AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Receptors, Retinoic AcidRetinoid X ReceptorsTretinoinRetinoidsVitamin AKeratolytic AgentsLeukemia, Promyelocytic, AcuteIsotretinoinCell DifferentiationRetinal DehydrogenaseVitamin A DeficiencyAldehyde OxidoreductasesRetinol-Binding Proteins, CellularTranscription FactorsTumor Cells, CulturedRetinol-Binding ProteinsTetrahydronaphthalenesCell CycleEsophageal NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Squamous CellMolecular Sequence DataCell Line, TumorTerminology as TopicEsophagus
Retinoid X receptNuclearRARsPPARProteinsProteinBindsAmino acidsPathwayToll receptors1999InhibitionGenesGene2000InsulinFatty acidsEstrogen receptorPolychlorinated biphenylsMammalianAssociated-kinasesExpressionKeratinocytesFibroblastDerivativeDifferentiationImmuneHomodimerMurineGrowthEpidermalHomologyPrimaryRetinoidsCellsEfficiencyActivationDevelopmentInductionGroupFoundHuman
Retinoid X recept2
  • Retinoid signaling is transduced by 2 families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), which form RXR/RAR heterodimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bexarotene (Bxt) is a retinoid-X receptor agonist used in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma with a favorable safety profile whose effects have been recently investigated in other neurodegenerative diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Nuclear8
  • Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARA gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • RARA codes for the nuclear hormone receptor retinoic acid receptor, alpha subtype, a transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retinoids and retinoid analogues exert their activities by interacting with nuclear receptors (RARs [retinoic acid receptors] or RXRs [retinoic X receptors]) on cells and by activating genes that contain RARE (retinoic acid response elements) or RXRE (retinoic X response elements) in their promoters (Michel, Jombard, & Démarchez, 1998). (medscape.com)
  • Adapalene (Differin) is a polyaromatic retinoidlike compound that binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors and is thought to normalize the differentiation of keratinocytes in the sebaceous acroinfundibulum. (chemicalbook.com)
  • It can stimulate ESCs to differentiate into neuron cells, cardiac muscle cells and liver cells among others, by binding a retinoic acid receptor with a nuclear receptor known as retinoid X. This non-covalently bonded, two-factor structure (called a heterodimer) then binds to a specific DNA sequence to activate or repress gene expression. (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
  • The superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor comprises a group of transcription factors that play significant roles in response to a number of biological regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As an agonist of the retinoic-X receptor (RXR) pathway, Bxt notably increased the nuclear expression of the RXRα throughout transcriptionally active euchromatin domains. (frontiersin.org)
RARs1
  • We have used a pan-antagonist of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to disrupt spermatogenesis and induce sterility, importantly in a reversible manner. (columbia.edu)
PPAR1
  • It is also related to increased adiponectin (APN) expression associated with adipocyte differentiation, as well as the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
Proteins1
  • The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are a family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins recognized for their role in insulin signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein9
  • Retinoic acid receptor-alpha, the protein, interacts with retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, which plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, and the formation of organs in embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
  • This fusion makes up for the cause of 98% of APL cases, with some other rare mutations and fusions making up the other 2%.6 Current treatment approaches include all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which works by targeting and degrading the PML-RARα protein complex, in addition to chemotherapy and platelet transfusions. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 It reduces the protein levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and IL-10 in skin explants isolated from patients with acne and healthy controls in a concentration-dependent manner but increases the expression of the antigen-presenting protein CD1d in acne skin explants while decreasing it in control explants. (chemicalbook.com)
  • 0.05) decreased mRNA and protein expression of retinoic acid signaling pathway elements, including retinoic acid receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor beta, with the greatest number of changes observed between postnatal days 3-5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the early reprogramming process, fatty acid oxidation upregulated oxidative phosphorylation and downregulated protein kinase C activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation promotes reprogramming by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting protein kinase C activity in the early stage of the reprogramming process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
Binds2
  • Once retinoic acid binds to the RAR, the heterodimer initiates transcription and allows for its target genes to be expressed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once IFN/ has been synthesized, it is secreted and binds to the IFN/ receptor. (cdc.gov)
Amino acids3
  • NS1 is encoded by segment 8 of the influenza and range in size 217-237 amino acids. (datexis.com)
  • NS1 is comprised of two functional domains, N-terminal RNA-binding domain (RBD) and C-terminal effector domain (ED). RBD, amino acids 1-73 of NS1, forms a six-helical homodimer, and its major role is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding, thereby blocking IFN induction on infection (Pichlmair et al. (datexis.com)
  • The term motif denotes a repeated figure or design and, in motif biology, the occurrence of a given class of motif in a set of unrelated biomolecules led to the appropriation of the term to refer to a recurrent pattern of nucleotides or amino acids that corresponds to an autonomous functional module. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway4
  • Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)
  • We tested whether maternal smoking disrupts retinoic acid pathway expression and functioning in a murine model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A murine model of maternal cigarette smoking causes abnormal alveolarization in association with altered retinoic acid pathway element expression in the offspring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One possible pathway that could mediate some of the lung abnormalities caused by maternal smoking is the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Toll receptors1
  • Topical retinoids also demonstrate inhibition of various immune factors, including the activity of leukocytes, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators, and the expression of transcription factors and toll receptors involved in immunomodulation (Wolf, 2002). (medscape.com)
19993
  • Nucleic Acids Research , 27:3550-3556, 1999. (uiuc.edu)
  • 1999. Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient mouse. (cdc.gov)
  • 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
Inhibition4
  • 1997. Inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by polychlorinated biphenyls. (cdc.gov)
  • Retinoic acid receptor beta expression and growth inhibition of gynecologic cancer cells by the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide. (cellosaurus.org)
  • 1998. Inhibition of long-term potentiation in developing rat visual cortex but not hippocampus by in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that the xCyp26c gene, encoding a retinoic acid (RA) degradation enzyme, was upregulated following inhibition of BMP signaling in early neuroectodermal cells. (molcells.org)
Genes2
  • Based on 4F reprogramming, we found another two genes (2F), Retinoic acid receptor gamma and Liver homolog 1 . (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) plays a key role in the transcriptional activation of genes that encode xenobiotic/steroid and drug metabolizing enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene4
  • It functions as a negative regulator of retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor-mediated immune signaling via its interaction with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling-centered signalosome. (nih.gov)
  • By comparing the gene expression profiles of somatic cells, intermediate-phase cells, and iPSCs, we found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)1b, a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation, was significantly upregulated in the early stage of the reprogramming process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This innate immunity is accomplished by pattern-recognition receptors such as the toll-like receptors (TLRs) (Kaisho and Akira, 2006) or retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) of the host cells (Yoneyama and Fujita, 2004), followed by production of antiviral cytokine interferons (IFNs). (datexis.com)
  • Risperidone-induced weight gain is associated with a number of factors, including gene polymorphisms ( 12 - 14 ), exercise ( 15 - 17 ), peripheral molecules ( 18 ), and hyperphagia caused by regulating the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ( 19 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
20001
  • Because nucleic acid aptamers have comparable binding affinities with corresponding antibodies, they are regarded as potential candidates for the development of therapeutic agents or diagnostic probes (Brody and Gold, 2000). (datexis.com)
Insulin1
  • Endocannabinoids contribute to insulin resistance through activation of peripheral CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs) and also promote beta cell failure. (nature.com)
Fatty acids4
  • Higher correlations of sebum excretion and the proportion of branched fatty acids in the fraction of sebaceous wax esters were found in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins [8, 9]. (springer.com)
  • Classic fatty acid metabolism involves the breakdown of fatty acids by beta-oxidation within the mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the activated long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitoyl-CoA, cannot diffuse through the mitochondrial inner membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A shuttle system, composed of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)1, translocase, and Cpt2, is required to transfer activated long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
Estrogen receptor1
  • Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor with combinations of environmental chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Polychlorinated biphenyls1
  • 1991. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls with Ah receptor affinity on lymphoid development in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius on chick embryos in ovo and in mouse thymus anlagen in vitro . (cdc.gov)
Mammalian1
  • The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
Associated-kinases1
  • Signaling specificity is conferred by receptors and mediated through associated-kinases. (janechin.net)
Expression2
  • 1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Expression analysis of the human Hox Complex in teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1) upon treatment with retinoic acid and the definition of temporal colinearity concept. (cnr.it)
Keratinocytes1
  • Retinoic acid (tretinoin) reverses thickening of the stratum corneum and the abnormal desquamation of keratinocytes, and has been a mainstay for the treatment of acne for more than 30 years (Verschoore et al. (medscape.com)
Fibroblast1
  • Because EpiSCs are already pluripotent but with limited differentiation potential, the concentration of retinoic acid required is lower than that used for fibroblast reprogramming. (sangerinstitute.blog)
Derivative1
  • Unlike other SGAs, such as clozapine and olanzapine, risperidone is a derivative of benzisoxazole with multiple receptor antagonist properties, making it more effective against negative symptoms and more beneficial on both affective symptoms and cognitive impairments ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Differentiation2
  • Retinoic acid is one of the molecules widely used to investigate the mechanism of ESC differentiation. (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • Importantly, the concentration of retinoic acid must be at least 100 times lower than the concentration used for ESC differentiation in mice. (sangerinstitute.blog)
Immune1
  • Retinoic acid signaling modulates both lung development and postnatal immune function. (biomedcentral.com)
Homodimer1
  • TGF-β1 is a 112 amino-acid homodimer with nine cysteine residues, Figure 1-2. (janechin.net)
Murine1
  • Temporal map during gastrulation of the retinoic acid effect on development and patterning of murine brain. (cnr.it)
Growth2
  • Retinoic acid is an important small molecule derived from Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin that has multiple roles in development, growth and vision. (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • Growth factors that signal through tyrosine-kinase receptor families include the epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming-growth factor-α (TGF-α). (janechin.net)
Epidermal1
  • Dilutional effect of increased sebaceous gland activity on the proportion of linoleic acid in sebaceous wax esters and in epidermal acylceramides. (springer.com)
Homology1
  • Members of the TGF-β family exhibit 65% to 88% amino acid homology, with the amino- and carboxyl- termini conserved at 97% between species. (janechin.net)
Primary1
  • Furthermore, palmitoylcarnitine or acetyl-CoA, the primary and final products of Cpt1-mediated fatty acid oxidation, also promoted reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
Retinoids1
Cells2
  • Human embryonic stem cells were successfully derived in 1998. (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • 0.05) decreased retinoic acid-induced binding and activation of the retinoic acid receptor response element in A549 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Efficiency2
  • The next question is, can we improve reprogramming efficiency by manipulating retinoic acid signalling? (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • This study reveals that fatty acid oxidation is crucial for the reprogramming efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation3
  • We concluded that, to make use of retinoic acid signalling in reprogramming, its activation should be kept at an optimal level, which is cell-type dependent. (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • Cell culture experiments using the type II cell-like cell line, A549, tested whether lipid-soluble cigarette smoke components affected binding and activation of retinoic acid response elements in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • An in vitro cell culture model shows that lipid-soluble components of cigarette smoke decrease retinoic acid response element activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Development2
  • During early embryo development, retinoic acid acts as an intercellular signalling molecule that helps to lay out the baby's body plan. (sangerinstitute.blog)
  • We're beginning to understand retinoic acid's magic qualities and we hope that this unassuming small molecule may soon have the potential to make cell-reprogramming even more efficient and accurate, speeding the development of regenerative treatment. (sangerinstitute.blog)
Induction1
  • 1989. Cellular alterations and enhanced induction of cleft palate after coadministration of retinoic acid and TCDD. (cdc.gov)
Group1
  • ChEBI: A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether. (chemicalbook.com)
Found1
  • Activated forms are important because traditional forms of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid found in most other B-complex products must undergo chemical changes in order to be utilized by the body. (etnad3.com)
Human1
  • 1998. Profiles of Great Lakes critical pollutants: A sentinel analysis of human blood and urine. (cdc.gov)