Juraschek SP, Coresh J, Inker LA, Rynders GP, Eckfeldt JH, Selvin E. The effects of freeze-thaw on beta-trace protein and beta2-microglobulin assays after long-term sample storage. (cdc.gov)
To explore the structural basis of this m144 function, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of an m144/beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) complex at 1.9A resolution. (rcsb.org)
No consistent evidence was found for intergroup differences in proximal renal tubule function as measured by urinary beta2-microglobulin or retinol binding protein. (cdc.gov)
Crystal structure of beta2 microglobulin. (medscape.com)
Prevalence and Associations of Beta2-Microglobulin Mutations in MSI-H/dMMR Cancers. (bvsalud.org)
Antigen5
A correlation was found between individual changes in serum beta 2-microglobulin levels and individual changes in serum p24 antigen levels during the first 48 weeks of treatment (p less than 0.05). (bmj.com)
In this group during a period of more than one year before disease progression median serum beta 2-microglobulin levels increased from 2.5 mg/l to 3.3 mg/l (p = 0.03) and median CD4+ cell counts decreased from 0.3 x 10(9)/l to 0.08 x 10(9)/l (p = 0.03), while in that period the pattern of serum p24 antigen levels was inconsistent. (bmj.com)
Although the variability in serum beta 2-microglobulin levels appeared to make this marker unsuitable for management decisions in individuals, a decline in beta 2-microglobulin levels was found to parallel a decline in p24 antigen levels during the early phase of zidovudine treatment. (bmj.com)
Moreover, after prolonged treatment, rising beta 2-microglobulin levels--in contrast to p24 antigen levels--were shown to have predictive value for disease progression. (bmj.com)
MHC Class 1 and 2 molecules encode for proteins that are directly involved in presentation of antigen. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
Diagnostic testing for multiple myeloma includes obtaining the β2 microglobulin level, for this level is an important prognostic indicator. (wikipedia.org)
This is because the beta 2 microglobulin test showing beta 2 microglobulin level in an elevated state is a sign of one the most deadly cancers called multiple myeloma. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Beta 2 microglobulin in multiple myeloma is used to actually stage the disease, an exercise that will only result in a patient knowing how long he or she has to live. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Beta-2-microglobulin, the light chain of the major histocompatibility complex class I (HLA 1, MHC I) serves as a tumour marker in cases of multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphatic leukaemia, and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. (orgentec.com)
Low serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin essentially indicate decreased disease activity in conditions for which beta 2 microglobulin is used as a prognostic marker ( multiple myeloma , lymphoma, leukemia ) or the absence of such a disease process. (medscape.com)
Beta 2 microglobulin is a component of certain panels, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphoma, or multiple myeloma prognostic/monitoring panels. (medscape.com)
What is a beta-2 microglobulin tumor marker test? (medlineplus.gov)
A beta-2 microglobulin tumor marker test measures the amount of a protein called beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) in your body fluids. (medlineplus.gov)
A beta-2 microglobulin tumor marker test can't diagnose cancer or any other condition. (medlineplus.gov)
A beta-2 microglobulin tumor marker test is most often used if you have been diagnosed with certain cancers of the bone marrow or blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Why do I need a beta-2 microglobulin tumor marker test? (medlineplus.gov)
A beta-2 microglobulin test usually uses a sample of your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects during long-term zidovudine treatment. (bmj.com)
beta 2-microglobulin levels were determined in the serum of 18 initially asymptomatic HIV-1 p24 antigenaemic subjects who were treated with zidovudine (+/- acyclovir) and who were followed for 2 1/2 years. (bmj.com)
The median serum beta 2-microglobulin level at week 0 was 2.5 mg/l and decreased to 2.3 mg/l after 12 weeks of treatment (p = 0.001). (bmj.com)
Beta(2)-microglobulin as a negative growth regulator of myeloma cells. (scienceopen.com)
Goat Anti Human Beta 2 Microglobulin Polyclonal Affinity Purified from Innovative Research is a polyclonal antibody in Liquid format, buffered in Phospate buffered saline, pH 7.2 with 0.1% sodium azide. (innov-research.com)
The anti-Beta 2-Microglobulin forms a single precipitin band with purified Human Beta 2-Microglobulin using immunoelectrophoretic and gel diffusion techniques. (innov-research.com)
Beta 2-microglobulin test, also known as the B2M test is an effective tumor marking diagnostic investigation. (targetwoman.com)
Beta 2 Microglobulin is a protein that is found in the cell membrane. (targetwoman.com)
Beta 2 Microglobulin predominantly associates with heavy chains of the immunoglobulin belonging to the major histocompatibility (condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue) cells of class I origin. (targetwoman.com)
Beta 2 microglobulins are remarkable with respect to initiating cellular immunity. (targetwoman.com)
Clinical manifestations associated with the beta 2-microglobulin factors are predominantly associated with vital organ functionalities. (targetwoman.com)
Raised beta microglobulin levels indicate the presence of disorders pertaining to kidneys, which is a primary indication of renal failure. (targetwoman.com)
Linkage relationships of the HL-A system and beta 2 microglobulin. (ox.ac.uk)
Beta-2 microglobulins are proteins that are present on the surface of cells. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
The increased values of beta -2 microglobulin in blood and urine is suggestive of tumour and renal disorder. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
beta-2 microglobulin values in urine tell about disorders related to renal filtration. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
Beta-2 microglobulin levels are measured in both serum and urine to distinguish problem cellular activation from renal disorder. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
In normal conditions, beta-2 microglobulins are freely filtered over glomeruli as they are low molecular proteins. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
In renal disease there is more excretion of beta-2 microglobulin protein leading to increased levels in urine. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
In the tumour marker test Beta-2 microglobulin levels are measured in body fluids. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
The beta-2-microglobulin-spot-urine test measures beta-2 microglobulin in body fluids. (redcliffelabs.com)
Beta-2-Microglobulin is an ELISA test for the quantitative determination of beta-2-microglobulin in human serum, plasma, or urine. (orgentec.com)
Other diseases (infections, autoimmune diseases) that involve activation of the cellular immune system also cause increased beta-2-microglobulin concentrations in serum. (orgentec.com)
Beta-2-microglobulin is also used as a marker for evaluating the glomerular filtration rate, for the diagnosis and monitoring of tubulointersticial kidney damage, for monitoring kidney function after a kidney transplant, and monitoring HIV infections. (orgentec.com)
The wells of the microplate are coated with highly specific antibodies against human beta-2-microglobulin. (orgentec.com)
Objective: To evaluate the serum beta-2 (β2) microglobulin as a biomarker to predict diabetic nephropathy. (fortunepublish.com)
Their random blood sugar (RBS), serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), serum beta- 2 (β2) microglobulin and urinary microalbumin levels were measured. (fortunepublish.com)
Serum beta-2 (β2) microglobulin level is significantly high in diabetic nephropathy. (fortunepublish.com)
The healthy range of beta-2 microglobulin is 0.9 - 3.0 mg/l. (randox.com)
Cutting edge: HLA-B27 can form a novel beta 2-microglobulin-free heavy chain homodimer structure. (ox.ac.uk)
Despite the absence of beta 2-microglobulin, HLA-B27 heavy chain homodimers (termed HC-B27) were stabilized by a known peptide epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
HC-B27 homodimer formation might explain the ability of HLA-B27 to induce spondyloarthropathy in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibodies that detect TGF beta-2 can be used in several scientific applications, including Western Blot, immunohistochemistry (paraffin), ELISA, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (frozen). (caslab.com)
These antibodies target TGF beta-2 in human, mouse and rat samples. (caslab.com)
Our polyclonal, recombinant polyclonal and monoclonal TGF beta-2 antibodies are developed in rabbits and mice. (caslab.com)
These antibodies were checked by Knockdown to confirm specificity to TGF beta-2. (caslab.com)
Find the TGF beta-2 antibody that fits your needs. (caslab.com)
Choose from 1 of 15 TGF beta-2 antibodies, which have been validated in experiments with 10 publications and 36 images featured in our data gallery. (caslab.com)
TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3 are each synthesized as very similar precursor proteins in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide which remains associated with the latent part of the molecule. (caslab.com)
TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 1.2 appear to have equivalent biological activity, although there appear to be differences in binding to certain types of receptors. (caslab.com)
TGF beta 2 is produced by many cell types and has been found at the highest concentration in porcine platelets and mammalian bone. (caslab.com)
Latent TGF beta 2 is the predominant isoform found in bodily fluids such as amniotic fluid, breast milk, and the aqueous and vitreous humor of the eye. (caslab.com)
It encodes a non-classical heavy chain that forms a heterodimer with a beta-2 microglobulin light chain, with the heavy chain anchored in the membrane. (nih.gov)
The roles of hydrophobic bonding and charge electrostatics in the stabilization of human beta-2-microglobulin have been probed by variations in solution conditions and monitored by circular dichroism in the near and far UV regions. (herts.ac.uk)
A conformational rearrangement of the beta-sheet sandwich must occur since all six tyrosines of human beta-2-microglubulin are located in the two beta-sheets of this sandwich. (herts.ac.uk)
These enthalpy differences are relatively large suggesting that charge electrostatics are energetically significant in stabilization of human beta-2-microglobulin. (herts.ac.uk)
Lifang Hou Background and Objective: Elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin (β2-M) has previously been reported in non - Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. (karger.com)
Expression of HLA-A, -B, and -C and beta 2-microglobulin antigens in human choriocarcinoma cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that cells from two human choriocarcinomas JaR and BeWo contained beta 2-microglobulin. (ox.ac.uk)
It may be concluded that the lack of expression of HLA-ABC antigens in choriocarcinoma (and in the trophoblast) is not a result of lack of beta 2-microglobulin, as is the case for the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Daudi. (ox.ac.uk)
Beta-2 ̶ microglobulin (beta-2m) amyloidosis is a disabling condition that affects patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). (medscape.com)
Capillary electrophoresis recognizes 2 or 3 conformational isomers of beta-2m in human serum. (medscape.com)
High cut-off, high-flux dialysis and online hemodiafiltration have been shown to be superior to previously used HD membranes in the removal of beta-2m, possibly decreasing beta-2 amyloidosis. (medscape.com)
Serum and plasma beta 2 microglobulin values have emerged as markers for the activation of the cellular immune system, as well as a tumor marker in certain hematologic malignancies. (medscape.com)
The reference range of beta 2 microglobulin in urine samples is 0-0.3 µg/mL. (medscape.com)
However, low beta 2 microglobulin levels are never used to rule out a particular disease (eg, lymphoma) in the absence of other more definitive tests. (medscape.com)
Increased serum beta 2 microglobulin levels reflect increased activity of the disease process in question and can be an exquisitely sensitive marker for this purpose in many hematologic disorders. (medscape.com)
Increased urine beta 2 microglobulin levels reflect tubular disorders of the kidney. (medscape.com)
In such cases, serum beta 2 microglobulin levels are usually normal, since the dysfunction is in tubular reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Increased CSF beta 2 microglobulin levels are seen in certain conditions such as multiple sclerosis, AIDS dementia complex , and meningeal spread of hematologic tumors. (medscape.com)
Beta 2 microglobulin can be determined in urine, serum, or plasma samples. (medscape.com)
This light-protein chain, which can be shed into serum, is called beta 2 microglobulin. (medscape.com)
Beta 2 microglobulin is an 11.8-kD protein (see first image below), which forms one of the chains of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule normally present on the surface of every nucleated cell in the human body. (medscape.com)
The synthesis rate of beta 2 microglobulin varies from 2-4 mg/kg/day, with a half-life of 2.5 hours. (medscape.com)
Ninety percent of beta 2 microglobulin is eliminated via glomerular filtration and almost completely reabsorbed by the proximal tubules. (medscape.com)
Thus, in individuals with chronic kidney disease, particularly end-stage renal disease, beta 2 microglobulin can accumulate in the blood. (medscape.com)
In vitro, the synthesis and release of beta 2 microglobulin can be induced by acidosis, endotoxin, or inflammatory cytokines. (medscape.com)
Serum beta 2 microglobulin has now been identified as an important prognostic marker in a large number of hematologic and nonhematologic disorders. (medscape.com)
Antibodies2
Antibodies for β2-Microglobulin and the Heavy Chains of HLA-E, HLA-F, " by Mepur H. Ravindranath, Narendranath M. Ravindranath et al. (jefferson.edu)
This article is the author's final published version in Antibodies, Volume 12, Issue 2, 2023, Article number 26. (jefferson.edu)
Antigens1
β2-microglobulin (β2m)-associated heavy chains (HCs) of HLA antigens, also known as closed conformers (Face-1), undergo "alteration" during activation of immune cells, resulting in β2m-free structural variants, including monomeric open conformers (Face-2) that are capable of dimerizing as either homodimers (Face-3) or as heterodimers (Face-4). (jefferson.edu)
Excretion2
Serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and quantitative urinary -2-microglobulin (-2-m) excretion were estimated. (who.int)
Serum TNF concentration and urinary -2-m excretion were significantly higher in the first presentation and relapse groups. (who.int)
Molecule1
β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and N -acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) are the dominant biomarkers employed routinely in environmental toxicology research, while kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are also emerging as effective markers to identify mycotoxin induced nephropathy. (frontiersin.org)
Significance1
β2 microglobulin levels cannot, however, distinguish between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which has a better prognosis, and smouldering (low grade) myeloma. (wikipedia.org)
Urinary1
minimal change nephrotic reabsorption and increased urinary excre- syndrome is most common in children 2-4 tion of -2-m [ 11 ]. (who.int)
Humans2
In humans, the β2 microglobulin protein is encoded by the B2M gene. (wikipedia.org)
β2 microglobulin associates not only with the alpha chain of MHC class I molecules, but also with class I-like molecules such as CD1 (5 genes in humans), MR1, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), and Qa-1 (a form of alloantigen). (wikipedia.org)
Patients7
A total of 60 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled purposively. (fortunepublish.com)
We investigated bax/bcl-2 ratio by flow cytometry in 502 patients and identified a cut off of 1.50 to correlate bax/bcl-2 ratio with well-established clinical and biological prognosticators. (haematologica.org)
Bax/bcl-2 was 1.50 or over in 263 patients (52%) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (haematologica.org)
Moreover, within IGHV unmutated (168 patients) and TP53 mutated (37 patients) subgroups, higher bax/bcl-2 identified cases with significant longer PFS ( P =0.00002 and P =0.039). (haematologica.org)
Finally, the recently proposed new therapies employing bcl-2 inhibitors prompted the potential use of bax/bcl-2 ratio to identify patients putatively resistant to these molecules. (haematologica.org)
The paucity of anti-β2m Abs in this cohort of patients suggests that Abs were developed against β2m-free HLA HCs, such as Face-2, Face-3, and Face-4. (jefferson.edu)
METHODS: We used electronic health records for asthma patients aged 2-17 years from a regional, urban, children's hospital in Ohio during 2011-2015. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative1
On a estimé l'interleukine 1, l'interleukine 6, la cachectine (TNF) et l'excrétion quantitative de 2-microglobuline urinaire. (who.int)
Diagnostics1
β2 microglobulin was assayed using the N Latex β2 microglobulin assay, Siemens Diagnostics, IL. (cdc.gov)
Absence1
In fact, in the absence of β2 microglobulin, very limited amounts of MHC class I (classical and non-classical) molecules can be detected on the surface (bare lymphocyte syndrome or BLS). (wikipedia.org)
Binds1
In a cytomegalovirus infection, a viral protein binds to β2 microglobulin, preventing assembly of MHC class I molecules and their transport to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Human3
For Coxsackievirus A9, it is likely that β2 microglobulin is required for the transport to plasma membrane of the identified receptor, the Human Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn). (wikipedia.org)
found in human fecal samples in low percentages ( 2 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Because β-2-microglobulin (β2M) is a surface protein that is present on most nucleated cells, it plays a key role in the human immune system and the kidney glomeruli to regulate homeostasis. (nycu.edu.tw)
Prognostic2
In multivariate analysis of progression-free survival and overall survival, bax/bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor ( P =0.0002 and P =0.002). (haematologica.org)
In conclusion, we defined the prognostic power of bax/bcl-2 ratio, as determined by a flow cytometric approach, and highlighted a correlation with chemoresistance and outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (haematologica.org)
Proteins3
Moreover, the recently proposed anti-bcl-2 molecules, such as ABT-199, have emphasized the potential role of of bcl-2 family proteins in the context of target therapies. (haematologica.org)
2 Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) family of antiapoptotic (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bcl-w and mcl-1) and proapoptotic (bax, bak and bok) proteins are critical regulators of apoptosis in CLL. (haematologica.org)
3 In particular, bcl-2 has emerged as the most important protein in predicting survival in CLL between 11 proteins that are implicated in the control of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. (haematologica.org)
Viral1
citation needed] β2 microglobulin has been shown to be of high relevance for viral entry of Coxsackievirus A9 and Vaccinia virus (a Poxvirus). (wikipedia.org)
Cytokines1
fects are so similar that these 2 cytokines are almost interchangeable [ 6 ]. (who.int)
Concentrations1
Les concentrations sériques d'interleukine 1, d'interleukine 6 et de TNF permettaient de sélectionner positivement (100 %) les groupes de première manifestation et de récidive alors que ces concentrations plus l'excrétion urinaire de 2-microglobuline urinaire sélectionnaient négativement (100 %) le groupe témoin. (who.int)
Mice2
Mice models deficient for the β2 microglobulin gene have been engineered. (wikipedia.org)
These mice demonstrate that β2 microglobulin is necessary for cell surface expression of MHC class I and stability of the peptide-binding groove. (wikipedia.org)
Kidney1
About 95% of free -2-m is filtered by the branous and proliferative being the most normal glomerulus and a normal kidney is common [ 2 ]. (who.int)
Levels1
Stage 1 would show levels of less than 3.5, stage 2 is 3.5 or more, stage 3 is more than 5.5. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Molecules1
β2 microglobulin (B2M) is a component of MHC class I molecules. (wikipedia.org)
0.0011
0.001) in group I. The best cut-off point of serum β2 microglobulin for diabetic nephropathy was 4.35 μg/ml with 93.3% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity. (fortunepublish.com)
Leukemia1
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the bcl-2 family is involved in the pathogenesis, chemorefractoriness and clinical outcome. (haematologica.org)
Years1
Over the past 60 years, due to the advancement of hemo- the Work Group and tasked it with planning, developing, dialysis (HD) technology and the introduction of medical reviewing, and disseminating appropriate HD treatment insurance, dialysis treatment has become widespread, en- guidelines in accordance with international standards. (bvsalud.org)
Concentration1
La concentration sérique de TNF et l'excrétion de 2-micro- globuline urinaire étaient significativement plus élevées dans les groupes de première manifestation et de ré- cidive. (who.int)
Normal1
clarification needed] The normal value of β2 microglobulin is (wikipedia.org)
Alpha2
The other 3 include alpha 1 , alpha 2 , and alpha 3 (see second image below). (medscape.com)
Processing of the lipocalin alpha(1)-microglobulin by hemoglobin induces heme-binding and heme-degradation properties. (lu.se)