2 inhibitors molecular glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

SGLT2 inhibitor. (nih.gov)
The list also includes Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin as second line therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes. (nigeriahealthonline.com)
Because SGLT2 inhibitors are still patented and high-priced, their inclusion in the list comes with the recommendation that WHO work with the Medicines Patent Pool to promote access through potential licencing agreements with the patent-holders to allow generic manufacturing and supply in low- and middle-income countries. (nigeriahealthonline.com)
Improving access to diabetes medicines including insulin and SGLT2 inhibitors is one of the workstreams of the Global Diabetes Compact, launched by WHO in April 2021, and a key topic under discussion with manufacturers of diabetes medicines and health technologies. (nigeriahealthonline.com)
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is the predominant mediator of renal glucose reabsorption and is an emerging molecular target for the treatment of diabetes. (aspetjournals.org)
We identified a novel potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin (CSG452), and examined its efficacy and pharmacological properties as an antidiabetic drug. (aspetjournals.org)
The selectivity of tofogliflozin toward human SGLT2 versus human SGLT1, SGLT6, and sodium/myo-inositol transporter 1 was the highest among the tested SGLT2 inhibitors under clinical development. (aspetjournals.org)
These findings demonstrate that tofogliflozin inhibits SGLT2 in a specific manner, lowers blood glucose levels by increasing renal glucose clearance, and improves pathological conditions of type 2 diabetes with a low hypoglycemic potential. (aspetjournals.org)
SGLT2 inhibitors: Do we need other evidences? (efim.org)
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of glucuretic, antihyperglycemic drugs that target the process of renal glucose reabsorption and induce glucuresis independently of insulin secretion or action. (abmole.com)
Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) inhibits subtype 2 of the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT2), which is responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney. (abmole.com)
Tianagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that may be used in studies related to type 2 diabetes. (abmole.com)
Tofogliflozin(CSG-452) is a potent and highly specific sodium/glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor with Ki values of 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2. (abmole.com)
Of these, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists represent novel pharmacological agents that are included in the pharmacotherapy of patients with preserved or reduced systolic left ventricular function in heart failure, arterial hypertension, as well as in patients who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. (escardio.org)
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are agents that reduce the level of blood glucose in these patients. (escardio.org)
In the clinical trials conducted thus far, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was shown to improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM, have benefit in treatment of HF, either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle. (escardio.org)

This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
Molecular Metabolism. (wur.nl)
2 Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (nih.gov)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Impaired insulin secretion and free radical formation are the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism. (wiley.com)
Screen Quest™ assay kits, a set of HTS-ready tools for high throughput screening of biochemical and cellular targets such as protein kinases, proteases, HDAC, cell apoptosis and cytoxicity, GPCR, ion channels, ADME/metabolism and transporters. (stratech.co.uk)
is an intermediate, possibly transitional, state between normal glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus that becomes more common with aging. (msdmanuals.com)

Phlorizin was studied as a potential pharmaceutical treatment for type 2 diabetes, but has since been superseded by more selective and more promising synthetic analogs, such as empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin. (wikipedia.org)
If you're managing type 2 diabetes, you'll need to work with your doctor to identify a treatment approach that supports your individual goals. (everydayhealth.com)
Treatment of type 2 diabetes is not limited to the occasional visit to the doctor: It includes important types of self-care in addition to regular medical care from doctors and other healthcare providers, such as dietitians and mental health professionals. (everydayhealth.com)
The latest updates about care for type 2 diabetes can be found in the American Diabetes Association's 2023 Standards of Medical Care , which lists treatment guidelines related to diabetes, complications, new technology, and more. (everydayhealth.com)
Can Berberine Help Prevent or Treat Type 2 Diabetes? (everydayhealth.com)
What Medications Are Used to Treat Type 2 Diabetes? (everydayhealth.com)
Many people with type 2 diabetes start with the oral drug metformin (Glucophage) to help meet their blood sugar level goals. (everydayhealth.com)
Are There Any New Type 2 Diabetes Drugs on the Horizon? (everydayhealth.com)
Sulfonylurea drugs have also been used for many years to help people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar. (everydayhealth.com)
These medicines are especially useful among people with type 2 diabetes who are at risk of low blood sugar or lactic acidosis. (everydayhealth.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of the cases of diabetes. (ddw-online.com)
Type 2 diabetics, but also prediabetics, are at increased risk for a wide range of debilitating diseases and diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of kidney failure and blindness and of nontraumatic lower limb amputation. (ddw-online.com)
Despite beneficial effects of current glucose-lowering treatments, disease-related morbidity and mortality remain considerable in T2DM patients, galvanising the search for innovative medications that target the multiple metabolic abnormalities as well as inflammatory processes and other pathways predisposing to diabetes-associated disorders. (ddw-online.com)
Repeated high post meal (post-prandial) blood plasma glucose 'spikes' are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. (nutraingredients.com)
Tissue injuries from diabetes mellitus mostly occur as a consequence of higher rate of apoptosis process due to activation of a series of molecular mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Novel types of anti-hyperglycaemic medications such as sodium glucose cotransporters-2 inhibitors, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have shown to provide potent anti-hyperglycaemic effects, but their influences on diabetes-induced apoptotic injuries is largely unknown. (nih.gov)
This review summarized the associations between various types of diabetes and cancers and updated available evidence of underlying mechanisms between diabetes and cancers. (frontiersin.org)
The risk of cancers appears to be increased in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, the underlying mechanisms between various types of diabetes and cancers have not yet been summarized. (frontiersin.org)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. (frontiersin.org)
Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes. (wiley.com)
2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain. (faksignaling.com)
Scope: (-)-Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), 3- hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), and vanillic acid (VA), have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes, although the mechanism for their actions remains unknown. (faksignaling.com)
indeed, renal glucose reabsorption has been considered to have a pathophysiological role in diabetes [1]. (faksignaling.com)
In this regard, inhibitors of SGLT-2 have been demonstrated to increase glycosuria and reduce hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes [3, 4]. (faksignaling.com)
In diabetes, there is a marked increase in renal glucose uptake, which might be accompanied by the upregulation of SGLT- 2 and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) levels, and the renal gluconeogenesis is enhanced because of the deregulation of rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes [2, 4, 5]. (faksignaling.com)
Consequently, treatments aimed at improving glucose homeostasis in renal cells are considered critical for optimal management of diabetes type 2 and to prevent, retard or treat associated renal complications. (faksignaling.com)
Patoulias and colleagues have made a relevant commentary entitled "Chronic kidney disease and diabetes status do not affect efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced. (efim.org)
The five cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus so far have shown that renal sodium-glucose cotransporters two inhibitors (SGLT2i) are cardiovascular. (efim.org)
Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that dapagliflozin is a safe and effective method for treating type 2 diabetes. (abmole.com)
JP-2266 is a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor that can be used in studies related to diabetes. (abmole.com)
b) latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA), usually occurring in men over 40 years of age, in whom a progressive autoimmune process destroys the beta cells of pancreas, which is similar to type 1 DM. (escardio.org)
Another type of diabetes that is similar to type 2 DM, but developing at a younger age, is called maturity onset DM (MODY) [1]. (escardio.org)
Drug-induced diabetes may occur due to different drugs being taken longer term and contributing to the development of chronic hyperglycaemia [1,2]. (escardio.org)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) a magic enzyme: it's role in diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis, interactions with fluroquionlones. (scielo.br)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. (scielo.br)
It is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.As a direct result, this prevents blood glucose from being reabsorbed by the kidneys, and the amount of sugar in the bloodstream is.It is similar to canagliflozin (Invokana) and empagliflozin (Jardiance). (tropicsa.com)
It is divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which account for 5-10% and 90-95% of DM cases resepectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. (biomedcentral.com)
In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientific evidence suggests increased inflammatory stress is related to molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and the intestinal microbiota interacts with environmental factors and susceptible genetic factors, contributing to the development of diabetes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our aim is to clarify the currently described effects of probiotics in the prevention and management of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in Two Patients Without Diabetes After Introduction of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. (qxmd.com)

this action reduces renal glucose transport, lowering the amount of glucose in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
A single oral gavage of tofogliflozin increased renal glucose clearance and lowered the blood glucose level in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. (aspetjournals.org)
EC (5-20 µM) and DHBA (20 µM) reduced both renal glucose uptake and production. (faksignaling.com)
Conclusion: EC and DHBA regulate the renal glucose homeostasis by modulating both glucose uptake and production, and strengthen the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of that pathway in NRK-52E cells. (faksignaling.com)
Additionally, defects at the insulin signalling are thought to affect the renal glucose homeostasis and, therefore, to contribute to the hyperglycaemia [4]. (faksignaling.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)

Polyphenols and phenolic acids from strawberry and apple may decrease glucose uptake by blocking transport through human intestinal cells, according to a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
"There is recent evidence that some bioactive compounds, in particular polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannins (PPTs), can affect the shape of the blood glucose curve … Some studies have shown that these compounds may result in an altered pattern of intestinal glucose uptake, possibly due to interactions between compounds and sugar transporters," said the authors. (nutraingredients.com)
"The results obtained demonstrate that polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannin-rich extracts from strawberry and apple were able to influence glucose uptake into the cells and transport … by inhibiting activities of the glucose transporters," said the authors. (nutraingredients.com)
Furthermore, no interaction with tofogliflozin was observed in any of a battery of tests examining glucose-related physiological processes, such as glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, glycogen synthesis, hepatic glucose production, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and glucosidase reactions. (aspetjournals.org)
Dose-dependent increase in glucose uptake activity (GUA) was observed in both cell lines. (wiley.com)
Glucose transporter 4 translocation was confirmed by determining the uptake of glucose in the presence of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and PI3K inhibitors. (wiley.com)
In conclusion, AEG enhances glucose transport by modulating the proximal and distal markers involved in glucose uptake and its transformation into glycogen. (wiley.com)
Methods and results: Levels of the glucose transporters SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, as well as glucose uptake, glucose production, and key proteins of the insulin pathways, namely insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and PI3K/AKT pathway were analysed. (faksignaling.com)
Inhibitors were assayed for the ability to inhibit [14C]AMG uptake in a protein-free buffer over a 2 h incubation period. (abmole.com)
Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)

More recent incretin-based treatment strategies include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics and inhibitors of the enzyme that degrades GLP-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). (ddw-online.com)
Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1), also known as von Gierke disease, is caused by a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (qxmd.com)
[ 1 ] Two of the patients had almost total deficiency of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, whereas the remaining 4 had normal enzyme activity. (medscape.com)
glycogen-storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) designates the true enzyme defect, and glycogen-storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) designates the intracellular transport defect. (medscape.com)
For practical purposes, depending on the enzyme activity and the presence of mutations in the G6Pase and T genes, respectively, GSD type I may be subdivided into 2 major forms. (medscape.com)

They said that PPTs have the potential to "readily affect glucose absorption in the small intestine," noting that many polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannins can interact with certain sugar transporters - for example, inhibition of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1 - an active transport mechanism in which glucose is co-transported with sodium ion) or by inhibition of GLUT2. (nutraingredients.com)
Data indicate that the polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannins from strawberry and apple are potent inhibitors of GLUT2 and SGLT1 at concentrations predicted after dietary ingestion. (nutraingredients.com)
By using sodium-containing (to activate both SGLT1 and GLUT2 glucose transporters) and sodium-free (activating GLUT2 only) conditions, the researchers showed that PPTs inhibit the action of GLUT2 receptors more than SGLT1. (nutraingredients.com)
Mizagliflozin (DSP-3235 free base) is a potent, orally active and selective SGLT1 inhibitor, with a Ki of 27 nM for human SGLT1. (abmole.com)

Interestingly, EC and DHBA did not modify the levels of SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, and modulated the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase via AKT leading to a diminished glucose production. (faksignaling.com)
The main site for glucose reabsorption is the early S1 segment of the proximal tubule and this process is largely mediated by the high-capacity transporter sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) [2]. (faksignaling.com)
Secondary active transport occurs in the intestine and the kidney tubules (predominantly proximal tubule) and is mediated by members of the SGLT transporter family. (medscape.com)
i) The apical transporters are SGLT-1 (type 1) and SGLT-2. (medscape.com)
In the initial proximal tubule, only SGLT-2 and GLUT-2 are expressed, whilst SGLT-1 and GLUT-1 are expressed in the distal part of the tubule. (medscape.com)

Kidneys play a major role in glucose homeostasis. (faksignaling.com)
Therefore, it is the need of the day to properly understand functions and mechanisms of GSK-3, especially its role in glucose homeostasis via effects on glycogen synthase. (scielo.br)
The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)

In this study, the modulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling by the mentioned compounds on renal proximal tubular NRK-52E cells was investigated. (faksignaling.com)
Importantly, the gluconeogenesis is a differentiated function of the renal cortex that also contributes to the glucose homeostasis, as well as to the insulin modulatory effects [2]. (faksignaling.com)
In recent years, studies have suggested that antidiabetic medications may grant renoprotection through a mechanism other than affecting glucose homeostasis [1,2]. (escardio.org)
It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
ERS pathways are triggered by the unbalance of ER environment, including hypoxia, disturbance of Ca 2+ homeostasis and glucose starvation. (springer.com)

Immunoblot analysis revealed an insulin-like glucose transporting mechanism of AEG by activating key markers involved in the insulin signaling cascade such as insulin receptor beta IRβ, insulin receptor substrate1, 85 phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) and PKB. (wiley.com)
In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
Therefore, it is not surprising that it would, in response to signaling flagellin distinguish between these two types of cells, and the involvement of kinases downstream Rts mediators such as PI3K RTS is a difference which can be achieved. (microrna1.com)

Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) produces a sustained, dose-dependent reduction in plasma glucose levels while simultaneously improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. (abmole.com)
As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis is by measuring plasma glucose. (msdmanuals.com)
Intensive control of plasma glucose can prevent or delay many of these complications but may not reverse them once established. (msdmanuals.com)

Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) is a novel selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2. (abmole.com)

Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, including the host molecules that induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune and inflammatory responses, and gut microbial metabolites involved in pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we summarize the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM population, T2DM animal models, and diabetic complications, as well as the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
There are many researches on Rhizoma coptidis, but most of them are only a small part of the whole molecular mechanisms. (springer.com)
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
It is very likely that patients with obesity will have to take these antiobesity medications "forever," he said, "until we identify and can repair the cellular and molecular mechanisms that the body uses to regulate body fat mass throughout the life cycle and that are dysfunctional in obesity. (medscape.com)

RhoA activation triggers a glycolytic burst through the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A3/GLUT3 to fuel the cellular contractile machinery, as demonstrated across multiple endothelial cell types. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: RhoA induces glucose transporter SLC2A3 translocation which drives subcellular glycolysis in thrombin-stimulated contractile endothelial cells. (nature.com)
Apart from the substrate translocation defect, patients with GSD type Ib have altered neutrophil functions predisposing them to gram-positive bacterial infections. (medscape.com)

This suggests that the mammalian Na + -driven transporter has no evolutionary relationship to the other sugar transporters. (nature.com)

However, a significant therapeutic strategy for malignant cells may involve the blockage of several glucose transporters, including glut 4 encoded by the solute carrier family-2-member-4-gene (Slc2a4) by certain phytochemicals from Panax ginseng. (ijpsr.com)
This form of glucose transport is predominantly mediated by members of the GLUT transporter family. (medscape.com)
ii) The glucose carriers expressed in the basolateral domain are GULT-1 and GLUT-2 that do not require energy, sodium, or any other ion. (medscape.com)

Facilitative transport occurs in essentially all cell types and is driven by the concentration gradient across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
First, in the presence of enough cellular oxygen (or under aerobic conditions), pyruvate is oxidised with loss of carboxyl group as CO 2 and the remaining two carbon unit becomes the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A (AcetylCoA). (kdwis.com)
The lack of a specific transporter can interrupt cellular functions and cause diseases like cystic fibrosis. (visionlearning.com)

Current widespread treatments for T2DM include metformin (suppressor of hepatic glucose production), sulfonylureas (insulin secretagogues), and the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone (PPAR agonist). (ddw-online.com)
Because free glucose is the product of the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase reaction, either type leads to accumulation of liver glycogen, accompanied by fasting hypoglycemia . (medscape.com)
GSD type VI, also known as Hers disease, belongs to the group of hepatic glycogenoses and represents a heterogenous disease. (medscape.com)

Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)

Long-acting insulin analogues offer some extra clinical benefits for patients through their prolonged duration of action, which ensures that blood glucose levels can be controlled over longer periods of time without needing a booster dose. (nigeriahealthonline.com)
The disease presents with both clinical and biochemical heterogeneity consistent with the existence of two major subgroups, GSD-1a and GSD-1b, which have been confirmed at the molecular genetic level. (qxmd.com)
In clinical practice, malformations are designated by the predominant channel type and resultant rheologic character (ie, fast vs slow flow). (medscape.com)

The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenopyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)
These recent developments, along with newly characterized animal models of GSD-1a, are increasing our understanding of the interrelationship between the components of the G6Pase complex and type 1 glycogen storage diseases. (qxmd.com)
[ 3 ] proposed that a transport defect of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the microsomal compartment may be present in some patients with GSD type I. Thus, GSD type I is divided into GSD type Ia caused by G6Pase deficiency and GSD type Ib resulting from deficiency of a specific translocase T1. (medscape.com)
GSD type Ia demonstrates deficient G6Pase activity in the fresh and frozen liver tissue. (medscape.com)
GSD type Ib demonstrates normal G6Pase activity in the frozen tissue samples and lowered activity in the fresh specimens. (medscape.com)

Some of the transport proteins have been identified-for example, intestinal brush border Na + /glucose and Na + /proline transporters 1,2 and the brain Na + /Cl - /GABA transporter 3 -and progress has been made in locating their active sites and probing their conformational states 1,2,4-7 . (nature.com)
The archetypical Na + -driven transporter is the intestinal brush border Na + /glucose co-transporter (see ref. 8), and a defect in the co-transporter is the origin of the congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome 9 . (nature.com)
The research, published in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research , suggests that some polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannins extracted from apples and strawberries may block the transport of glucose across intestinal tissues, potentially blunting post-meal glucose spikes. (nutraingredients.com)
They added that their study is the first to show an inhibition of glucose transport across intestinal tissue by phenolic fruit extracts, and further characterize the contribution of individual phenolic components for their role in the inhibition of glucose transport. (nutraingredients.com)
Thus, monomers are readily absorbed in the small intestine, but oligomers and polymers are metabolized in the colon by the intestinal microbiota into different phenolic acids of low molecular weight [7, 9]. (faksignaling.com)

Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Glucose enters at the luminal side of the proximal tubular cells by an active carrier-mediated transport process that requires energy provided by the sodium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments generated by sodium-potassium ATPase. (medscape.com)

The top ten phytochemicals obtained from the PubChem database in SDF format with the lowest binding energies of these compounds wit SGLUT4 were selected as possible inhibitors of GLUT4 from Panax. (ijpsr.com)
Epstein M, Bali K, Piggot TJ, Green AC, Timperley CM, Bird M, Tattersall JEH, Bermudez I, Biggin PC ( 2021 ) Molecular determinants of binding of non-oxime bispyridinium nerve agent antidote compounds to the adult muscle nAChR. (multichannelsystems.com)

The liver loses its capacity as a glucose-homeostatic organ because of a fundamental inability to release free glucose. (medscape.com)
GSD type Id is deficiency in a transporter that translocates free glucose molecules from microsomes into the cytosol. (medscape.com)

Glycolysis is an anaerobic, sequential, enzymatic and catabolic multi-step process that converts a single glucose molecule into two pyruvates in the cytoplasm coupled with the production of two NADH molecules and a net yield of two molecules of ATP. (kdwis.com)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
All plasma membranes possess transporters to help move molecules from one side of the membrane to the other. (visionlearning.com)

It has been proposed that GSD-1b is caused by a defect in the microsomal glucose-6-phosphate transporter. (qxmd.com)

Muscle phosphorylase deficiency adversely affecting the glycolytic pathway in skeletal musculature causes GSD type V. Like other forms of GSD, McArdle disease is heterogeneous. (medscape.com)

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as miglitol (Glyset) and acarbose (Precose), impair the digestion of carbohydrates and can help prevent spikes in blood sugar throughout the day, according to StatPearls . (everydayhealth.com)
P rediabetes is presently defined as moderately elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), and is estimated to affect 79 million adult Americans, or 35% of the adult population. (ddw-online.com)
Reduction, or blunting, of post-prandial glucose concentration in blood is potentially beneficial. (nutraingredients.com)
They offer particular benefit for patients who experience dangerously low blood glucose levels with human insulin. (nigeriahealthonline.com)
No blood glucose reduction was observed in normoglycemic SD rats treated with tofogliflozin. (aspetjournals.org)
Blocking this transporter causes blood glucose to be eliminated through the urine. (abmole.com)
Mizagliflozin is used as an antidiabetic agent that can modify postprandial blood glucose excursion. (abmole.com)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of anormal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
genes in peripheral blood of at-risk, new-onset and long-term type 1 DM , and healthy controls. (indexindex.com)
The usual homeostatic mechanism cannot halt the rapid drop in blood glucose levels that normally occurs during the first several hours after birth (reflecting consumption of maternal glucose), and the decrease continues. (medscape.com)
This decrease in circulating glucose can be precipitous, resulting in no measurable blood level. (medscape.com)
The accumulation of lactic acid in blood can cause true acidosis with a large anion gap, a characteristic of glycogen-storage disease type I. (medscape.com)

High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)

AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. (frontiersin.org)
In youth-onset type 2 DM, complications appear early and develop rapidly [1,2]. (escardio.org)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibits plasminogen activators and subsequent fibrinolysis potentiating thromboembolic effects. (gremjournal.com)

Tofogliflozin also improved postprandial glucose excursion in a meal tolerance test with GK rats. (aspetjournals.org)

However, the recent ACCORD and ADVANCE trials in patients with longstanding T2DM have shown that aggressive glucose control in such patients has no clear benefits, or may even increase CVD events (3). (ddw-online.com)

More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in a decrease in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)

Adenine induced significant apoptosis in HT29 cells, whereas Caco-2 cells exhibited less apoptotic responses. (hindawi.com)

Mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

GSD type Ic is deficiency of translocase T2 that carries inorganic phosphates from microsomes into the cytosol and pyrophosphates from the cytosol into microsomes. (medscape.com)
GSD type II, also known as acid maltase deficiency or Pompe disease, is a prototypic lysosomal disease. (medscape.com)

An acidic protein found in the NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM that functions as a molecular chaperone for PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE 2. (bvsalud.org)
Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)

The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)

Under normal circumstances, the kidney filters and reabsorbs 100% of glucose, approximately 180 g (1 mole) of glucose, each day. (medscape.com)

However, glucose-6-phosphate is also the substrate for glycolysis and produces lactate. (medscape.com)

More than 80 discrete mutations have been identified for both types Ia and Ib. (medscape.com)

In db/db mice, 4-week tofogliflozin treatment reduced glycated hemoglobin and improved glucose tolerance in the oral glucose tolerance test 4 days after the final administration. (aspetjournals.org)
The wild-type (WT) and Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mice with C57BL/6J genetic background were used. (bvsalud.org)
We performed long-term treatment of mice with an antimiR-21 inhibitor (a single-stranded oligonucleotide) as well as a mismatched antimiR control. (genengnews.com)

The response curve was fitted to an empirical four-parameter model to determine the inhibitor concentration at half maximal response, reported as EC50. (abmole.com)

It produces glucose by gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)

It cannot be overstated that the rate at which cancer uses glucose for proliferation is one of the many variables contributing to the alarmingly high mortality rate of cancer over time. (ijpsr.com)
stream ATP-binding cassette transporters and HDL suppress hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. (skanestugan.se)

Anatomy14

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science3

SGLT216

Metabolism7

Diabetes44

Renal glucose6

Uptake10

Enzyme5

SGLT14

SGLT5

Role in glucose homeostasis3

Homeostasis5

PI3K3

Plasma glucose4

Dapagliflozin1

Segment of the proximal tubule1

Mechanisms6

Translocation3

Sugar transporters1

Glut3

Cellular3

Hepatic3

Reabsorption1

Clinical3

G6Pase5

Intestinal5

Proximal4

Compounds2

Free glucose2

Molecules3

Defect1

Glycolytic1

Blood13

Pathways1

Regulation2

Complications2

Inhibits1

Postprandial1

T2DM1

Decrease1

Apoptosis1

Gene2

Deficiency2

Protein2

Kidneys1

Kidney1

Substrate1

Mutations1

Mice3

Concentration1

Gluconeogenesis1

Proliferation2