• The endangered Florida panther ( Puma concolor coryi ) had an outbreak of infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in the early 2000s that resulted in the deaths of 3 animals. (cdc.gov)
  • During 2001-2004, an outbreak of infection with FeLV was documented in Florida panthers ( 19 ). (cdc.gov)
  • These disorders are characterized by an extreme susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. (medscape.com)
  • Several ND10 components are rapidly recruited to sites that are closely associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes during the earliest stages of infection, and this property correlates with the efficiency of ND10 mediated restriction of HSV-1 replication. (mdpi.com)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
  • China is one of the countries with the highest number of hepatitis B virus infections in the world, however, no nationwide cohort study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of HDV infection. (researchsquare.com)
  • This report describes generation of a recombinant Sudan virus and demonstrates its utility by quantifying antibody cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after human infection or vaccination with a licensed Ebola virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we revisit the use of rodent-adapted and non-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) in mice to investigate infection tolerance and future utility of these models in pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Human infection with Sosuga virus (SOSV), a recently discovered pathogenic paramyxovirus, has been reported in one individual to date. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we describe initial characterization of experimental infection in Syrian hamsters, including kinetics of virus dissemination and replication, and the corresponding clinical parameters, immunological responses, and histopathology. (cdc.gov)
  • The pathogenesis involves defective FAS -induced apoptosis, which, in turn, leads to dysregulation of lymphocyte homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • On basis of pBR-XJ160, the effects of substitutions within nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) or nsP2 on the infectivity and pathogenesis of Sindbis virus (SINV) have been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to the relative difficulty and risk of handling these dangerous pathogenic alphaviruses, Sindbis virus (SINV), that normally causes a mild rash and arthritis in humans but can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in mice, has been used extensively as a model system for the study of the infectivity and pathogenesis of alphaviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data support future investigations of pathogenesis, convalescence, and sequelae in mouse models of virus tolerance. (cdc.gov)
  • Horizontal transmission of FeLV-B is rare in domestic cats and is believed to require co-transmission with FeLV-A as a helper virus because of its replication-defective nature ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
  • E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The idea behind this study is to place the Ad5 E1 region in cis complementation (i.e., use E1 as a transgene) back into an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus under the control of a prostate-specific promoter (PSP). (hindawi.com)
  • These viruses are defective, only undergoing productive replication in cells that are co-infected with another DNA virus, most commonly an adenovirus, which modifies the host environment in multiple ways that are essential to enable the AAV life cycle: by themselves AAVs are not associated with any known pathology. (ictv.global)
  • Under certain conditions, for example in the presence of DNA damaging agents, limited AAV replication can also be detected in the absence of helper viruses. (ictv.global)
  • Poxviridae are linear, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • RNA viruses replicate as mutant distributions termed viral quasispecies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we have developed XJ-160 virus-based vector system, including replicon vector, defective helper (DH) plasmids and the packaging cell lines (PCLs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease. (cdc.gov)
  • These genes are synergistic and are physically closely linked. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both SAP and XIAP are closely located at chromosome Xq25, suggesting a possible functional link between the genes. (medscape.com)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of a region of the FeLV env gene during this outbreak indicated a single circulating FeLV strain, likely following introduction of the virus from a domestic cat ( 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of some large double-stranded RNA replicons from plants suggests they evolved from a defective single-stranded RNA virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here we apply for the first time phylogenetic methods and Partition Analysis of Quasispecies (PAQ) to monitor genetic distances and intra-population structures of mutant spectra of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) quasispecies subjected to mutagenesis by base and nucleoside analogues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most phylogenetic relationships among RNA viruses have been established using the consensus (or population) genomic sequences that represent a weighted average of multiple, closely related sequences present at each time point, in each virus sample obtained for analysis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a common pathogenic infectious disease responsible for high mortality rates for domestic cats, particularly before development of effective vaccines in the 1980s ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • An early study documented that complexity of the coronavirus murine hepatitis virus quasispecies influenced the pathogenic potential of this virus for mice [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Theoretically, a large tumor burden could be effectively eradicated using a small dose of an oncolytic virus. (hindawi.com)
  • A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
  • Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Transcripts related to the human carcinoembryonic antigen were found in mRNA isolated from both dimethylbenzanthracene-induced and mouse mammary tumor virus-induced mammary tumors. (shengsci.com)
  • Six other species ( Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus B , Avian dependoparvovirus 1 , Chiropteran dependoparvovirus 1 , Pinniped dependoparvovirus 1 , Squamate dependoparvovirus 1 and Squamate dependoparvovirus 2 ) in this genus contain viruses with genomes that resemble those of AAV and are either known to be helper-virus dependent or are thought likely to be. (ictv.global)
  • They reveal the crystal structure of the virus surface protein gp120 from the simian immunodeficiency virus, which is closely related to HIV.The researchers studied the structure of the protein as it is before it binds to a helper T cell, a type of immune cell that HIV infects. (fieldofscience.com)
  • One of these, gp120, is a surface viral protein and is particularly diabolical, and crucial for the virus to bind and recognise helper T cells. (fieldofscience.com)
  • The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
  • Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
  • Senescence occurs because during respiration reactive oxygen species are produced that limit the life span and over time defective mitochondrial DNA can accumulate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
  • However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 ยท Chapter 9. (who.int)
  • The type species, Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A , includes adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) 1-4 and 6-13, which infect primates and have genomes flanked by terminal repeat sequences (TRs) of ~145 nt, ending in T-shaped ~125 nt hairpin telomeres. (ictv.global)
  • Viruses from these species infect a wide range of mammalian, avian or reptilian hosts. (ictv.global)
  • X-ray and cryo-EM image reconstructions have been used to determine the structures of AAV variants 1-9 (sometimes called "serotypes" and including viruses from two different species, Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A and Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus B ), recombinant AAV vectors carrying foreign genetic information (rAAVs), capsid mutants, or any of the above complexed with specific antibodies, glycans or other receptors, at high resolution. (ictv.global)
  • Cowpox virus "scarification" by Jenner, used to induce protective immunity against smallpox, is not a single species but a group of up to 5 virus species that infects cows, humans, and other animals. (medscape.com)
  • Sindbis viruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses, belonging to the genus of Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae that has more than 30 members [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus , in the Poxviridae family (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • As an example, a study with a poliovirus mutant which displays a -3-to 5-fold higher template-copying fidelity than the wild type documented that a narrow mutant spectrum impeded the virus to reach the brain of susceptible mice and produce neuropathology [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sindbis virus genome is a single strand of positive-sense RNA of approximately 12 kb which is capped at the 5' terminus and polyadenylated at the 3' terminus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regarding the family, it is grouped within the Retroviridae family, viruses that have the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase (TR) - responsible for transcribing the RNA genome into complementary DNA (cDNA), being the subfamily Orthoretrovirinae ( 2 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
  • Known loss- and gain-of-function mutations map closely to the hormone-binding site. (nature.com)
  • The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular fingerprints show that genotypes of bovine and human isolates are not similar but instead indicate that human and ovine (sheep) strains are more closely related. (bmj.com)
  • Development of lethal models of Ebola virus disease has been achieved by the serial passage of virus isolates from human cases in mice and guinea pigs. (cdc.gov)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • For anyone interested in this work, i also suggest some research done using micelles with the CD4 receptor implanted to "trick" the HIV virus into binding it. (fieldofscience.com)
  • Recombinant plasmid pBR-XJ160 is an infectious full-length cDNA clone of XJ-160 virus, from which rescued virus BR-XJ160 can be obtained by transcription in vitro and transfection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar to other SINVs, XJ-160 virus causes fever, rash, and arthritis in humans but causes an age-dependent encephalitis in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Use of mice infected with non-adapted virus has been limited due to the absence of overt clinical disease. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, XJ-160 virus possesses some special biological characteristics, for example, we found that XJ-160 virus can be neutralized by anti-Sindbis antibody, but SINV can't be neutralized by anti-XJ-160 antibody, i.e. it has nonreciprocal serological reaction between XJ-160 virus and SINV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. (cdc.gov)
  • The quantifications provide evidence that extinction does not imply unusual increases of intrapopulation complexity, in support of the lethal defection model of virus extinction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the divergence of nucleotide sequencing and biological characteristics, Sindbis virus can be divided into two groups: SINV and Sindbis-like virus (SINLV) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current study was undertaken to assess HDV genotype distribution and determine clinical characteristics of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among HBsAg positive individuals in Shanghai. (researchsquare.com)
  • The first clue to the emergence of HIV-2 came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but previously distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in West Africa ( 4 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
  • In the next few years, researchers began looking more closely at the cialis soft review and potential use of gene therapy. (bluelamp-foundation.org)
  • The original FeLV virus outbreak strain is either still circulating or another domestic cat transmission event has occurred with a closely related variant. (cdc.gov)
  • However, nucleotide difference between XJ-160 virus and prototype Sindbis virus (AR339 strain) is 18%, much more than the nucleotide difference (2~7%) among the Sindbis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More than 240 million people throughout the world are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and approximately 15-25 million are co-infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV), a satellite virus which requires HBV envelope proteins for particle assembly and spread [1] . (researchsquare.com)
  • The BR-XJ160 virus raised in BHK-21 cells was indistinguishable from the XJ-160 virus in its biological properties, including its plaque morphology, growth kinetics and suckling mouse neurovirulence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)
  • Unlike other DNA viruses, the variola virus multiplies in the cytoplasm of parasitized host cells. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • AAV virion structures have been studied in great detail, in part because many of these viruses are being developed as vectors for the clinical treatment of genetic disorders involving a broad range of differentiated human cell types. (ictv.global)
  • In 2001, more than six million lambs, pigs and cattle died during the European foot-and-mouth disease epidemic which was linked to the feeding of uncooked food waste to animals.4. (sciencewriters.ca)
  • Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) causes a life-threatening disease with up to a 40% mortality rate. (cdc.gov)
  • These results show that LMP1 , mour viruses classified by IARC in EBV-specific T-cell response. (who.int)
  • Discount soft cialis be that a gene therapy with good results could eventually be done by means of viruses but that the technical challenges would outweigh those of making such a therapy safe and practical. (bluelamp-foundation.org)
  • This new virus, described as HIV-2, was closely related to a virus that caused immunodeficiency in captive monkeys in sub-Saharan Africa. (scielo.sa.cr)
  • Tragically, one of the lead authors on the Harvard paper is Don Wiley , a biochemist who was found dead in 2001 under sudden and suspicious circumstances. (fieldofscience.com)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • Forensic microbiology is a scientific area that has emerged with the need to investigate biocrimes, as in the case of intentional transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (scielo.sa.cr)
  • The need for the study of microbiological expertise can be applied in biocrimes linked to the transmission of microorganisms intentionally, such as the intentional transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a pathogen that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). (scielo.sa.cr)
  • decreases were seen in tissues and mucosal secretions, critically decreasing potential for virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • This increase in the body of data on virophage not only revealed the diversity of the virophage group, but also the relevant ecological impact of these small viruses and their potential role in the dynamics of the microbial network. (mdpi.com)
  • cell for the virus is placed in a mu- studies costly and difficult. (who.int)
  • TIL from huPBL-NSG animals closely matched the features of TIL recovered from primary human prostate cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rab11 often links vesicles to molecular motors, and this study finds that loss of the microtubule motor dynein also leads to defective Neuroglian and Ppk26 degradation. (sdbonline.org)
  • The variola virus is a large, brick-shaped, double-stranded DNA virus that serologically cross-reacts with other members of the poxvirus family, including ectromelia, cowpox, monkeypox, vaccinia, and camelpox. (medscape.com)
  • Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • fiber-optic, videos have allowed in the system that operating one virus brings the respect of receiving branches( cf. (arizonaquailguides.com)