1998 precursor cells b lymphoid. Medical search. Frequent questions

This results in the formation of germinal centers (GCs), where antigen-activated B cells are trapped to undergo somatic mutation, positive and negative selection, isotype switching, and differentiation into high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. (wikipedia.org)
20. Melchers, F.: Biochemical characterization of immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes at different stages of their differentiation.In: 'Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryotic Cells,' eds. (uni-mainz.de)
Notch signaling is important for maintaining stem cells and inducing differentiation, especially in the nervous system and lymphoid tissues (2-4). (rndsystems.com)
3. Sathe P, Vremec D, Wu L , Corcoran L, Shortman K. Convergent differentiation: myeloid and lymphoid pathways to murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (cls.edu.cn)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
Immunophenotypic and Molecular Features of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Differentiation Are Distinct from Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
Differential growth factor requirement of primitive cord blood hematopoietic stem cell for self-renewal and amplification vs proliferation and differentiation. (unito.it)
Taken together, our data show that c-Rel is usually dispensable for the RANKL-mediated differentiation and functional maturation of M cells. (cancerhappens.com)
agglutinin-1 neutralization of RANKL blocks M-cell differentiation, and Peyers patches from RANKL-deficient mice lack M cells (Knoop et al. (cancerhappens.com)
2015). The fate and terminal differentiation of distinct intestinal epithelial cell lineages from their uncommitted precursors is dependent on their intrinsic expression of one or more specific transcription factors during their development. (cancerhappens.com)
2002) and Klf4 is required for the terminal differentiation of goblet cells (Katz et al. (cancerhappens.com)
We show here that these novel intrathymic DCs are truly myeloid, as they arise from CD34 + early thymic progenitors through CD34 lo intermediates which have lost the capacity to generate T cells, but display myelomonocytic differentiation potential. (ashpublications.org)

In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Differentiating between low-grade lymphoma and reactive lymphocytes is often difficult by morphology alone as reactive lymphoid cells may acquire activation morphology from being exposed to different cytokines within the body fluid. (cytojournal.com)
NK cells are specialized lymphocytes of the innate immune system that possess some of the cell memory capabilities characteristic of cells found in the adaptive immune system. (umn.edu)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion and accumulation of morphologically mature B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid tissues. (oncotarget.com)
The thymus is composed predominantly of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Precursor cells migrate to the thymus and differentiate into lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Most of these lymphocytes are destroyed, with the remainder of these cells migrating to tissues to become T cells. (medscape.com)
Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
Preferential and reversible inhibition of T lymphocytes in G0 or G1 phase of cell cycle has been suggested. (medscape.com)
The role of dendritic cells in the establishment of the homing potential of lymphocytes. (anid.cl)
Adhesion receptors in the interactions between lymphocytes and stromal cells from murine spleen. (anid.cl)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
The active vitamin D generating enzyme, 1a-hydroxylase, is expressed by the airway epithelium, alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes indicating that active vitamin D can be produced locally within the lungs. (vitamindwiki.com)

Although several subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma exist, early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is the only subtype recognized as an entity in the revised 2016 WHO tumor classification. (medscape.com)
Cytogenetics advances of B-ALL have led to the discovery of numerous additional genetic changes, including mutations involving key cellular pathways in lymphoid development, tumor suppression, and cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that a structurally rigid IgG4H and CD28TM domain brings the two D4 fragments in proximity, driving CAR dimerization and leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density in female mice. (nature.com)
Furthermore, by investigating the impact of hinge (CD8 and IgG4) and TM (CD8 and CD28) on D4 CAR T cells, we discover that IgG4H-CD28TM mediated D4 CAR dimerization, leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density. (nature.com)
They originate in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and are important effector cells for anti-tumor immunity.Grzywacz was part of a team that developed an in-vitro system for producing NK cells from hematopoietic stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. (umn.edu)
NK cells produced through this process bore biomarkers associated with potent cell-killing activity and are equipped to attack and clear tumor cells. (umn.edu)
More recently investigators found that some of the cells thought to be NK cell precursors that failed to differentiate into mature NK cells constitute a novel innate lymphoid cell type.Research interest in NK-cell origin, function and potential enhancement of NK cells for tumor immunotherapy is part of a wave of interest in immunotherapy based on significant advances in the field in the past decade. (umn.edu)
As a key transcription factor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, LEF1 helps to regulate important genes involved in tumor cell death mechanisms. (oncotarget.com)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

For example, it promotes T cell over B cell development from a common precursor (2). (rndsystems.com)
10. Ardavin C, Wu L , Li C-L, Shortman K. Thymic dendritic cells and T cells develop simultaneously within the thymus from a common precursor population. (cls.edu.cn)
This proposal is further supported by the finding that development of thymic DCs and T cells is linked via a common precursor at an early stage of thymocyte development. (ashpublications.org)

Factor Mfge produced in lymphoid tissues mainly by FDCs is known to enhance engulfment of apoptotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
Within peripheral tissues iNKT cell recent thymic emigrants exhibit a different TCR repertoire than mature cells, suggesting that the iNKT population is shaped after arrival to the periphery. (elifesciences.org)
Beyond the common features shared by all iNKT cells (including their CD1-restriction and innate-like properties), cells found in discrete tissues have distinct phenotypes and functions that critically modulate the outcome of immunity ( Crosby and Kronenberg, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
Nonetheless, how signals from the tissue environment shape the iNKT cell population to best fit their function in their tissues of residency remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Vitamin D generated in tissues is responsible for many of the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D. The effects of vitamin D within the lungs include increased secretion of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, decreased chemokine production, inhibition of dendritic cell activation and alteration of T cell activation. (vitamindwiki.com)

1-3 These nonoverlapping functions have been proposed to result from the actions of 2 major DC populations which have been characterized as myeloid and lymphoid DCs, respectively, on the basis of their anatomical localization and cell-surface phenotypes and, ultimately, of their distinct developmental origin. (ashpublications.org)

Unlike dendritic cells (DC), FDCs are not derived from the bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell, but are of mesenchymal origin. (wikipedia.org)
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice models demonstrate that these precursors may be transmitted to recipients with bone marrow allotransplants, in which case both donors' and recipients' FDCs networks may later be found in recipients' lymphoid compartments. (wikipedia.org)
Dworzak MN, Fritsch G, Fröschl G, Printz D, Gadner H. Four-color flow cytometric investigation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoid precursors in pediatric bone marrow: CD79a expression precedes CD19 in early B-cell ontogeny. (bdbiosciences.com)
Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. (jci.org)
Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. (jci.org)
Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. (jci.org)
The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. (jci.org)
These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. (jci.org)
Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that gonadal steroids exert effects on the development of B cells in bone marrow. (jci.org)
Androgens also exert effects on B cell development in bone marrow. (jci.org)
In contrast, TNF often acts on cell types other than osteoclasts, or synergically with RANKL to indirectly promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. (frontiersin.org)
Normal bone remodeling requires a delicate balance between the activities of major bone cell types: bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Osteoclasts are bone cells derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage and are exclusively responsible for bone resorption, which contributes to skeletal development, bone homeostasis, and remodeling. (frontiersin.org)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia, ALL) is a malignant (clonal) disease of the bone marrow in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoietic cells of the marrow. (medscape.com)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Bone marrow shows proliferation of large and heterogeneous lymphoblasts consistent with pre-B-cell ALL (French-American-British L2 morphology). (medscape.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection diagnosed by a bone marrow biopsy and DNA next-generation sequencing in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. (umn.edu)
Natural killer cell homing and persistence in the bone marrow after adoptive immunotherapy correlates with better leukemia control. (umn.edu)
Sexually Dimorphic Increases in Bone Mass Following Tissue-specific Overexpression of Runx1 in Osteoclast Precursors. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Coupled with reports that allogeneic MSCs have immunoprivileged status and immunomodulatory properties, there has been considerable interest in exploring the use of these cells as a therapeutic option for bone repair. (hindawi.com)
Cytokine-induced killer cells eradicate bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. (unito.it)

In this chapter, we will focus on IL-21's biological effects and signaling pathways as well as discuss the potential implications and applications of IL-21 in leukemia cells. (intechopen.com)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)

PrP plays a role in apoptosis in a cell context-dependent manner, is involved in proliferation of epithelial cells and in distribution of junction-associated proteins in human enterocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Thymoma originates within the epithelial cells of the thymus, a lymphoid organ located in the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)

Some human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells develop into NK cells when stimulated by the several cytokines including interleukin-7, interleukin-15, and stem cell factor. (umn.edu)
Runx1 and Runx2 inhibit fibrotic conversion of cellular niches for hematopoietic stem cells. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Recent studies have uncovered key intrinsic mechanisms by which TNF acts on osteoclast precursors to restrain osteoclastogenesis, including the mechanisms mediated by RBP-J signaling, RBP-J and ITAM (Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) crosstalk, RBP-J mediated regulatory network, NF- κ B p100, IRF8, and Def6. (frontiersin.org)

1998, J. Biol. (biosave.com)

ALL is a malignant clonal proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells, most commonly of the B-cell lineage (B-ALL). (biomedcentral.com)

In normal lymphoid tissue, recirculating resting B cells migrate through the FDC networks, whereas antigen-activated B cells are intercepted and undergo clonal expansion within the FDC networks, generating germinal centers (GC). (wikipedia.org)
Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. (elifesciences.org)

Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
Cyclosporine suppresses some humoral immunity and, to a greater extent, cell-mediated immune reactions (eg, delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejection, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and graft-vs-host disease) for various organs. (medscape.com)
6 , 7 Murine DCs with the reciprocal CD8α + CD11b − phenotype, although present at various levels in all lymphoid organs, represent the prototype of the DC population resident in the postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)

1998;1996) Due to this vasodilating effect arginine can be considered to be one of the amino-acids that might promote hair growth, either through oral supplements or even topical application. (nicehair.org)

The Development of Dendritic Cell Lineages. (cls.edu.cn)
Similarly, destruction of neonatally abundant pluripotent stem cells would likely have a more pervasive outcome than destruction of The value of incorporating immunologic appeared more severe and/or persistent when single lineages or differentiated cells that pre- data for the toxicologic assessment of drugs, the exposure occurred perinatally when com- dominate in adults. (cdc.gov)

These aberrant lymphoblasts proliferate, reducing the number of the normal marrow elements that produce other blood cell lines (red blood cells, platelets, and neutrophils). (medscape.com)
Recent compelling evidence has demonstrated that T cells are actually crucial in the pathogenesis of SLE in that they enhance the production of autoantibodies by offering substantial help to B cells through stimulating the latter to differentiate, proliferate, and mature, in addition to their support on class-switching of autoantibodies which B cells are expressing [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)

11. Wu L , Scollay R, Egerton M, Pearse M, Spangrude GJ, Shortman K. CD4 expressed on earliest T-lineage precursor cells in the adult murine thymus. (cls.edu.cn)
In early life, the thymus is responsible for the development and maturation of cell-mediated immunologic functions. (medscape.com)
In this study, the finding that a significant proportion of all dendritic cells (DCs) resident in vivo in the human postnatal thymus displayed a myeloid-related phenotype prompted us to re-examine the developmental origin of thymic DCs, a cell type hitherto considered to represent a homogeneous lymphoid-derived population. (ashpublications.org)
We also demonstrate that phenotypically and functionally equivalent myeloid precursors devoid of T-cell potential do exist in vivo in the postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)
Taken together, these data challenge the current view that the thymus is colonized by a lymphoid-restricted progenitor and provide evidence that a more immature precursor population with lymphoid and myelomonocytic potential is actually seeding the human postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)

1998, J. Immunol. (biosave.com)

This condition arises from immature T cells in more than 80% of cases and immature B cells in the remainder of cases. (medscape.com)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The main players in innate immunity in the lungs include the airway epithelium itself, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. (vitamindwiki.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

They capture immune complexes in CR1/2-dependent way either directly from the lymph or from macrophages, and move to the lymphoid tissue, where they transfer complement opsonized antigen to the FDCs. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. (frontiersin.org)
It has recently been shown that murine intestinal macrophages are continually repopulated from circulating blood monocytes, identified by expression of the cell surface markers Ly6C, CCR2, and CD62L ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)

2002). In a previous study we identified a co-expressed transcriptional signature which contained genes which were specifically expressed in the FAE and by M cells (Kobayashi et al. (cancerhappens.com)
2002). Because of this insufficiency it isn't possible to review the part of RelA and RelB in the FAE as well as the M cells within it using RelA- or RelB-deficient mice given that they absence Peyers areas. (cancerhappens.com)

The malignant cells of ALL are lymphoid precursor cells (ie, lymphoblasts) that are arrested in an early stage of development. (medscape.com)
Conclusions Bcl2 , Myc and Ccnd1 or Bcl2 , Myc and CCND3 synergistically transformed mouse primary B cells into aggressive malignant cells. (haematologica.org)
This agent is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis and cell reproduction in malignant cells. (medscape.com)

however, because lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are known to represent the same disease entity, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification has unified these entities as precursor B-cell and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] ETP-ALL frequently has mutations in RUNX1 and/or ETV6 in addition to genes that are more commonly associated with myeloid neoplasms and are otherwise rare in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (such as FLT3 , IDH1/2 , TET2 , and DNMT3A mutations). (medscape.com)
Non-ETP subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, in contrast, are associated with activating NOTCH1 mutations in over half of all patients and an additional 10% to 15% of cases have FBXW7 mutations, which also result in increased NOTCH signaling. (medscape.com)
In large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells involvement of body fluid this concept becomes less challenging. (cytojournal.com)
Large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells tend to have large size nuclei, less mature chromatin, and visible nucleoli with and without cytoplasmic vacuoles. (cytojournal.com)
The image below shows pre-B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL). (medscape.com)
I have expertise in novel therapies for acute myeloid leukemia, stem cell mobilization and homing, as well as stem cell transplantation. (rochester.edu)
Aberrant activation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) has been identified in several cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (oncotarget.com)
Several possible mechanisms were considered for the induction of human leukemia, such as clastogenic damage to circulatory stem cells. (who.int)
Differential effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on the proliferation of human lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells. (unito.it)
Effect of lithium on normal and chronic granulocytic leukemia colony forming cells (CFU-GM). (unito.it)
To characterize gene expression signatures in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells associated with known genotypic abnormalities in adult patients. (aacrjournals.org)
After more than four decades of intensive research, the cellular origins of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) have been well defined, and several distinct genetic mechanisms that lead to malignant transformation of these cells have been identified ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
RUNX1-positive leukemia cells in preclinical models. (lu.se)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Myeloid cell populations isolated from colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or murine dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls. (frontiersin.org)
Recommended Dilution: Flow Cytometry: Use 10ul to label 10e6 cells. (biosave.com)

In mice lacking B cells, or with blocked TNF-a and lymphotoxin (LT) production, cells with FDC phenotype are missing. (wikipedia.org)
Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. (jci.org)
iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)
We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
Although our data showed that the specific expression of CCL20 and ubiquitin D in the FAE was not impeded in the absence of c-Rel, the expression of ubiquitin D was dramatically reduced in the B cell-follicles of c-Rel-deficient mice. (cancerhappens.com)
Coincident with this, we also observed that the status of follicular dendritic cells in the B cell-follicles was dramatically reduced in Peyers patches from c-Rel-deficient mice. (cancerhappens.com)
A study from 2011 on mice with an overexpression of arginase showed that they develop hypoarginiemia along with reduced hair and muscle growth as well as impaired B-cell maturation. (nicehair.org)
1-5 In mice, DCs bearing the myeloid marker CD11b (Mac-1), but lacking CD8α, derive efficiently from myeloid precursors and represent the major DC subset in the periphery. (ashpublications.org)
Germ-cell deficient (gcd), an insertional mutation manifested as infertility in transgenic mice. (shengsci.com)

TNF-a binds on the TNFRI receptor, while LT interacts with LTβ-receptor expressed on FDC precursors. (wikipedia.org)
B cells lacking CXCR5, the receptor for CXCL13, still enter the white pulp, but are mislocalized and disorganized. (wikipedia.org)
4. Carotta S, Dakic A, D'Amico A, Pang SHM, Greig KT, Nutt SL and Wu L . The Transcription Factor PU.1 Controls Dendritic Cell Development and Flt3 Cytokine Receptor Expression in a Dose Dependent Manner. (cls.edu.cn)
Heterogeneous antigen expression is a key barrier influencing the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. (nature.com)
Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor α (pTα) gene transcriptional activation. (ashpublications.org)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Studies have shown that the enzyme 1a- hydroxylase, which catalyzes the last and rate limiting step in the synthesis of active 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which mediates the actions of vitamin D, are expressed widely in the body, including the lungs and cells of the immune system. (vitamindwiki.com)

In: 'Regulation of the Immune System: Genes and the Cells in which They Function,' Vol. VI, eds. (uni-mainz.de)
Furthermore, single-cell-based proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of D4-IgG4H-CD28TM CAR T cells reveals specific genes (e.g. (nature.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
Thus, vertebrate HB9/MNR2 genes are expressed specifically in somatic motoneurons and are essential for distinguishing motoneuron/interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)
Results Primary B cells exogenously expressing Bcl2 , Myc and Ccnd1 showed factor-independent growth ability, enhanced colony-forming capability and aggressive oncogenicity, unlike the cases observed with the expression of any combination of only two of the genes. (haematologica.org)
These genes are transcriptionally deregulated as the partner genes of IgH translocation, and are thus thought to perform crucial roles in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
2 A synergistic effect resulting from a combination of two genes from BCL2 , MYC and CCND1 has been implicated in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
7 Importantly, it is believed that other hitherto unknown genes also play important roles in lymphomagenesis in addition to the synergistic effects of the aforementioned two oncogenes since human B-cell lymphomas often show a variety of genes subject to alterations and/or deregulated expression. (haematologica.org)
A variety of cell stimuli activate NF-B transcription factors which in-turn induces the transcription of multiple target genes (May and Ghosh, 1998). (cancerhappens.com)
The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)

To improve the response rate in B cell malignancies and translate the success of CAR T cells to solid tumors, the optimization of this class of therapeutics is required. (nature.com)
and lymphoid malignancies that originate from NK cells including aggressive neoplasms associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. (umn.edu)

Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. (hindawi.com)

Follicular DCs are a non-migratory population found in primary and secondary follicles of the B cell areas of lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). (wikipedia.org)
The equivalents of human blood and spleen dendritic cell subtypes can be generated in vitro from human CD34+ stem cells in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and thrombopoietin. (cls.edu.cn)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

Different growth factor requirements for the ex vivo amplification of transplantable human cord blood cells in a NOD/SCID mouse model. (unito.it)

The T-cell phenotype accounts for more than 80% of cases, with the remainder of B-cell origin. (medscape.com)

Mouse Notch-1 is synthesized as a 2531 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains an 18 aa signal sequence, a 1707 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with 36 EGF-like repeats and three Lin-12/notch repeats (LNR), a 21 aa transmembrane (TM) segment and a 785 aa cytoplasmic domain that contains six ankyrin repeats, a glutamine-rich domain and a PEST sequence. (rndsystems.com)
An 11-amino acid cyclic peptide and natural product of fungi, cyclosporine acts on T-cell replication and activity. (medscape.com)

We employed in vitro cultures and two in vivo models to investigate whether androgens exert these effects directly on marrow lymphoid precursors or whether actions on marrow stromal elements are required. (jci.org)
Grzywacz's research with Michael Verneris, Jeffrey Miller and others on the development of NK cells using an in-vitro system revealed that these cells may be derived from myeloid developmental pathway. (umn.edu)
EA also enhanced the cytotoxicity of both fludarabine and cyclophosphamide against CLL cells in vitro. (oncotarget.com)
In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Differences in the in vitro growth pattern of fresh and cryopreserved granulo-monopoietic precursors. (unito.it)

Lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas are neoplasms of precursor T cells and B cells or lymphoblasts. (medscape.com)

Genetic alterations of BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2), MYC [v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)] and CCND1 (cyclin D1) are the most frequently found alterations in human B-cell lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
About 4% of cases of diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma possess BCL2/MYC double translocations, suggesting a synergistic effect of BCL2 and MYC in lymphoma development. (haematologica.org)
8 - 12 Cases of CCND1/MYC double translocation are relatively frequent in mantle cell lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
Importantly, human B-cell lymphoma cases with concurrent multiple translocations including BCL2 , MYC and CCND1 have been reported. (haematologica.org)
T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma - a distinct clinicopathologic entity or a variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma? (llu.edu)
I am an MRC Clinician Scientist and Honorary Consultant Paediatric Oncologist, providing a clinical service for young people with lymphoma or Langerhans cell histiocytosis at the Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle. (ncl.ac.uk)
Our aim is to deeply characterise paediatric B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma to provide a comprehensive understanding of disease initiation and evolution in response to therapy. (ncl.ac.uk)

The progressive accumulation of leukemic cells is mostly ascribed to extended cellular survival rather than excessive cellular proliferation [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
90% leukemic cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
We have examined the effects of a stromal cell-derived cytokine designated interleukin 11 (IL-11) on the proliferation of murine hemopoietic progenitors in methylcellulose culture. (shengsci.com)

Follicular DCs develop from putative mesenchymal precursors. (wikipedia.org)
MSC = multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell. (hindawi.com)

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of the B cell areas of the lymphoid tissue. (wikipedia.org)
They form a stable network due to intercellular connections between FDCs processes and intimate interaction with follicular B cells. (wikipedia.org)
Follicular DCs network typically forms the center of the follicle and does not extend from the follicle to the interfollicular regions or T-cell zone. (wikipedia.org)
To generate follicular structures, FDCs need to be stimulated by lymphotoxin (LT), a mediator produced by B cells. (wikipedia.org)

Immunity, 9:839-847, 1998. (cls.edu.cn)
Since iNKT cell activation can prevent or promote immunopathology in diverse disease contexts, the strict control of peripheral iNKT cell homeostasis is vital to regulate local immunity. (elifesciences.org)

Mechanisms regulating T cell homing. (anid.cl)
The signaling mechanisms of IL-21 in different cell types have been identified. (intechopen.com)
Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)

Dr. Grzywacz is a hematopathologist whose research interests include the development, normal function, and diseases involving natural killer (NK) cells as well as their therapeutic potential. (umn.edu)
Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)

I also work closely with UK and European colleagues (iBFM, EICNHL, ESID) to develop our understanding of development of lymphoid malignancy in children with inherited immune deficiency or DNA repair disorders and provide the paediatric clinical service for Langerhans cell histiocytosis and collaborate with Newcastle Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory ( http://www.hudendritic.org/ ) run by Professor Matt Collin. (ncl.ac.uk)

MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells show specific changes in membrane protein expression during different stages of cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)

As many as 30-40% of patients who have a thymoma experience symptoms suggestive of MG. An additional 5% of patients who have a thymoma have other systemic syndromes, including red cell aplasia, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Cushing syndrome, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). (medscape.com)

Yet, if and how the tissue environment shapes the antigen specificity of iNKT cells remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
A study on intestinal arginine production for neonatal development concluded that arginine deficiency is correlated with a degree of retardation in hair and muscle growth as well as the development of the lymphoid tissue. (nicehair.org)

In addition, cytoplasmic vacuoles are not uncommon in large cell lymphomas involving body cavities. (cytojournal.com)
Background A synergistic effect resulting from a combination of BCL2 and MYC or MYC and CCND1 has been implicated in human B-cell lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of 'small' B cell lymphomas. (llu.edu)
Diffuse large cell lymphomas and their mimics. (llu.edu)
B-cell lymphomas. (llu.edu)

Interaction between FDCs precursors and lymphoid cells mediated by TNF-a and lymphotoxin (LT) is crucial for normal FDC development and maintenance. (wikipedia.org)
9. Wu L , D'Amico A, Winkel K.D, Suter M, Lo D, Shortman K. RelB is essential for the development of Myeloid-related CD8a- dendritic cells but not of lymphoid-related CD8a+ dendritic cells. (cls.edu.cn)
Our results thus identify an unexpected noncell autonomous role for mitochondria in the regulation of cellular lifespan and provide a basis for the coordinated development of gametic and nongametic cells. (shengsci.com)
Toward this end, an insertional transgenic mouse mutant has been isolated that results in abnormal germ-cell development. (shengsci.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Possible functions of FDC include: organizing lymphoid tissue's cells and microarchitecture, capturing antigen to support B cell, promoting debris removal from germinal centers, and protecting against autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
Supposedly, this separation from the sites of earliest antigen processing and capture provide a protected environment in which opsonized antigens can be displayed for a long time without being proteolyzed or removed by phagocytic cells. (wikipedia.org)
To become selected as a future memory cell, GC B cells must bind the antigen presented on FDCs, otherwise they enter apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Noncognate (not antigen specific) B cells play a significant role in the transport of antigens to FDCs. (wikipedia.org)
Activated B-cells with low affinity to antigen captured on FDCs surface as well as autoreactive B-cells undergo apoptosis, whereas B cells bound to FDCs through the antigen complex, survive due to apoptosis blockage caused by interaction with FDCs. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we develop CAR T cells targeting glypican-1 (GPC1), an oncofetal antigen expressed in pancreatic cancer. (nature.com)
CAR T-cell potency is highly dependent on target antigen expression, and CARs often fail to exert their antitumor activities when antigen expression is low or below a certain threshold. (nature.com)
Despite this prototypical TCR repertoire gene usage, in recent years it has become apparent that there are variations within the iNKT cell repertoire that ultimately impact the antigen recognition capacity and consequently the functional outcomes during an immune response. (elifesciences.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are hematopoietic-derived highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that display potent ability to induce both specific immune responses and deletion of potentially autoreactive T cells. (ashpublications.org)
T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)

Thus, Drosophila HB9 is required in a subset of motoneurons and interneurons for establishing proper axon projections but does not have a general role in distinguishing motoneuron and interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)

Anatomy67

Organisms24

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs77

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Differentiation15

Lymphocytes14

Tumor12

Common precursor3

Tissues8

Myeloid and lymphoid1

Bone22

Pathways3

Epithelial cells3

Hematopoietic stem2

Osteoclast precursors1

Biol1

Progenitor cells1

Clonal2

Receptors4

Organs3

19961

Lineages2

Proliferate3

Thymus5

Immunol1

Immature1

Innate4

Macrophages7

20022

Malignant cells3

Leukemia15

Differentiate1

Flow cytometry2

Mice9

Receptor8

Genes15

Malignancies2

Stromal cells1

Spleen3

SCID1

Phenotype1

Amino acid2

Vitro5

Lymphoblasts1

Lymphoma7

Leukemic2

Murine2

Mesenchymal2

Follicular4

Immunity2

Mechanisms4

Therapeutic3

Dendritic cell1

Immune system4

Lymphocytic1

Systemic lupus erythem1

Tissue2

Lymphomas5

Development5

Antigen10

Subset1