1997 cell biology clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

English embryologist who in 1996 supervised the team of scientists that produced a lamb named Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a cell from an adult. (todayinsci.com)
Prior to 1996, it was thought that cloning an entire animal could only be done with embryonic cells - cells present in the early stages of an organism's development. (cshl.edu)
Komatsu, T., Moriya, N. and Shiohara, T. (1996) T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and function of human epidermal T cells: Restricted TCR V alpha-V beta genes are utilized by T cells residing in the lesional epidermis in fixed drug eruption. (scirp.org)
Yamanaka also noted that experiments in cloning Dolly the sheep in 1996, conducted by Ian Wilmut, Angelica Schnieke, Jim McWhir, Alex Kind, and Keith Campbell at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, influenced his work. (asu.edu)
Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
Using these assays, researchers demonstrated that NLVs caused a majority of foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks in Minnesota and approximately 96% of 90 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis reported to CDC during January 1996--June 1997 ( 34,35 ). (cdc.gov)

The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
The video clarifies the scientific process that led to Dolly's creation, explores how media and political leaders responded to the birth with surprise and fear, and how Dolly influenced the ongoing debate over the use of human embryos in stem cell research. (retroreport.org)
How public and political anxiety over cloning in the late 1990s led to decades of debate over the use of human embryos. (retroreport.org)
How did the Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka sidestep the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research? (retroreport.org)
To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority published the consultation piece Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research, in 2007. (asu.edu)
When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)

This 13-minute video shows students both the scientific and cultural context surrounding Dolly, the world's first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)
They saw the cloning of Dolly as a step on that road. (retroreport.org)
Is Dolly an exact clone of the nucleus donor? (retroreport.org)
Dr. Ian Wilmut's group changed that in 1997 with the creation of Dolly the sheep. (cshl.edu)
Long before the birth of Dolly the sheep, clones had been observed in both nature and in the laboratory. (cshl.edu)
Scientists found that Dolly had the same DNA as the udder cells she came from. (cshl.edu)
The cloning method used by the lab in Hawaii was different in two ways from the method used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)
Since the world said hello to Dolly, several other animals have also been cloned. (cshl.edu)
cows have also been cloned using ovary and cumulus cells with the same method that was used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)
The Dolly experiment showed that scientists could reprogram the nucleus of somatic cells by transferring the contents of the nucleus into oocytes that have had their nuclei removed, a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)

Molecular and Cellular Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. He is a basic science researcher by training in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology and has been conducting clinical research for the past 20 years at Nemours. (nemours.org)
2013) The molecular basis for Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell recognition of MR1 proteins. (scirp.org)
The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for the catalytic subunit of plant DNA polymerase alpha and its cell-cycle dependent expression. (neb.com)
Many molecular components involved in plant cell wall polymer synthesis have been identified, but it remains largely unknown how these molecular players function together to define the length and decoration pattern of a polysaccharide. (mdpi.com)
During the early 1990s, breakthroughs in cloning and sequencing of Norwalk virus and Southampton virus ( 15--18 ) led to the development of sensitive molecular assays (e.g., reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]), nucleotide hybridization probes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that used baculovirus-expressed viral antigens ( 19--33 ). (cdc.gov)
Identification of the Menkes gene by positional cloning has enabled molecular diagnosis of females who carry the gene and at-risk fetuses in certain families, enhancing preventive efforts. (medscape.com)

Alvarez JD, Yasui DH, Niida H, Joh T, Loh DY, Kohwi-Shigematsu T. The MAR-binding protein SATB1 orchestrates temporal and spatial expression of multiple genes during T-cell development. (bdbiosciences.com)
Although each of these cells has the same genetic material, each cell can only access the genes needed for its particular function. (cshl.edu)
In this study, the 3A and 3AB genes of O/TWN/97 were cloned using pREST, pET43 and pBlueBacHis2 plasmids. (ncl.edu.tw)
Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
00:00:53.17 to biological clocks, 00:00:55.13 first talk about the genes, 00:00:57.27 and then about the clocks in cells, 00:01:00.22 and then how they're organized in the body. (ibiology.org)
After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
If one of the infected cells showed G418 resistance, then the scientists would know that one of the twenty-four genes influenced the cell to become an embryonic stem cell-like cell. (asu.edu)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

As our successes with cloning continue to mount, the chances for any of these teams to reproduce an extinct or endangered mammal will improve. (singularityhub.com)
How scientists created the first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)
What was embryologist Bill Ritchie's procedural method for cloning an adult mammal? (retroreport.org)
Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)

1998) Comparative sequence analysis of the human T cell receptor beta chain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondylarthropathies: Evidence for antigenic selection of T cells in the synovium. (scirp.org)

Fertilization of mammalian eggs is followed by successive cell divisions and progressive differentiation, first into the early embryo and subsequently into all of the cell types that make up the adult animal. (todayinsci.com)
The first offspring to develop from a differentiated cell were born after nuclear transfer from an embryo-derived cell line that had been induced to became quiescent. (todayinsci.com)
Using the same procedure, we now report the birth of live lambs from three new cell populations established from adult mammary gland, fetus and embryo. (todayinsci.com)
Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
If a cloned embryo can be created, we need to discuss, before transplanting it into the womb, how to breed [the mammoth] and whether to display it to the public. (singularityhub.com)
Nor is the embryo just a "fertilized egg", or just a "clump of cells", or appear only when the zygote is formed, or appear later after the zygote is formed, or appear after implantation - or even a week after that at 14-days. (lifeissues.net)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

J Cell Biol (2000) 148 (6): 1213-1222. (silverchair.com)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)

Cloning and characterization of the 5'-upstream sequence governing the cell cycle-dependent transcription of mouse DNA polymerase alpha 68 kDa subunit gene. (neb.com)
2009). Isolation and characterization of cancer stem like cells in human glioblastoma cell lines. (igem.org)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
Therefore, the 1H91 clonal cell line may provide an in vitro model for studying the underlying cellular mechanisms of the type-1 astrocyte in reactive gliosis. (illinois.edu)
Engler, O.B., Strasser, I., Naisbitt, D.J., Cerny, A. and Pichler, W.J. (2004) A chemically inert drug can stimulate T cells in vitro by their T cell receptor in non-sensitised individuals. (scirp.org)
Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
2009). Physiologic Oxygen Concentration Enhances the Stem-Like Properties of CD133+ Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. (igem.org)
The in vitro effects of metronidazole on the production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were studied by means of nitroblue tetrazolium and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. (who.int)

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 75, 1147-1155. (igem.org)

In addition, this cell population might be a novel therapeutic target for AML. (researchsquare.com)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Metronidazole selectively radiosensitizes of metronidazole (in a range of therapeutic hypoxic cells without influencing the ra- concentrations) on PMN-generated free diation response of normal well-oxygenated radicals during phagocytosis activity in cells [ 5,7-9 ]. (who.int)

Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)
Yamanaka and others hypothesized that retroviruses could influence somatic cells to become stem cells. (asu.edu)
Other research groups such as Masako Tada's group in Japan in 2001 and Chad CowanÆs group in Massachusetts in 2005 combined embryonic stem cells with somatic cells to produce pluripotent cells. (asu.edu)
Due to its location on the X chromosome, and due to X inactivation in female somatic cells, only one mutation is required in either males or females to abolish the expression of GPI-linked proteins. (medscape.com)

J Cell Biol (2002) 156 (3): 425-436. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2006) 175 (3): 491-503. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2002) 159 (4): 673-683. (silverchair.com)

New techniques in cloning frozen mammals may allow scientists to bring back the mammoth. (singularityhub.com)
More than a decade after their first attempt, a team of Japanese scientists have announced that they will aim to clone a woolly mammoth in the next five years. (singularityhub.com)
As we recently discussed , scientists have been pursuing cloning endangered and extinct species with middling success. (singularityhub.com)
In February 1997 the cloning of a sheep sent shock waves around the globe and triggered fears of overreach by scientists. (retroreport.org)
In the 1950s, scientists generated entire frogs from embryonic frog cells. (cshl.edu)
The scientists at the Roslin Institute solved this problem by growing sheep udder cells under starvation conditions. (cshl.edu)
The scientists have taken cells from Cumulina to make more clones. (cshl.edu)
Scientists hope to use cloned pigs to grow organs that can be transplanted into humans. (cshl.edu)
Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, along with John Gurdon, as their work showed scientists how to reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent. (asu.edu)
Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (asu.edu)

Combined with simple proliferative responses, the identified nucleotides are also shown to have functional consequences by inducing T cell proliferation for CD4/V β 20-1 + T cells, while failing to induce proliferation in other T cell isolates. (scirp.org)
Chemotherapy is based on the principle that, as in myeloma, proliferation of a plasma cell clone causes L chain-type amyloidosis. (medscape.com)

Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)

Viable Offspring Derived from Petal and Adult Mammalian Cells', Nature (1997), 385 , 810. (todayinsci.com)
To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
However, both the accumulation of splicing factors at sites of pre-mRNA synthesis as well as pre-mRNA splicing are dramatically reduced, demonstrating that IGC disassembly perturbs coordination between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei. (rupress.org)
Mammalian Cdc25 phosphatase is responsible for the dephosphorylation of Cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases at Thr14 and Tyr15, thus activating the kinase and allowing cell cycle progression. (embl.de)
CD133+ hunting machines will be created by genetically engineering microglial cells (BV-2) with two constructs using mammalian expression vectors. (igem.org)

We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)

Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)

13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
A strong correlation between synapse size and the probability of presynaptic release has lead to speculation that the regulation of synapse size could participate in the mechanisms of neural development and activity-dependent plasticity ( Schikorski and Stevens, 1997 ). (rupress.org)

For instance, in a sheep, udder cells could generate other udder cells, but not an entire sheep. (cshl.edu)
An egg cell was taken from another sheep. (cshl.edu)
Although the egg cell came from a black-faced sheep, notice that the nucleus with the genetic material came from the white-faced sheep. (cshl.edu)
These fused egg cells were then inserted into several different sheep. (cshl.edu)
Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)

Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nationalacademies.org)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

1994) T cell receptor V alpha repertoire of infiltrating T cells in labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. (scirp.org)

Wucherpfennig, K.W. and Hafler, D.A. (1995) A review of T-cell receptors in multiple sclerosis: Clonal expansion and persistence of human T-cells specific for an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide. (scirp.org)

The encoded protein may be essential for terminal differentiation and functional maturation of committed granulocyte progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
The fact that a lamb was derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required far development to term. (todayinsci.com)
function of proliferative responses provoked in the induction cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, phase of contact allergy, the murine local lymph node assay serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and (LLNA), has been accepted as a stand-alone method for skin eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of sensitization testing (NIH, 1999). (cdc.gov)

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug used to treat infections and has been studied in the treatment of cancer [10,11] as a radiosensitizer drug, especially for hypoxic cells [9]. (who.int)
tizer drug, especially for hypoxic cells [ 9 ]. (who.int)

The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
Whilst it is targeted at 14-18 year olds, 'Biotechnology and Cloning' assumes a high level of knowledge on an ambitious range of hard to grasp topics, none of which are directly explained in the book. (progress.org.uk)
Buy Biotechnology and Cloning from Amazon UK . (progress.org.uk)

Production of the fusion polypeptide involves the introduction of the hybrid gene into a biological host cell system, for example yeast cells, which permits the expression and accumulation of the fusion polypeptide. (justia.com)
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
1974. In: Biological handbooks: Biology data book. (cdc.gov)

1997). Degradation of Amyloid β-Protein by a Metalloprotease Secreted by Microglia and Other Neural and Non-neural Cells. (igem.org)

Those fears led President Clinton to ban the use of federal funds for cloning humans. (retroreport.org)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Actually, the available evidence has recently been suggested that LSCs, which are capable of developing identical daughter cells as well as differentiated cells and maintaining AML [ 6 , 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Simply put, clones are organisms that have identical genetic material. (cshl.edu)
When a couple has identical twins (or identical triplets, etc.), the children are clones of one another. (cshl.edu)
At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)

Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. (rupress.org)
Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

SATB1 is expressed by thymocytes (especially single positive CD4+ thymocytes), T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD64 is a 72 kD single chain type I glycoprotein also known as FcγRI and FcR I. CD64 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated granulocytes. (biolegend.com)

The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells also reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to became quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells. (todayinsci.com)

A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)
Most of these efforts are focused on donor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
The egg cell now had the same genetic information as the nucleus donor mouse. (cshl.edu)

1992) T cell receptor repertoire of infiltrating T cells in lips of Sjogren's syndrome patients. (scirp.org)

As part of its charge, the committee was asked to prepare a subreport evaluating methods for detecting potential unintended compositional changes across the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, metabolites and nutrients that may occur in food derived from cloned animals that have not been genetically modified via genetic engineering methods. (nationalacademies.org)
2009). Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Direct Delivery of Reprogramming Proteins. (igem.org)
This classification was abandoned because of the observation that surface proteins were missing not only in the RBC membrane but also in all blood cells, including the platelet and white cells. (medscape.com)
The common denominator in the disease, a biochemical defect, appears to be a genetic mutation leading to the inability to synthesize the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that binds these proteins to cell membranes. (medscape.com)

In 1991, we reported the cloning of a T cell specific transcription factor that we termed TCF1 (1). (hubrecht.eu)

This put the cells in a state similar to embryonic cells. (cshl.edu)
After examination, Takahashi and Yamanaka concluded that the cells were similar to embryonic stem cells and duplicated themselves in similar periods of as embryonic stem cells. (asu.edu)

They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation. (asu.edu)

This methodology facilitates the isolation and recovery of the fusion peptide from the host cells by exploiting the physico-chemical properties of the fusion partner. (justia.com)
fication and isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sort- ing (FACS). (lu.se)

The cells were preincubated with Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 antibody (Mouse BD Fc Block™) (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Is our human Trustain FcX™ (cat# 422302) compatible with anti human CD16, CD32 and CD64 clones 3G8, FUN-2 and 10.1 respectively? (biolegend.com)

Nearly half of neural cells die by apoptosis during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

Even the most sophisticated non-animal methodologies cannot mimic the complicated interactions among cells, tissues and organs that occur in living beings. (nyu.edu)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

Proteomic and enzymatic assay studies, in which cells were grown on a complete medium (Luria broth) plus glycerol, reported overexpression of the fbp gene and at lower levels aceBA operon [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Recombinant Human IgG4 kappa (mutant), clone AbD18705_hIgG4_Pro is a recombinant human IgG4 antibody with a kappa light chain and a mutation S228P in the core hinge region. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Finally, the use of a fusion partner may enable the production of a peptide which would otherwise be too small to accumulate and recover efficiently from a recombinant host cell system. (justia.com)

We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)

Since then the debate on applying the technique to clone human beings has been ongoing. (cshl.edu)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)

The nucleus (which contains the genetic material) was removed from the egg cell using a very fine needle. (cshl.edu)
They then used electric shock to fuse one starved udder cell with one nucleus-free egg cell. (cshl.edu)
Second the nucleus was removed from the cumulus cell and then directly injected into the egg cell. (cshl.edu)

Long-term clonal culturing of organoids from Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
However, in earlier studies, clonal analysis was restricted by the lack of a cell marker, present at all times, that makes a distinction between the two parental cell types in situ. (asu.edu)

Moreover, the CD34 + CD38 - progenitor cells expressed variable amounts of the target receptor CD33, CD133 and c-kit (CD117) [ 20 ]. (researchsquare.com)
2011) Shared and restricted T-cell receptor use is crucial for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (scirp.org)
2012) Structural insight into MR1-mediated recognition of the mucosal associated invariant T cell receptor. (scirp.org)
2007). Adoptive Transfer of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Re-directed Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Clones in Patients with Neuroblastoma. (igem.org)

Also, these cell populations directly correlated with poor survival [ 2 , 5 ]. (researchsquare.com)
11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)
We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)

In the final stage, we will then hopefully be able to modify the system accordingly, to serve medical purposes: identification and elimination of CD133+ cells and hence contributing towards preventing the fatal consequences of Glioblastoma multiforme. (igem.org)

We have established a permanent cell line (1H91) of putative type-1 astrocyte precursor cells that were clonally derived from a single cell isolated from E16 mouse cerebellum. (illinois.edu)

While both contain the EC3 domain, in-house testing suggests that clone 10.1 preferentially binds to CD64A (FcγRIA), but not CD64B (FcγRIB). (biolegend.com)

Metronidazole selectively radiosensitizes hypoxic cells without influencing the radiation response of normal well-oxygenated cells [5,7-9]. (who.int)

Left Plots - CD62L expression on mouse bone marrow cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
We examined the CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cells on bone marrow samples of hematologic malignancies and healthy controls using four-color flow cytometry experiments. (researchsquare.com)
Interestingly, the CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cells were highly expressed in bone marrow of patients with AML compared to that of healthy controls (HC). (researchsquare.com)
In this study, we focused on measuring LSCs easily in the bone marrow cells from AML patients by developing a four-color flow cytometric analysis. (researchsquare.com)
Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are adult stem cells, located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (intechopen.com)
Silencing of the EBF3 locus was observed in brain, colorectal, breast, liver, and bone tumor cell lines and its reactivation was achieved on treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A in a significant portion of these tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

Anatomy35

Organisms21

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes75

Disciplines and Occupations27

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Humanities5

Information Science12

Named Groups1

Health Care3

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Embryos10

Dolly12

Molecular9

Genes14

Mammal4

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Embryo7

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Characterization2

Vitro7

Journal of Leukocyte Biology1

Therapeutic3

Somatic13

Biol3

Scientists10

Proliferation2

Wilmut1

Mammalian5

Genetically identical2

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Plasticity2

Sheep5

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19951

Differentiation3

Especially for hypoxic cells2

Biotechnology3

Biological3

Degradation1

Humans3

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