein provokes BUBR1-dependent aneuploidy. (docksci.com)
Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
Stathmin1 ( STMN1) is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein known as oncoprotein 18 involved in the regulation of the cell cycle as the protein that destabilizes microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)

Compared to the eukaryotic cell cycle, the prokaryotic cell cycle (known as binary fission) is relatively simple and quick: the chromosome replicates from the origin of replication, a new membrane is assembled, and the cell wall forms a septum which divides the cell into two. (wikipedia.org)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

During early G1, there are three transcriptional repressors, known as pocket proteins, that bind to E2F transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
The E2F gene family is a group of transcription factors that target many genes that are important for control of the cell cycle, including cyclins, CDKs, checkpoint regulators, and DNA repair proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
hTopBP1 and hMYH were involved in ATR-mediated Chk1 activation, moreover, both of them were associated with ATR and hRad9 which known as checkpoint-involved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of ATR phosphorylates a number of downstream proteins that coordinate the cell cycle checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
For E-MDA-MB- 231, down-regulation of catalase, paraoxonase-2 (PON2), clusterin, an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and cell stress proteins validated the notion that E-cadherin re-expression enhances TZT anti-cancer efficacy. (eurekaselect.com)
This phenotype is associated with interaction of E2 with the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) proteins Cdc20, MAD2 and BUBR1. (docksci.com)

Ectopic expression of DOCK8 regulates lysosome-mediated pancreatic tumor cell invasion. (mayo.edu)

In order to systematically discover transcriptional activity associated with the hair growth cycle, we profiled mRNA expression at a genome-wide level over multiple time points corresponding to morphogenesis and two synchronized hair growth cycles. (aging-us.com)
Comparing these transcriptional responses provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms cells use in the differentiation between types of DNA damage and the potential consequences of different sources of damage. (biomedcentral.com)

All living organisms are the products of repeated rounds of cell growth and division. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, hTopBP1 constitutes an important part of the ATR signaling pathway and acts as a molecular bridge that associates the independently recruited 9-1-1 and ATR-ATRIP complexes, thereby leading to checkpoint activation [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for it were evaluated and studied, respectively on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (hindawi.com)
Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of S. rufopilosa (EESR) and to determine the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. (jcpjournal.org)
This study provides valuable insight into the chemopreventive efficacy and associated molecular alterations of ST in breast cancer cells whereas it had only moderate efficacy on lung cancer cells and did not show any considerable effect on skin cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular markers of prognosis and therapeutic response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (gsdermatology.com.au)
Identifying molecular targets of prognostic and therapeutic significance in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) may help direct novel therapies to patients whom it is most likely to benefit. (gsdermatology.com.au)
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 19 (7). (cshl.edu)

Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)
Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Pristimerin exhibited potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on the OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and SCC-25. (spandidos-publications.com)
Aims: The aim of this study was to sensitize the resistant breast adenocarcinoma cells towards Tumour Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. (eurekaselect.com)
Objective: Therefore, this research investigated whether the combination of Trichostatin A (TSA) and Zebularine (Zeb) (TZ) followed by TRAIL (TZT) could sensitize the human breast adenocarcinoma cells towards apoptosis. (eurekaselect.com)
The cells were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and FITC-Annexin V/Propidium Iodide apoptosis detection prior to proteome profiling. (eurekaselect.com)
Results: Based on morphological observation, apoptosis was induced in all cells treated with all treatment regimens though it was more evident for the TZT-treated cells. (eurekaselect.com)
Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Beginning after completion of hair morphogenesis (postnatal day 14 in the mouse), hair growth cycles commence with catagen, an involution process of the hair follicle during which the majority of its epithelial compartments undergo apoptosis [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Cancer cells can grow unusually via limitless number of cell division and can avoid apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
Further, cell death effect of ST was associated with induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Extracts prepared from Trametes versicolor under the trade name of I'm-Yunity exhibit anti-tumorigenic activities, as supported by inhibition of the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Accordingly, pre-treatment with 350 nM LSD1 inhibitor for 3 days followed by exposure to serial dilutions of ruxolitinib led to synergistic growth inhibition in non-DS-AMKL and ML-DS cell lines (Supplementary Fig. 4 ), as well as in all ML-DS patient samples (Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
In MDA-MB-231 cells, ST caused a significant dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by 31- 63% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 48 h and 40-50% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)

however, the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of pristimerin in oral cancer cells have not yet been identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results are consistent with previous studies and demonstrate that our methodology is effective for studying cooperative mechanisms in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibitory effect of EESR on cancer cell growth and proliferation was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. (jcpjournal.org)
Cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, FACS, JC-1 staining, annexin V staining and immunoblotting were used to study the efficacy of ST on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Cosibelimab is a high-affinity, fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) of immunoglobulin G1 subtype that directly binds to PD-L1. (page-meeting.org)
SAN FRANCISCO ― An experimental monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy could offer a new standard of care for patients with claudin-18.2+ (CLDN18.2+) / HER2− advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (mG/GEJ) adenocarcinoma, say researchers in reporting a phase 3 trial. (medscape.com)
Zolbetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the cell surface molecule CLDN18.2, which is expressed in normal gastric mucosa cells and is retained in mG/GEJ tumor cells. (medscape.com)

While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)

In the lack of DNA harm, H3K56Ac can be then eliminated genome-wide on induction of Hst3 and Hst4 manifestation during following G2/M and G1 stages (Maas 2006). (wwec2012.net)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)

To investigate the function of Cdh1 in vertebrate cells, we generated clones of chicken DT40 cells disrupted in their Cdh1 loci. (elsevierpure.com)
In vertebrate cells, sister chromatids are associated along their length from their formation in S phase through metaphase. (silverchair.com)

Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
Most of the identified module pairs cover cooperative pathways and components essential to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)

Among lung cancers, nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
90% are squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Effects of E2F-1 over-expression in squamous cell carcinomas after UVA irradiation. (gsdermatology.com.au)
Head and neck cancers account for 3% of all newly diagnosed cancers, of which 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). (gsdermatology.com.au)
Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)

In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, with over 40,000 new cases per year in the US. (medscape.com)
Comparison of clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in United Kingdom and Australia. (gsdermatology.com.au)

Therefore, we suggest that the interaction between hMYH and hTopBP1 is crucial for activation of the ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)

In S. cerevisiae , origin licensing occurs by the assembly during G1 phase of a pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) at each potential origin. (nature.com)
Pds5p and the cohesin complex are required for sister chromatid cohesion and localize to the same chromosomal loci over the same cell cycle window. (silverchair.com)
Golgi fragmentation is a highly regulated process that allows division of the Golgi complex between the two daughter cells. (biologists.com)

The decision to commit to a new round of cell division occurs when the cell activates cyclin-CDK-dependent transcription which promotes entry into S phase. (wikipedia.org)
P107 and p130 act as co-repressors for E2F 4 and E2F 5, which work to repress transcription of G1-to-S promoting factors. (wikipedia.org)
We previously showed that constitutive overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor Spi1/PU.1 leads to pre-leukemic cells that have a shortened S phase duration with an increased replication fork speed and increased mutability in the absence of DNA breaks. (oncotarget.com)

Notably, terpinen-4-ol was able to increase p53 levels in A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Notably, we found that the expression of the CHK1 phosphatase PP1α is increased in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells. (oncotarget.com)

SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)

Therefore, in this study, the anticancer effects of terpinen-4-ol were evaluated on two NSCLC cell lines, namely, A549 and CL1-0 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (hindawi.com)
The A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and CL1-0 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco′s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotic antimycotic. (hindawi.com)
Methods: The breast adenocarcinoma cells, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and E-MDA-MB-231 (E-cadherin re-expressed MDA-MB-231) were treated with TSA, Zeb, TZ, TRAIL and TZT. (eurekaselect.com)
In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we evaluated the efficacy of ST on three different human cancer cell lines including skin epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cells and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231. (biomedcentral.com)
This is one of the longest median overall survival outcomes for patients with locally advanced mG/GEJ adenocarcinoma in phase 3 trials, Shitera emphasized. (medscape.com)

Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)

Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)

PD-L1 is an immune-inhibitory checkpoint molecule that may be expressed by cancer cells, thereby evading the body's immune response. (page-meeting.org)

Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)

A yeast cell cycle pulse generator model shows consistency with multiple oscillatory and checkpoint mutant datasets. (duke.edu)
Using the yeast cell cycle as an example, we identified 101 cooperative module associations among 82 modules, and importantly, we established a cell cycle-specific cooperative module network. (biomedcentral.com)

Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
In fact, several studies have shown that T2D induces senescence in multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

A key issue is how cells pair sister chromatids but preclude the catastrophic pairing of nonsister chromatids. (rupress.org)

It was revealed as early as in the 1930s that the behavior of the whole chromosome and its fragments in cells varies. (actanaturae.ru)

The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (nature.com)

This system acts like a timer, or a clock, which sets a fixed amount of time for the cell to spend in each phase of the cell cycle, while at the same time it also responds to information received from the processes it controls. (wikipedia.org)
These results provide a global view of the cell cycle and the method can be used to discover the dynamic coordination properties of functional components in other cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many genetic-susceptibility factors, environmental triggers, antigen-antibody responses, B-cell and T-cell interactions, and immune clearance processes interact to generate and perpetuate autoimmunity. (medscape.com)

Cell viability/proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, immunodetection of specific histone and p53 acetylation marks, western blotting, siRNA and RT-qPCR. (biomedcentral.com)

But as the mouse ages, the hair growth cycles become progressively less synchronized [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)

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Health Care3

Progression22

Biol7

Phosphorylation8

Inhibited tumor1

Inhibitors1

Mitosis7

Metaphase-to-anaphase transition1

Arrest16

Transition8

Kinase3

Protein8

Eukaryotic3

Proteins7

Regulates1

Transcriptional2

Living organisms1

Molecular8

Apoptosis13

Inhibition3

Mechanisms2

Assay2

Monoclonal antibody3

Mechanism1

Genome2

Vertebrate cells2

Pathways4

Gene1

Tightly regulated1

Carcinomas6

Regulation1

Neck squamous cell carc2

Activation3

Complex3

Transcription3

Notably3

Chk11

Adenocarcinoma6

Pathway1

Malignant2

Molecule1

Embryonic stem1

Yeast cell cycle2

Senescence2

Sister chromatids1

Chromosome1

Binds1

Processes4

Flow cytometry1

Progressively1