2000 gene cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
At the same time, we found an increase in the expression of ElrC, a marker of cells as they undergo a transition from proliferation to differentiation. (xenbase.org)
Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Id2a-dependent defects in retinoblast proliferation lead to microphthalmia and to an absence of nearly all differentiated inner and outer nuclear layer cell types. (biologists.com)
PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. (oncotarget.com)
The MYC-repressed MYCLos are implicated in MYC-modulated cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation. (oncotarget.com)
Mnt overexpression suppressed cell cycle entry and cell proliferation, suggesting that the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max is critical for cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
These results demonstrate that Mnt-Myc antagonism plays a fundamental role in regulating cell cycle entry and proliferation. (silverchair.com)
HIV-1 expression induces cyclin D 1 and phospho-pRb (Ser780) expression in infected podocytes, suggesting that HIV-1 activates cyclin D1-dependent cell-cycle mechanisms to promote proliferation of infected renal epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
In comparison to the two general alternative mechanisms utilized by known transforming viruses to promote cell-cycle progression, namely, by activating or bypassing endogenous D-type cyclins (herein, referred to as "cyclin D"), it has not been established whether HIV-1 gene products trigger either cyclin D-dependent or cyclin D-independent proliferation in non-lymphoid tissues [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA replication is a fundamental process essential for cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
miR‑223 and/or PAX6 were overexpressed and knocked down in U251 and U118 cells, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TMZ and cell proliferation under TMZ treatment were used as measures of TMZ chemoresistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results demonstrated that overexpression of miR-223 in GBM cells markedly decreased TMZ-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and increased TMZ IC50, which could be abolished by overexpression of PAX6. (spandidos-publications.com)
On the other hand, knocking down miR‑223 in GBM cells with antagomir significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of TMZ on GBM cell proliferation and decreased the TMZ IC50, which could be abolished by knockdown of PAX6. (spandidos-publications.com)
In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that TMZ inhibits GBM cell proliferation by inhibiting the expression of miR‑223, which leads to increased expression of tumor suppressor PAX6. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study aimed to investigate the potential interaction among TMZ, PAX6 and miRNAs in GBM cells and assess its impact on GBM cell proliferation for, to the best of our knowledge, the first time. (spandidos-publications.com)
Emodin's anticancer effects are mediated through several mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
We found that the expressed TRα1 inhibited ATC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
10] Interestingly, this analysis found no differences in expression of proliferation markers between these subsets of CD207+ cells, consistent with the hypothesis that LCH may be a disease of abnormal cellular accumulation. (medscape.com)

Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
1. Artelt P, Grannemann R, Stocking C, Friel J, Bartsch J, Hauser H. The prokaryotic neomycin-resistance-encoding gene acts as a transcriptional silencer in eukaryotic cells. (koreamed.org)
Halbleib JM, Sääf AM, Brown PO, Nelson WJ "Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Encoding Structural Characteristics of Differentiating Enterocytes During Development of a Polarized Epithelium In Vitro. (openwetware.org)
Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
In the nucleus, R-SMAD-SMAD4 complexes cooperate with transcriptional coregulators that further define target gene recognition and transcriptional regulation. (shu.edu)
In order to systematically discover transcriptional activity associated with the hair growth cycle, we profiled mRNA expression at a genome-wide level over multiple time points corresponding to morphogenesis and two synchronized hair growth cycles. (aging-us.com)
At its core are the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 (ARNTL), which form a heterodimer and activate target genes containing E-boxes in their enhancer regions, including Periods (Per1, 2 and 3) and Cryptochromes (Cry1 and 2). (aging-us.com)
Recently, many studies have revealed versatile functions of lncRNAs in gene expression modulation through various routes such as transcriptional, posttranscriptional, posttranslational and epigenetic regulation [ 10 , 11 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The oncogenic activity of Myc family proteins is initiated when their transcriptional regulation is disrupted by events such as gene amplification and gene translocation, which typically lead to elevated cellular Myc levels. (silverchair.com)
HIV-1-infected podocytes showed markedly elevated cyclin D 1 mRNA and cyclin D 1 protein, the latter of which did not down-regulate during cell-cell contact or differentiation, suggesting post-transcriptional stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein levels by HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (containing ~22 nucleotides) that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
However, the proteins needed for transcriptional control have been reported to be immunogenic and there is often a substantial leakage in the systems (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)

Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
The importance of STAT activation to growth control in experiments using anti-sense molecules or dominant negative STAT protein encoding constructs performed in cell lines or studies in animals lacking specific STATs strongly indicate that STATs play an important role in controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
while Stats 3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression and cellular transformation and preventing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Beginning after completion of hair morphogenesis (postnatal day 14 in the mouse), hair growth cycles commence with catagen, an involution process of the hair follicle during which the majority of its epithelial compartments undergo apoptosis [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Through the genome-wide regulation of gene expression, MYC is involved in diverse cellular processes including cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and genomic instability [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
This gene product is involved in cell cycle progression, p53-mediated apoptosis, transcription activator of several other oncogenes [ 4 ] and DNA repair [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These differences were found in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell signaling, metastasis, and myeloid differentiation. (medscape.com)

Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
REV-ERBα regulates transcription of Bmal1 and other target genes by binding to retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (ROREs) [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
The clock genes that we identified as upregulated in telogen/early anagen were all CLOCK/BMAL1 target genes, including Pers, Dbp and Rev-Erbα. (aging-us.com)
Here, we show that c-Myc induction during cell cycle entry leads to a transient decrease in Mnt-Max complexes and a transient switch in the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max on shared target genes. (silverchair.com)
miRNAs normally cleave mRNA by base-pairing to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the target genes ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The Yokomori laboratory investigates the mechanisms of chromosome structural organization and how they affect DNA repair and gene regulation in human health and disease. (uci.edu)
Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
Zhao J, Kennedy BK, Lawrence BD, Barbie DA, Matera AG, Fletcher JA, Harlow E. NPAT links cyclin E-Cdk2 to the regulation of replication-dependent histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Soen Y, Mori A, Palmer TD, Brown PO "Exploring the regulation of human neural precursor cell differentiation using arrays of signaling microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)
In higher eukaryotes DNA methylation acts as another method for the regulation of gene expression (Costello and Plass, 2001). (thermofisher.com)
1997). DNA methylation has also been shown to play a central role in gene imprinting, embryonic development, x-chromosome gene silencing, and cell cycle regulation. (thermofisher.com)
De-regulation of cell-cycle control, in particular G 1 - to S-phase transition, is implicated in the pathogenesis of most types of human cancer, including ovarian cancer ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)

J Cell Biol (2001) 153 (3): F5-F7. (rupress.org)
Steen and Collas 2001 (this issue) now provide some tantalizing data that links nuclear lamina organization to cell survival. (rupress.org)

In contrast, in many cancerous cell lines and tumors, where growth factor dysregulation is frequently at the heart of cellular transformation, the STAT proteins (in particular Stats 1, 3 and 5) are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated or activated. (nih.gov)
It was found that the C . crescentus genome encodes for more two-component signal transduction proteins that assist in cell cycle progression than any other bacterial genome sequenced so far. (kenyon.edu)
Several two-component signal transduction proteins are involved in the cell cycle progression by accumulating at one or both poles "in a spatial and temporal pattern that is reproduced during each cycle" (Jacobs-Wagner 2003). (kenyon.edu)
Throughout the cell cycle, the chromosome progressively goes from being fully methylated to hemimethylated during DNA replication - this results in differential binding of regulatory proteins to activate or repress transcription. (kenyon.edu)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
These proteins attach to protein fragments (peptides) outside the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)

Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 ( Xic1 ) impairs neuronal differentiation and increases the number of ElrC (+) progenitor cells in Xenopus tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
To investigate whether p27(Xic1) is necessary for cell cycle exit and/or neuronal differentiation, we used antisense morpholino oligos (MO) to knockdown the protein levels in vivo. (xenbase.org)
Mosaic analyses reveal that Id2a function in facilitating both cell cycle progression and neuronal differentiation in the retina is non-cell-autonomous, suggesting that Id2a functions upstream of the extrinsic pathways that regulate retinogenesis. (biologists.com)
Thus, exogenous AhR induced catecholaminergic differentiation in N2a-Rα cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The excessive activation of AhR resulted in neural differentiation of Neuro2a cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated AhR may disrupt the strictly regulated brain formation with irregular differentiation occurring rather than cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

Timeless (tim) is a gene in multiple species but is most notable for its role in Drosophila for encoding TIM, an essential protein that regulates circadian rhythm. (wikipedia.org)
Timeless mRNA and protein oscillate rhythmically with time as part of a transcription-translation negative feedback loop involving the period (per) gene and its protein. (wikipedia.org)
The length of the coding region of the Drosophila timeless gene is 4029 base pairs, from which a 1398 amino acid protein is transcribed. (wikipedia.org)
This process leads to the rapid degradation of the TIM protein, allowing organisms to entrain at dawn to environmental cycles. (wikipedia.org)
In light-dark cycles, TIM protein level decreases rapidly in late night/early morning, followed by the similar but more gradual changes in PER protein level. (wikipedia.org)
In some cell types, the photoreceptor protein cryptochrome (CRY) physically associates with TIM and helps regulate light-dependent degradation. (wikipedia.org)
In the zebrafish, rprma mRNA is expressed in the olfactory placodes (OP) and olfactory epithelium (OE), rprmb is observed in the tectum opticum (TeO) and trigeminal ganglion (Tg), whereas rprml is found primarily in the telencephalon (Tel). At protein level, RPRM is present in a subset of cells in the OP, and neurons in the OE, TeO, hindbrain and sensory peripheral structures. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, zebrafish is very well-suited for systematic analysis of gene expression patterns at transcript level by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH), and at protein level by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (IHC/IF). (frontiersin.org)
Herein we examine the temporal and spatial expression patterns of RPRM gene-products (mRNA and protein) during neural development. (frontiersin.org)
The other project involves the study of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human p53 gene that results in either arginine (R) or proline (P) at position 72 of the p53 protein. (mdanderson.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene ID: 5925, OMIM 614041 ) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor protein. (molvis.org)
The nuclear lamina is a thin (20 nm) yet insoluble protein meshwork that, in higher cells, lines the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope (NE). (rupress.org)
Cells have a protein on their surface called PD-1 (in orange above). (shu.edu)
This was studied by using the CtrA gene, which encodes for an important cell cycle regulatory protein. (kenyon.edu)
Vaccination by direct injection of lentiviral vector was more effective in sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1-knockout (SAMHD1-knockout) mice, suggesting that lentiviral vectors containing Vpx, a lentiviral protein that increases the efficiency of dendritic cell transduction by inducing the degradation of SAMHD1, would be an effective strategy for the treatment of chronic disease in humans. (jci.org)
MYC is a transcription factor regulating global gene expression through heterodimerization with the protein myc-associated factor X (MAX) [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The tumor suppressor gene p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (CDKN2A) is located within the chromosomal region 9p21 and encodes a cell-cycle protein that is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)-4 and -6. (iiarjournals.org)
The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
The HLA-DQB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQA1 . (medlineplus.gov)
One of these haplotypes, known as DQ2, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQB1 gene variants known as HLA-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DQB1*02:02 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*05:01 or HLA-DQA1*05:05 . (medlineplus.gov)
The other haplotype, known as DQ8, is composed of the protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene variant known as HLA-DQB1*03:02 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*03:01 or HLA-DQA1*03:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
WBV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in number of developing follicles, and decrease in circulating estradiol concentrations, ovarian luteinizing hormone receptor protein levels, and marked changes in transcript levels for several factors involved in follicular development, cell cycle, and steroidogenesis. (cdc.gov)
In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. (lu.se)
Efforts have therefore, designed a study to compare the expression of green ¯uor- been made to develop systems based on different drugs or hormones escent protein (GFP) and GDNF under the control of the hGFAP including tetracycline, rapamycine and progestrone (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)

Burkitt lymphoma, or small noncleaved cell lymphoma, is a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. (medscape.com)
A common deleted region (CDR) in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) affects the long arm of chromosome 20 and has been predicted to harbor a tumor suppressor gene. (elifesciences.org)
Many individuals affected by these disorders possess a shortened form of chromosome 20 that lacks a number of genes. (elifesciences.org)
This deletion is only ever seen in one of their two copies of the chromosome-suggesting that at least some of these genes are essential for survival-but the identity of the gene(s) that are associated with the increased risk of myeloid malignancies is unknown. (elifesciences.org)
have uncovered a key tumor suppressor among those genes frequently lost on chromosome 20. (elifesciences.org)
The genome of Caulobacter crescentus is structured in a circular chromosome and is comprised of 4,016,942 bp encoding for 3,767 genes. (kenyon.edu)
however, chromosome replication begins immediately in the daughter cell with the stalk and when the swarmer loses its tail (Stanford). (kenyon.edu)
Materials and Methods: To investigate both the presence of numerical abnormalities of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in ovarian cancer, we studied 28 cases by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using a DNA p16 probe and an a-satellite probe specific for chromosome 9. (iiarjournals.org)
Conclusion: Numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene deletion are common findings in ovarian cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
Data suggest that the p16 gene, located in the short arms of chromosome 9, may play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. (iiarjournals.org)
The aim of the present study was to determine the significance of this tumor suppressor gene for ovarian tumorigenesis, investigating both numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in 28 cases of ovarian tumors, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. (iiarjournals.org)
This translocation involves the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene on chromosome 14 and the BCL1 locus on chromosome 11. (medscape.com)

The PER/TIM heterodimer negatively regulates transcription of period (per) and timeless (tim) genes. (wikipedia.org)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
At the same time, skin and hair follicles harbor a functional circadian clock that regulates gene expression with a periodicity of approximately twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
AhR regulates the transcription of diverse genes through binding to the xenobiotic-responsive element (XRE). (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, it negatively regulates cyclin-D-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) gene product, thus blocking cell-cycle progression from G 1 -to S-phase ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)

The aberrant cell-cycle progression of HIV-1-infected kidney cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy, however the mechanisms whereby HIV-1 induces infected glomerular podocytes or infected tubular epithelium to exit quiescence are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we ask whether the expression of HIV-1 genes in infected podocytes induces cyclin D 1 and phospho-pRb (Ser780) expression, hallmarks of cyclin D1-mediated G 1 → S phase progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Raw areca nut (RAN) consumption induces oral, esophageal and gastric cancers, which are significantly associated with the overexpression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1/securin and chromosomal instability (CIN). (biomedcentral.com)

The Xenopus p27(Xic1) gene encodes a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor of the Cip/Kip family. (xenbase.org)
The gene, which is called MYBL2 , encodes a transcription factor that helps to control the cell division cycle. (elifesciences.org)

Twenty-three genes, which were differentially expressed between adjacent normal and tumor samples, were selected and analyzed using 24 paired lung adenocarcinoma samples by Q-RT-PCR using two internal controls, DDX5 and GAPDH . (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
Since the molecular mechanism underlying securin upregulation remains unclear, this study intended to investigate the association of securin upregulation with the Rb-E2F1 circuit and epigenetic histone (H3) modification patterns both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
ChIP-qPCR assays were performed to evaluate the recruitment of different histone modifications in the core promoter region of securin gene as well as its upstream and downstream regions. (biomedcentral.com)

Blood cells are produced within bone marrow by specialized stem cells and progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Hafler B.P., Surzenko N., Beier K.T., Punzo C ., Trimarchi J.M., Kong J.H., Cepko C.L. (2012) Transcription factor Olig2 defines subpopulations of retinal progenitor cells biased toward specific cell fates. (umassmed.edu)

This ends the PER/TIM repression of the CLK/CYC-mediated transcription of per and tim genes, allowing per and tim mRNA to be produced to restart the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)
DNA Microarray technology enables us to measure mRNA concentrations in a cell for a large number of genes at the same time. (biomedcentral.com)
Since our mRNA expression studies were performed using whole skin, we asked which compartments of the skin and hair follicles contribute to the robust rhythmic circadian gene expression in telogen. (aging-us.com)
CYP1A1, a typical XRE-regulated gene, mRNA was induced without the application of ligand to the culture medium. (biomedcentral.com)
N2a-Rα cells expressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA as a functional marker of catecholaminergic neurotransmitter production. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, HIV-1 virus deleted of nef failed to induce cyclin D 1 mRNA to the level of other single gene mutant viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

The expression pattern of this gene family has been recently described during zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryogenesis, and primarily locates in the nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we describe in detail the spatiotemporal expression of three rprm genes ( rprma, rprmb , and rprm l) within distinct anatomical structures in the developing peripheral and central nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, we provide a reference dataset describing the expression patterns of RPRM gene products during zebrafish and mouse development as a first step to approach the physiological role of the RPRM gene family. (frontiersin.org)
[ 1 ] The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms recognizes Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration as a new provisional entity that lacks MYC rearrangements but resembles Burkitt lymphoma morphologically, to a large extent phenotypically, and by gene expression profiling. (medscape.com)
We report the isolation of a p27(Xic1) genomic clone and we identify a 5' region capable of driving reporter gene expression specifically in the neural tube and the eye. (xenbase.org)
BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)
Subcellular location of ZAR2 and its expression from the reverse promoter of the BRCA2 gene are stringently regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
One potential mechanism of BRCA2 involvement in breast cancer progression may be through deregulation of the BRCA2 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
By 6 months post-transplantation, the reconstituted mice had developed a clonal myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorder originating from the cells with aberrantly reduced Mybl2 expression. (elifesciences.org)
Myeloid malignancy patients lacking one copy of this gene showed levels of MYBL2 expression that were less than 50% of those in healthy individuals. (elifesciences.org)
This suggests that additional mechanisms must be acting to reduce expression of their remaining copy of the gene. (elifesciences.org)
Hence, this finding reveals a more general role for MYBL2 as it indicates that more patients are likely to be affected by altered expression of this gene. (elifesciences.org)
used gene silencing techniques to reduce the expression of MYBL2 in mice and showed that this induced symptoms of myeloid malignancies in the animals. (elifesciences.org)
Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
A comprehensive understanding of gene expression in human RB is essential for the development of safe and effective new therapies. (molvis.org)
We reviewed published microarray and RNA sequencing studies in which gene expression profiles were compared between human RB and normal retina tissues. (molvis.org)
We investigated the expression of genes of interest using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. (molvis.org)
Expression of DCT was absent or barely detected in retina tissues, various human ocular cells, and major organs. (molvis.org)
The regulatory elements required for this cell-specific gene expression are likely located within its proximal promoter. (molvis.org)
Lamins A and C, in contrast, arise through alternative splicing of the same primary transcript encoded by the LMNA gene, expression of which is developmentally regulated. (rupress.org)
Rubins KH, Hensley LE, Wahl-Jensen V, Daddario Dicaprio KM, Young H, Reed DS, Jahrling PB, Brown PO, Relman DA, Geisbert TW "The temporal program of peripheral blood gene expression in the response of non-human primates to Ebola hemorrhagic fever. (openwetware.org)
Buess M, Nuyten DS, Hastie T, Nielsen T, Pesich R, Brown PO "Characterization of heterotypic interaction effects in vitro to deconvolute global gene expression profiles in cancer. (openwetware.org)
Rinn JL, Bondre C, Gladstone HB, Brown PO, Chang HY "Anatomic demarcation by positional variation in fibroblast gene expression programs. (openwetware.org)
Palmer C, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Brown PO "Cell-type specific gene expression profiles of leukocytes in human peripheral blood. (openwetware.org)
Sood R, Zehnder JL, Druzin ML, Brown PO "Gene expression patterns in human placenta. (openwetware.org)
cnd-1 expression was first detected in neuroblasts of the AB lineage in 14 cell embryos and maintained in many neuronal descendants of the AB lineage during embryogenesis, diminishing in most terminally differentiated neurons prior to hatching. (biologists.com)
Sixty-six Affymetrix microarray slides using lung adenocarcinoma tissue RNAs were analyzed by a statistical re-sampling method in order to detect genes with minimal variation in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Microarrays, by making use of the sequence resources created in genomic projects, are a powerful technology capable of measuring the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously and have dramatically expedited comprehensive understanding of gene expression profiles for disease development. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, microarray technology has been used to compare gene expression profiles between normal and diseased cells and this has led to dramatic advances in the understanding of cellular processes at the molecular level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Various statistical algorithms are available for probe-cell level normalization and expression-value summary. (biomedcentral.com)
An appropriate internal control for Q-RT-PCR should be expressed stably across all data samples and if this is true, measurement of genes relative to the internal control will reflect the real gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The evolution of high throughput technologies that measure gene expression levels has created a data base for inferring GRNs (a process also known as reverse engineering of GRNs). (biomedcentral.com)
Algorithms are applied to both synthetic and real gene expression data from DNA microarrays, and ability to reproduce biological behaviour, scalability and robustness to noise are assessed and compared. (biomedcentral.com)
These levels can be viewed as a snapshot of the expression levels of genes under certain conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to model a GRN, genes are viewed as variables that change their (expression) values in time. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)
Injected lentiviral vector preferentially transduced splenic dendritic cells and resulted in long-term expression. (jci.org)
We extracted gene expression profiles from mouse macrophages from the GEO dataset, GSE152795 using the GEO2R webtool. (degruyter.com)
The activation of exogenous AhR in N2a-Rα cells was confirmed using RNAi, with si-AhR suppressing the expression of exogenous AhR. (biomedcentral.com)
Morphologically, N2a-Rα cells bore spontaneous neurites exhibiting axon-like properties with the localization of NF-H. In addition, cdc42 expression was increased in comparison to the control cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
TMZ reduced the expression level of miR‑223 in a concentration‑dependent manner in U251 and U118 GBM cells, which led to increased expression of PAX6. (spandidos-publications.com)
The expression level of PAX6 reportedly is inversely correlated with the tumorigenicity and invasion of GBM cell lines and is significantly reduced in GBMs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Analysis of the human thyroid cancer database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that THRA gene expression is lost in highly dedifferentiated anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). (bvsalud.org)
A 2010 study comparing gene expression of cells expressing CD207 (a marker of Langerhans cells) in LCH lesions with epidermal CD207+ control cells identified differential expression of more than 2000 genes between these 2 subsets. (medscape.com)
The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. (lu.se)
Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)
An aspect of gene delivery to the brain that is currently being regulate the endogenous GFAP expression in a lesioned brain. (lu.se)

Using loss-of-function and overexpression assays in zebrafish, we demonstrate that Id2a levels modulate retinoblast cell cycle kinetics and thereby influence neuron and glia formation in the retina. (biologists.com)
Higher DNA damage, p53 overexpression, greater delay in cell kinetics and lower GSH levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been demonstrated in heavy RAN chewers than in non-chewers [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overexpression of miR‑223 increases TMZ chemoresistance, while inhibition of miR‑223 with antagomir markedly decreases TMZ chemoresistance in GBM cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Specifically, cnd-1 reporter genes were expressed in the precursors of the embryonic ventral cord motor neurons and their progeny. (biologists.com)
First, the number of motor neurons was reduced, possibly caused by the premature withdrawal of the precursors from mitotic cycles. (biologists.com)
The sleep abnormalities associated with narcolepsy likely result from a loss of particular brain cells (neurons) in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. (medlineplus.gov)

Pausing provides a mechanism to tune these key genes to cellular and external regulatory cues. (nature.com)
This paper performs an analysis of several existing evolutionary algorithms for quantitative gene regulatory network modelling. (biomedcentral.com)
Presented is a comparison framework for assessment of evolutionary algorithms, used to infer gene regulatory networks. (biomedcentral.com)
With a large enough set of snapshots, it should be theoretically possible to uncover the underlying gene regulatory network (GRN) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper concentrates on quantitative modelling of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) using DNA microarray data, as this is more informative than qualitative analysis of biological data. (biomedcentral.com)
Caulobacter also uses DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism in cell cycle progression. (kenyon.edu)
In order to analyze the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms and other mechanisms of Caulobacter , many mutant strains have been made and studied. (kenyon.edu)
Although the Cycling Dof Factors (CDFs) play crucial roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses, how CDF TFs mediate the regulatory network of cold stress response remains largely unexplored in radish. (bvsalud.org)

Although pausing has been connected to extremely rapid and synchronous activation of genes, pausing is also highly associated with constitutively expressed genes that encode signalling and transcription factors. (nature.com)

Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)

The use of viral vectors to deliver foreign genes to the brain is highly logical states in the human brain (Eng et al. (lu.se)

Oncogene (2000). (nih.gov)

The DCs are then pulsed with synthetic peptide or cell lysate and matured with cytokine or TLR agonists. (jci.org)
Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)

Nat Cell Biol. (koreamed.org)
J Cell Biol (2005) 169 (3): 405-413. (silverchair.com)
Front Cell Dev Biol. (lu.se)

Most genes are associated with factors that establish and release paused Pol II and therefore appear to progress through this step, although only a subset of genes appears to be directly regulated by pausing. (nature.com)
Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder derived from a subset of naive pregerminal center cells localized in primary follicles or in the mantle region of secondary follicles. (medscape.com)

Current data indicate that pausing is particularly enriched at genes in signal-responsive pathways. (nature.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
An elaborate network of signaling pathways orchestrates the communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma. (degruyter.com)
These observations raise the possibility that HIV-1 gene products may interact with mitogenic pathways in infected renal epithelium to cause aberrant cell-cycle engagement. (biomedcentral.com)

At least two specific combinations of HLA gene variants (HLA haplotypes) have been found to increase the risk of developing celiac disease, a disorder in which inflammation damages the intestinal tract and other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)

In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)
Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
In this study, we tested whether preventative and therapeutic vaccination could be achieved by direct injection of antigen-expressing lentiviral vector, obviating the need for ex vivo transduction of dendritic cells. (jci.org)

Herein, a total of nine RsCDF genes were identified from the radish genome. (bvsalud.org)

However, the DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes are also found in 30 percent of the general population, and only 3 percent of individuals with the gene variants develop celiac disease. (medlineplus.gov)

The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)

Mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors controlling the G1 phase of the cell cycle are prevalent in various cancers. (koreamed.org)
p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
Compared to controls, cultured podocytes expressing HIV-1 genes, and podocytes and tubular epithelium from hyperplastic nephrons in Tg26 kidneys, had increased levels of phospho-pRb (Ser780), a target of active cyclin D 1 /cyclin-dependent kinase-4/6 known to promote G 1 → S phase progression. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene located on chromosomal region 9p21 frequently is altered in several types of cancer. (iiarjournals.org)

Improved cell metabolism prolongs photoreceptor survival upon retinal-pigmented epithelium loss in the sodium iodate induced model of geographic atrophy. (umassmed.edu)

BRCA2 gene promoter has bi-directional activity, expressing BRCA2 and a novel C4-type zinc finger containing transcription factor ZAR2. (biomedcentral.com)

We find that the DDX5 locus is frequently amplified in breast cancer and that breast cancer-derived cells with amplification of DDX5 are much more sensitive to its depletion than breast cancer cells and a breast epithelial cell line that lacks DDX5 amplification. (aacrjournals.org)
By about 20 weeks, the ureteric bud has formed the ureters , the renal calyces, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules, while the metanephric blastema develops into the nephron itself, which includes the epithelial cells and the podocytes of the Bowman's capsule. (osmosis.org)
Yet, the mechanisms are largely unknown whereby HIV-1 subverts the cell-cycle controls that normally maintain renal epithelial in G 0 . (biomedcentral.com)

Caulobacter crescentus is a single-celled, small bacterium that divides asymmetrically producing cells that differ in structure and function - it is an ideal model system for the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and has been studied thoroughly. (kenyon.edu)

Identified genes, miRNAs, and TFs can be possible drug targets that may be used for the therapeutics. (degruyter.com)

The complex then blocks the positive transcription factors clock (CLK) and cycle (CYC), thereby repressing the transcription of per. (wikipedia.org)

Human BRCA2 gene promoter is active in both the forward and the reverse orientations. (biomedcentral.com)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
This notion has been lent considerable weight in recent years by the findings that lamina and NE defects are linked to a number of human diseases ( Wilson 2000 ). (rupress.org)
The present study explored the effect of TMZ on miR‑223/PAX6 signaling in addition to the effect of miR‑223/PAX6 signaling on TMZ chemoresistance in human GBM cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
We stably expressed TRα1 in two human ATC cell lines, THJ-11T (11T-TRα1 #2, #7, and #8) and THJ-16T (16T-TRα1 #3, #4, and #8) cells. (bvsalud.org)
The HLA-DQB1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
Sozzi E, Nilsson F, Kajtez J, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells . (lu.se)

Current standard methods of curing patients with brain tumors targeted to complete elimination of tumor cells from the body are of low effectiveness. (genescells.ru)
In this discussion article on the basis of the developed hypothesis of induced bioregulation of tumor cells we have proposed a conceptually different methodological concept of therapeutic correction brain tumors - cytoregulatory therapy which is based on using induced regional multipotent stem cells as the main approach in the central nervous system tumors. (genescells.ru)

We have previously shown that p27(Xic1) is expressed in the cells of the neural plate as they become post-mitotic (Development 127 (2000) 1303). (xenbase.org)
This eventually leads to dispersal of A- and B-type lamin homooligomers throughout the mitotic cell ( Gerace and Blobel 1980 ). (rupress.org)
Id2a-deficient retinas possess increased numbers of cells occupying S phase, at the expense of mitotic cells, and kinetic analyses demonstrate that Id2a is required for S-phase progression and/or the transition from S to M phase. (biologists.com)

The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (nature.com)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)

We also demonstrated that the −657 to +411 DCT promoter fragment efficiently directs RB cell-specific transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in cell lines. (molvis.org)

Furthermore, simultaneous Cre-Lox mediated deletion of Mnt and c-Myc in mouse embryo fibroblasts rescued the cell cycle entry and proliferative block caused by c-Myc ablation alone. (silverchair.com)
In all cases, the p16 gene deletion was observed. (iiarjournals.org)
Among them, 25 cases presented deletion of p16 gene in 21.43%-86.3% of the examined cells. (iiarjournals.org)
In five cases with p16 gene deletion, homozygous deletion was detected. (iiarjournals.org)
Loss of function of the p16 gene has been reported to occur mainly by homozygous deletion, mutation or aberrant DNA methylation of the promoter of the region ( 5 - 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Among the methods used for cytogenetic evaluation was the FISH technique for p16 gene deletion. (iiarjournals.org)

In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)

Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
But as the mouse ages, the hair growth cycles become progressively less synchronized [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)

In normal cells and in animals, ligand dependent activation of the STATs is a transient process, lasting for several minutes to several hours. (nih.gov)
N2a-Rα cells exhibited constant activation of the exogenous AhR. (biomedcentral.com)

When PD-1 binds to PD-L1 (yellow) on another cell, the T cell becomes deactivated. (shu.edu)

The timeless gene is an essential component of the molecular circadian clock in Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
1 Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78722, USA. (biologists.com)
There are few studies focusing on the molecular analysis of p16 gene in ovarian cancer ( 13 - 16 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Unlike the Drosophila timeless gene, homologs have been discovered in other species that are non-essential for circadian rhythm. (wikipedia.org)
As part of the circadian clock, timeless is essential for entrainment to light-dark (LD) cycles. (wikipedia.org)
This work, therefore, indicates a role for circadian clock genes in a cyclical process of much longer periodicity than twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
The chronotherapy concept takes advantage of the circadian rhythm of cells physiology in maximising a treatment efficacy on its target while minimising its toxicity on healthy organs. (numdam.org)

XREs are found in the promoter region of a variety of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased trimethylation of H3 lysine 4 and acetylation of H3 lysine 9 and 18 both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene were observed by increasing the levels of lysine-N-methyltransferase 2A, lysine-acetyltransferase, EP-300 and PCAF after RAN treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

These gene editing technologies were targeted to the first exon of each gene, to induce frameshifts producing premature termination codons. (koreamed.org)
Lentiviral vector-based dendritic cell vaccines induce protective T cell responses against viral infection and cancer in animal models. (jci.org)

The mechanism and function of heterochromatin disruption in FSHD muscular dystrophy is another area of research, in which we perform single cell/nucleus analyses to isolate and characterize a small number of disease-driving cells and are developing 3D and tissue on a chip to measure intrinsic defects of FSHD and CRISPR-engineered mutant myocytes. (uci.edu)

Cell cycle dysfunction can cause severe diseases, including neurodegenerative disease and cancer. (koreamed.org)
On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
Most cancer cells have PD-L1 on their surface and escape being killed by turning off the T cell in this way. (shu.edu)
Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)
Recent high-impact research has shown the genomic/genetic differences between cancer and normal cells using methods such as next-generation sequencing [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
L'étude menée en Iraq a utilisé la méthode d'hybridation in situ pour déterminer la fréquence du papillomavirus humain et pour son génotypage dans les échantillons de tissus prélevés auprès de 129 patientes ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer du sein malin, de 24 patientes porteuses d'une tumeur du sein bénigne et de 20 femmes témoins en bonne santé. (who.int)
Ths estmate was derved essental y of cancer too, mutatons of known genes are not from the observaton of consderable between- suffcent to account for all heredtary factors (Kony country dfferences n specfc-cancer mortalty and et al. (who.int)
High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy25

Organisms13

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proliferation24

Transcriptional15

Apoptosis9

Target genes5

Regulation10

20012

Proteins7

Differentiation6

Protein28

Chromosome12

Regulates7

Induces3

Encodes2

Differentially expressed1

Histone3

Progenitor cells2

MRNA7

Expression56

Overexpression3

Neurons3

Regulatory8

Encode1

Lesions1

Viral vectors1

Oncogene1

Cytokine2

Biol3

Subset3

Pathways4

Tissues1

Dendritic cells3

Genome1

Variants1

Cellular1

Cyclin depend4

Metabolism1

Transcription factor1

Epithelial3

Mechanisms1

MiRNAs1

Repressing the transcription1

Human9

Tumors2

Mitotic3

Replication2

Reporter1

Deletion6

Embryonic stem1

Progressively2

Activation2

Binds1

Molecular3

Circadian4

Promoter region2

Induce2

Tissue1

Cancer10