• During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, we found that GS-002 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. (hindawi.com)
  • ATF-3 induces DNA synthesis and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocytes [ 21 ] and is involved in serum-induced cell proliferation as a target gene of c-myc [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
  • We believe controlling osteoblast differentiation/proliferation and osteocyte apoptosis could be promising directions for developing future therapeutic solutions for related bone diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Reports indicate that TWEAK interacts with its receptor APO-3 and this interaction can lead to apoptosis, IL-8 secretion, NF-kB activation and endothelial cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD47 is involved in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis , proliferation , adhesion , and migration . (wikidoc.org)
  • [8] Binding of TSP-1 to CD47 influences several fundamental cellular functions including cell migration and adhesion, cell proliferation or apoptosis, and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 in wild-type cells inhibits proliferation and reduces expression of stem cell transcription factors. (wikidoc.org)
  • The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. (natprobiotech.com)
  • The antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in gliomas has thus far only been thoroughly established in tumor cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)
  • In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytes are able to engulf and remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage to them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kerr had initially used the term programmed cell necrosis, but in the article, the process of natural cell death was called apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Traditionally, cell death has been divided into apoptosis and necrosis. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that in addition to necrosis and apoptosis, there are also other new programmed death modes, such as autophagy, necrosis and necrotic apoptosis, which have unique biological processes and pathophysiological characteristics. (nature.com)
  • It does not have the morphological characteristics of typical necrosis, such as swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles and rupture of the cell membrane, nor does it have the characteristics of traditional cell apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and disintegration of the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
  • An alcohol-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the mouse brain is closely linked to neurodegeneration[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) binds to death receptors and induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines while sparing normal cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • TWEAK, a new secreted ligand in the tumor necrosis factor family that weakly induces apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Processes of disposal of cellular debris whose results do not damage the organism differentiate apoptosis from necrosis . (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] Kerr had originally used the term "programmed cell necrosis" to describe the phenomenon but in the 1972 article this process of natural cell death was called apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secreted from LPS-stimulated macrophages is an important mediator of apoptosis in this model. (elsevierpure.com)
  • All these ROS induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). (cdc.gov)
  • Thanks to the advanced techniques in genetics, to date many genes have been recognized in the pathogenesis of periodic syndromes like familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), hyper IgD syndrome (HIDS), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated autoinflammatory syndrome (TRAPS), cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), Blau syndrome and pyogenic sterile arthritis pyoderma gangrenosum and acne syndrome (PAPA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • LPS results in the overexpression and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contribute to LPS-induced multiple organs failure including myocardial depression [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Apoptosis can be initiated through one of two pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both pathways induce cell death by activating caspases, which are proteases, or enzymes that degrade proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug. (hindawi.com)
  • Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
  • Sulforaphane also prevented hyperglycemia-induced activation of the hexosamine and PKC pathways and prevented increased cellular accumulation and excretion of the glycating agent methylglyoxal. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis by acting as a sensor and an integrator to receive as well as to amplify signals from diverse upstream signaling pathways, and to initiate downstream execution steps. (rupress.org)
  • Excessive oxidative stress alters the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and triggers sperm apoptosis through bcl-2, bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • Some factors like Fas receptors and caspases promote apoptosis, while some members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins inhibit apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
  • Lacking proteosomal function on aggregates of unfolded proteins, ER stress may induce autophagic machinery. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this Commentary, we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of apoptosis by Bcl-2 family proteins. (biologists.com)
  • Western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR were used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and genes, including bcl-2 , bax , cytochrome c , and capase-3 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • Depletion of intracellular zinc by N,N,N′,N′ -tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) induces p53-mediated protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis of mouse cortical neurons. (molcells.org)
  • Bax and Bak play a redundant but essential role in apoptosis initiated by the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors. (rupress.org)
  • Due to the pleiotropic effect of bortezomibenhanced TRAIL DISC formation upon TRAIL triggering, down-regulation of cFLIP L and activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway seem to cooperatively contribute to the antitumor effect of bortezomib/TRAIL cotreatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Weak external signals may also activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of transthyretin, a protein shown to sequester Aβ and prevent amyloid fibril formation in vitro , and several genes in the insulin-signaling pathway, e.g., insulin-like growth factor-2, were increased selectively in the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, whether 6-OAP-induced mitosis arrest and pathway inhibition are followed by apoptosis requires further study. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that in addition to their functions at mitochondria, Bax and Bak also localize to the ER and function to initiate a parallel pathway of caspase activation and apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)
  • Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • TUNEL and western blot assay showed that KTC could induce apoptosis of endometriotic tissues, accompanied with the increased protein expression of caspases 8 and 9, activated caspase-3, and cytochrome c in a dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
  • Apoptosis and caspases in neurodegenerative diseases. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Apoptosis: caspases orchestrate the Rock and roll d bleb. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Breaching the mitochondrial OM releases apoptogenic factors, including cytochrome c and DIABLO (also known as Smac), which activate a group of aspartate-specific proteases known as caspases ( Youle and Strasser, 2008 ). (biologists.com)
  • Upon cytosolic entry, it serves as a cofactor in the formation of the "apoptosome," a complex consisting of the adaptor protein Apaf-1 and procaspase-9, which in turn causes the activation of caspase-9 and downstream caspases, such as caspase-3 ( Chinnaiyan, 1999 ). (rupress.org)
  • Concomitant activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of Bad also were unique to the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, the increased expression of transthyretin and insulin-like growth factor-2 and the increased phosphorylation of Bad in hippocampal neurons were maintained in 12-month-old APP Sw mice when compared with age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • Apoptosis and direct phosphorylation by Erk1/2 induces HABP1 translocation to the nucleus (17). (rndsystems.com)
  • The proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have been proposed to participate in the formation of a channel that releases these apoptogenic factors when mitochondria receive apoptotic signals. (rupress.org)
  • Recent research demonstrated that the potential to induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticular (ER) stresses can be a target for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • Diverse toxic signals (e.g., genotoxic drugs, UV and gamma irradiation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, etc.) trigger the activation of a universal apoptosis response, which eliminates damaged cells from the organism in a highly ordered and controlled fashion. (rupress.org)
  • Annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 reportedly inhibits mammalian mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) and induces gastric cancer cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, blocking activation of RIP-1 by necroptosis inhibitor necrotatin-1 inhibits AIF translocation and partially suppresses AA005-induced cell death in SW620 cells demonstrating that RIP-1 protein may be essential for cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two major models have been put forward to explain the molecular mechanism by which cytochrome c is released during apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • TPEN-induced cytochrome C release into the cytosol and caspase-3 activation were also blocked by inhibition of PARP-1. (molcells.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS- We conclude that activation of nrf2 may prevent biochemical dysfunction and related functional responses of endothelial cells induced by hyperglycemia in which increased expression of transketolase has a pivotal role. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Kerr received the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize on March 14, 2000, for his description of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
  • In the past decade, induction of apoptosis has become the major strategy to combat cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, a search for innovative strategies other than induction of apoptosis is urgently needed. (hindawi.com)
  • The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • However, the mechanisms underlying its cell-death-inducing activity are unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our work provided new mechanisms for AA005-induced cancer cell death and novel clues for cancer treatment via AIF dependent cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Describe the hypothesis behind the mechanisms scientists currently believe leads asbestos to induce pathogenic changes in the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation induced by TNF-α). (cdc.gov)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 plus gemcitabine results in regression of human pancreatic carcinoma growing orthotopically in nude mice by antiangiogenic mechanisms. (natprobiotech.com)
  • In recent years there have been significant advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which allergic sensitization to chemicals is induced and regulated. (cdc.gov)
  • There is clearly a need to identify accu- allergy research and in the definition of the important rately chemicals that have the potential to induce aller- immune mechanisms that influence the acquisition and gic sensitization and to assess the risks they pose to regulation of allergic sensitization to chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Purvalanol induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, caspase-7 and caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage following a 48 h treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • A co-administration of D-GalN (700 mg/kg) and LPS (35 μg/kg) to mice evoked typical hepatic apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation, resulting in fulminant hepatitis and lethality of mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Paclitaxel enhances the effects of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody ImClone C225 in mice with metastatic human bladder transitional cell carcinoma. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Azuine, M. A. and Bhide, S. V. Chemopreventive impact of turmeric in opposition to abdomen and pores and skin tumors induced by chemical carcinogens in Swiss mice. (fairpeel.com)
  • Bansal, S. and Chhibber, S. Curcumin alone and together with augmentin protects in opposition to pulmonary irritation and acute lung harm generated throughout Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced lung an infection in BALB/c mice. (fairpeel.com)
  • Photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice induced tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint by ultraviolet A tanning devices with or without mutations: A role for UVA in human skin car- subsequent solar-simulated ultraviolet irradia- cinogenesis. (who.int)
  • skin sensitization resulting in allergic con- based on analysis of immune responses induced in mice tact dermatitis and sensitization of the respiratory tract (and rats) by chemical allergens. (cdc.gov)
  • Within the cell, HABP1 binds to molecules containing the C1q globular domain, multiple isoforms of PKC, mitochondrial Hrk, the cytoplasmic tails of adrenergic and GABA-A receptors, the mRNA splicing factor ASF/SF2, and the CBF transcription factor (10 - 16). (rndsystems.com)
  • Pre-administration of acteoside at 10 or 50 mg/kg subcutaneously at 12 and 1 h prior to D-GalN/LPS intoxication significantly inhibited hepatic apoptosis, hepatitis and lethality. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many cancer cells are intrinsically resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
  • In the present study, the levels of apoptosis were analyzed in dexamethasone‑sensitive (MM.1S), dexamethasone‑resistant (U266) and chemotherapy‑sensitive (RPMI 8226) myeloma cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These results suggest that down-regulation of MYPT1 may play a role in promoting hyperphosphorylation of myosin II by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of myosin II during apoptosis. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • We hypothesized that p53 contributed to PC12 differentiation through the regulation of gene targets distinct from its known transcriptional targets for apoptosis or DNA repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent study provides the first direct, biophysical measurement of a potentially apoptosis-specific mitochondrial channel, which is regulated by Bcl-2 family members and may play a primary role in the release of the proapoptotic factors. (rupress.org)
  • We assessed the effect of acteoside, a naturally occurring antioxidative phenylethanoid, on hepatic apoptosis and the subsequent liver failure induced by D-Galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (elsevierpure.com)
  • The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the extract from Agkistrodon halys venom on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin located in the outer membrane of the cell wall of the Gram-negative bacteria, is considered as the principal factor responsible for multiple organs damage including myocardial injury in patients with sepsis [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Agents that initiate ER stress responses can induce conformational changes and oligomerization of Bax on the ER as well as on mitochondria. (rupress.org)
  • The 2002 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John Sulston for their work identifying genes that control apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genes were identified by studies in the nematode C. elegans and homologues of these genes function in humans to regulate apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptosis and cancer: mutations within caspase genes. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • As a transcription factor, many of the functional cellular roles of the p53 protein are elicited through direct DNA binding to sequence-specific cis-regulatory elements [ 3 ] leading to the transactivation or transrepression of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AA005 induces a unique type of cell death in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, characterized by lack of caspase-3 activation or apoptotic body formation, sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor Olaparib (AZD2281) but not pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk, and dependence on apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies reported that ATF-3 was induced by treating cells with antitumorigenic compounds [ 14 - 18 ] and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Caspase-mediated cleavage of focal adhesion kinase disassembly and pp125FAK of focal adhesions in individual endothelial cell apoptosis. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • PubMed]Murata-Hori M, Fukuta Y, Ueda K, Iwasaki T, Hosoya H. HeLa Squat kinase induces diphosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain and reorganization of actin filaments in nonmuscle cells. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Because apoptosis cannot stop once it has begun, it is a highly regulated process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptosis is a highly regulated cellular suicide program present in every metazoan cell. (rupress.org)
  • Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • In an HCT116 xenograft model ADI-TRAIL localized to the tumor and induced dose-dependent tumor regression, the fusion protein was superior to rhTRAIL administered at the same molar amounts. (oncotarget.com)
  • The CARL-2 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to TWEAK (TNF-related WEAK inducer of apoptosis), a type II transmembrane protein of approximately 1.4 kDa. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Global sequencing of proteolytic cleavage sites in apoptosis by specific labeling of protein N termini. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Critical cysteine residues of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 in arsenic sensing and suppression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. (cdc.gov)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • The average adult human loses between 50 and 70 billion cells each day due to apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, we found that GS-002 induced more cell apoptosis in ATF-3-overexpressing cells. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Blocking ROS formation significantly suppresses AA005-induced cell death in SW620 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • The induced differential stress resistance results in improved resistance to cytotoxicity in normal cells, which, in turn, reduces cytotoxic side-effects due to chemotherapy, as well as improved effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the present invention provides methods for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inducing differential stress resistance in normal cells and cancer cells via short-term starvation, cell growth inhibitors, or reduced caloric or glucose intake. (justia.com)
  • ADI downregulates survivin, upregulates DR5 receptor and sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
  • The activation of CD47 induces rapid apoptosis of T cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) incubated with the monoclonal antibody Ad22 results in apoptosis within 3 hours. (wikidoc.org)
  • Similarly, CD47 ligation rapidly induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • The incompletely differentiated plasma cells are characterized by deregulated apoptosis ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 6-OAP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, as detected by DNA fragmentation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We studied the transcriptional role of p53 during nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of the PC12 line into neuron-like cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to determine if VALD-3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and Annexin V/PI staining was performed to quantify the percentages of apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • In bax − / − bak − / − cells, introduction of Bak mutants selectively targeted to either mitochondria or the ER can induce apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • However, resistance to apoptosis is considered to be a characteristic of several types of cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • This invention relates to methods of inducing differential stress resistance in a subject with cancer by starving the subject for a short term, administering a cell growth inhibitor to the subject, or reducing the caloric or glucose intake by the subject. (justia.com)
  • More specifically, in one aspect, the invention features methods of inducing differential stress resistance in a subject with cancer. (justia.com)
  • However, clinical success has been limited due to poor PK and development of resistance to death receptor-induced apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
  • A translocation involves the mechanical breakage and reconnection between different chromosomes (Obata 1999). (sarcomahelp.org)
  • RESULTS- Activation of nrf2 by sulforaphane induced nuclear translocation of nrf2 and increased ARE-linked gene expression, for example, three- to fivefold increased expression of transketolase and glutathione reductase. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • Sarma, L., and Kesavan, P. C. Protecting results of chlorogenic acid, curcumin and beta-carotene in opposition to gamma-radiation-induced in vivo chromosomal injury. (fairpeel.com)
  • AD is a severe progressive neurodegenerative disease, which induces decreasing memory capacity and cognition. (bvsalud.org)
  • First, we found that chemical inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 markedly attenuated TPEN-induced apoptosis of cultured mouse cortical neurons. (molcells.org)
  • While many factors contribute, recent evidence indicates that the spectrin based membrane skeleton plays a pivotal role in these processes. (yale.edu)
  • Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • OBJECTIVE- Sulforaphane is an activator of transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (nrf2) that regulates gene expression through the promoter antioxidant response element (ARE). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These results indicated that D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic apoptosis can be blocked by an exogenous antioxidant, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in TNF-α-dependent hepatic apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Acteoside showed no apparent effect on the marked elevation of serum TNF-α, but it partially prevented in vitro TNF-α (100 ng/ml)-induced cell death in D-GalN (0.5 mM)-sensitized hepatocytes at the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μM. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Therefore, The present study investigates whether RF-EMR at a frequency of 900 MHz can trigger sperm cell apoptosis and affect semen morphology, concentration, and microstructure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1999), there has been little investment or progress in based solely on in vitro methods. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.001,unadjustedOR graphic data, general health, obstetrical =5.5).Inaddition,theprevalenceof and gynaecological history and other inclusion bodies for C. trachomatis in Methods risk factors. (who.int)