1992 different phases cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
Further exploration showed that TSPAN12 overexpression accelerated proliferation and colony formation of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 OC cells. (molcells.org)
Knockdown of TSPAN12 expression in A2780 and SKOV3 cells decreased both proliferation and colony formation. (molcells.org)
Cancer cells obtain a growth advantage through uncontrolled cell proliferation ( Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011 ), which may be caused by mutations that help them adapt to the microenvironment through selective pressure. (molcells.org)
In this study, we investigated how TSPAN12 regulates OC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and found that it contributed to tumor proliferation and poor prognosis in this disease through cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathways. (molcells.org)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
As activation of c-myc expression promotes cell proliferation and blocks differentiation, it may positively regulate cell growth. (wdv.com)
cyclin A function was essential for proliferation of hematopoietic and embryonal stem cells. (immune-source.com)
1997 In the work explained below we decided to revisit the requirement for cyclin A function in cell proliferation using conditional cyclin A knockout mice. (immune-source.com)
1997). In addition, SSTR5 blocks cell proliferation inhibiting MAPK and c-fos (Cordelier et al . (endocrinology-journals.org)
An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
Functional loss of p16 may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
In bio-experiments, BSJPF significantly alleviated the arrested proliferation of KGN cells in G0/G1 phase and reduced the active levels of autophagy and apoptosis of KGN cells induced by testosterone. (bvsalud.org)
Site-specificity of and cell proliferation would allow DPX and cell proliferation formaldehyde-induced lesions in rats and monkeys implicates data to be interpolated from measurement sites to the rest of the regional tissue susceptibility and dose as factors potentially nasal passage. (cdc.gov)

During S-phase, Clb5 and Clb6 are simultaneously expressed with other genes encoding proteins required for individual DNA strand replication and separation. (wikipedia.org)
These gene regulatory proteins control G1/S genes, and their negative regulation assists in shutting off expression of G1 cyclins during S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
3419. M.A. Mancini, D. He, I.I. Ouspenski, B.R. Brinkley, 'Dynamic continuity of nuclear and mitotic matrix proteins in the cell cycle,' J. Cell Biochem. (nanomedicine.com)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)

Glial cell production increases as neurogenesis declines, peaking during the early postnatal period ( Bayer and Altman, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)

Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
GSK3β activates the tumor suppressor tuberin TSC2/TSC1 complex, which in turn inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) also inducing cell apoptosis. (endocrinology-journals.org)
Zac1 is capable of inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (Theodoropoulou et al . (endocrinology-journals.org)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)

For the developer, cell differentiation is the key to cancer therapy. (cancer.gov)
Antineoplastons are the surveillance system that directs cancer cells into normal channels of differentiation . (cancer.gov)
The notion of controlling tumor growth through a naturally occurring biochemical mechanism in the body that directs cancer cells into normal channels of differentiation is one of the theoretical foundations of antineoplaston therapy. (cancer.gov)
The proposed components in the body that correct the differentiation problems of abnormal cells and send them into normal pathways have been given the name "antineoplastons" by the developer. (cancer.gov)
An infection is established in the basal layer of the epithelium, and a complex viral life cycle is carried out, dependent on the differentiation state of the host cell [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As progeny cells migrate towards the epithelial surface, a differentiation pathway is triggered, leading to changes in viral gene expression, genome amplification, and assembly of progeny virions. (biomedcentral.com)
The object of this work has been to investigate the formation and function of GalTase-specific adhesions during F9 cell growth and differentiation. (tmc.edu)
Disruption of GalTase adhesion by exposure to anti-GalTase antibodies during this period resulted in extension of the G2 phase, a result similar to that seen with agents known to inhibit growth and induce differentiation. (tmc.edu)
Finally, other studies have suggested that a subset of cell adhesion molecules have the capability to induce differentiation in EC cells systems. (tmc.edu)
We have determined in F9 cells that dissociating GalTase adhesion by galactosylation of and release of the consociate glycoproteins induces differentiation, as defined by increased laminin synthesis. (tmc.edu)
The ability to induce differentiation by surface galactosylation was greatest in cells grown in cultures promoting cell-cell adhesions, relative to cultures with minimal cell-cell interactions. (tmc.edu)
The best evidence suggests that most are due to abnormal differentiation of fetal germ cells that arise from the fetal yolk sac. (medscape.com)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

After mitosis, daughter cells can either remain proliferative and re-enter the cell cycle or become terminally postmitotic and migrate out of the VZ ( McConnell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)

J. Cancer 28A (1992) 1085-1090. (numdam.org)
Furthermore, di-GA inhibited the generation of lymphendothelial gaps by cancer cell spheroid-secreted lipoxygenase metabolites. (nature.com)
Precis: Pulsed high doses versus sustained low doses of the p53-MDM2 inhibitor HDM201 elicit a pro-apoptotic response from wild-type p53 cancer cells, offering guidance to current clinical trials with this and other drugs that exploit the activity of p53. (bace-signal.com)
At the molecular level, abnormal cells that are potential cancer cells need to be "switched" to normal mode. (cancer.gov)
Serious adverse effects and low selectivity to cancer cells are the main obstacles of long term therapy with Tamoxifen (Tmx). (springer.com)
Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the optimized formula on both breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cells (BHK) showed enhanced selectivity (9.4 folds) on cancerous cells with IC 50 values 4.7 ± 1.5 and 44.3 ± 1.3 μg/ml on cancer and normal cells, respectively. (springer.com)
While, free Tmx exhibited lower selectivity (2.5 folds) than optimized nano-vesicles on cancer cells with IC 50 values of 9.0 ± 1.1 μg/ml and 22.5 ± 5.3 μg/ml on MCF-7 and BHK cells, respectively. (springer.com)
This combination regimen in patients with upper gastrointestinalmalignancies and breast cancer will be investigated as partof phase II studies, once the dose-limiting toxicity is determined. (cancernetwork.com)
Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA . (lookformedical.com)
Purpose: To determine the tolerability and feasibility of double-cycle, high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) after conventional chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide (cisplatin-etoposide [PE]) has long been the mainstay of treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (the-medical-dictionary.com)
risk of basal and squamous cell skin cancer. (who.int)

Papillomaviruses infect epithelial cells of cutaneous or mucosal origin in a variety of vertebrate hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. (lookformedical.com)
It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)

We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
The sequential activation of the members of this family and their phosphorylation of certain substrates promotes the progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

1992. Interactions between marine bacteria and dissolved-phase and beached hydrocarbons after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. (purdue.edu)
The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)
Furthermore, these interactions were aberrant in an adhesion-defective F9 cell line that results, at least in part, from abnormal oligosaccharide synthesis. (tmc.edu)

The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
Present address: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular. (silverchair.com)
High molecular weight cytokeratin (1/68kD, 19/56,6 kD) was replaced by simple cytokeratin (8/52kD, 18/45kD) which is found in neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. (lookformedical.com)
Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)

Clb5 and Clb6 are B-type, S-phase cyclins in yeast that assist in cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Coordination between endoreduplication and cell size regulation. (silverchair.com)
is established upstream of cell cycle regulation. (silverchair.com)
These results show not only that cell type affects cell cycle regulation, but also that changes in the cell cycle can regulate cell type. (silverchair.com)
Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2, CDK2, and CDK4) were significantly involved in the regulation of cell cycle downstream of TSPAN12. (molcells.org)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
The G1 phase is a period of intense metabolic activity and regulation. (janechin.net)
These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
These data indicated that the increase in cell adhesions expected with increased cell-matrix interaction in differentiated F9 cells is not the consequence of increased surface GalTase expression and, more interestingly, that the two pools of GalTase are under differential regulation. (tmc.edu)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)

Directed mutational studies targeting the Clb5 and Clb6 encoding genes have shown that both can activate origins usually replicated early in the cell cycle, but only Clb5 can activate late-stage origins. (wikipedia.org)

Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14 C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. (nature.com)
The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
Very little E1 protein is produced during the course of an infection or in BPV transformed cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The dCK activity of our cell lines varied considerably and differed up to three fold from 5 to 15 pmol/h/mg protein between the tested cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Abrogation by c-myc of G1 phase arrest induced by RB protein but not by p53. (wdv.com)
Replacement of wild-type RB can suppress the tumorigenicity of some of these cells, suggesting that the RB protein (Rb) may negatively regulate cell growth. (wdv.com)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
GalTase expression at both the transcription and protein levels were differentially regulated during the cell cycle, with surface expression greatest in the G1 phase. (tmc.edu)
To analyse the white blood cell count (WBCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) contribution to the diagnosis of AA in children.Methods. (bvsalud.org)

Viral antigen can be detected in liver tissue by using immunohistochemistry techniques, and viral nucleic acid can be detected in serum or tissue samples collected during the acute phase of illness by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)

It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)

S-phase cyclin binding to Cdk1 directly stimulates DNA replication as well as progression to the next phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Clb5 and Clb6 are part of a regulatory network that initiates DNA replication during S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
There are specific origins of replication that are activated in either the early or late stage of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
In cells without Clb5, S-phase is extended because late-stage origins are required to be replicated through the gradual spread of replication forks rather than Clb5-stimulated replication. (wikipedia.org)
D-type and E-type cyclins assemble with CDKs during the G1 phase and these holoenzymes act as rate-limiting controllers to regulate passage through the restriction point and the subsequent onset of DNA replication [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The synthesis of another G1 phase cyclin, cyclin E, increases in late G1 and decreases once DNA replication is initiated. (biomedcentral.com)
Papillomaviruses undergo a complex life cycle requiring regulated DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
In these compartments cyclin A-Cdk complexes are expressed at particularly high levels which may render stem cells dependent on cyclin A. INTRODUCTION Replication of genetic material during cell division in Metazoan organisms is thought to be driven by cyclin A. Cyclin A was the first cyclin cloned in any organism (Swenson et al. (immune-source.com)
1983 Subsequently cyclin A genes have been found in all multicellular organisms including humans (Pines and Hunter 1990 While only a single cyclin A gene is present in the genomes of and cultured fibroblasts XI-006 or other cell types blocked DNA synthesis consistent with the essential function for cyclin A in DNA replication (Girard et al. (immune-source.com)

Clb5 and Clb6 bind and activate Cdk1, and high levels of these cyclins are required for entering S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
Clb5 and Clb6 levels rise during G1 (earlier than other B-type cyclins) and stay high throughout S and M phases. (wikipedia.org)
In double mutants for Clb5 and Clb6, the onset of S-phase (rather than the length) is significantly delayed, but will eventually occur as a side result of the buildup of other mitotic cyclins (Clb1-4). (wikipedia.org)
Cyclins regulate the cell cycle in association with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
D-type cyclins are usually synthesized by mid-G1 phase and accumulate to a maximum as cells advance through the G1/S boundary. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclins and CDKs assemble into complexes with one another as cells progress through G1 phase, cyclins being required to activate the serine-threonine kinase activity of their catalytic partners. (biomedcentral.com)
1997 These studies have led to the current model that this "core" components of the cell cycle machinery (cyclins A and B) symbolize XI-006 absolutely essential elements of the cell cycle engine (Hochegger et al. (immune-source.com)
We found that cells lacking all A-type cyclins proliferated normally in culture (Physique XI-006 2A) and joined the S phase from G0. (immune-source.com)
Cyclins (regulatory subunits) bind to cdks (catalytic subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)

In tomato, very high ploidy levels (up to 256C) are reached during fruit development, concomitant with very large cell sizes. (silverchair.com)
Concomitant changes in carotenoid content occurred during the growth cycle, but these changes did not appear to be solely responsible for the changes in sensitivity to the lipids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However analyses of cell cycle progression using propidium iodide and anti-BrdU staining revealed that ablation of cyclin A2 increased the portion of cells in S and G2/M phases with concomitant decrease in the G1 populace (Figures 2C and 2D). (immune-source.com)

In the present study, the relation between deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity and the radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine was investigated in eight different human tumour cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)

Inactivating mutations of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) are found in a wide variety of tumour cells. (wdv.com)

Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. (bvsalud.org)
Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)

No chromosome was found contrary to an extra chromosome 5 in the basal cell carcinoma. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Upon entry into a basal epithelial cell, the infecting genome is transiently amplified to approximately 50 to 200 copies, establishing a latent infection. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)

Indeed, in a clone of cells, only one of the alleles is expressed, because the same X chromosome is inactivated by lyonisation{Allen, 1992}, in a clone, whereas in normal {Nakamura, 2001} skin (polyclonal), the inactivated HUMARA gene allele isn't always on the same X chromosome. (globale-dermatologie.com)
[ 6 ] A majority of these tumors will exhibit polysomy of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) genetic locus on chromosome 7 in subsets of tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Conformation of replicated segments of chromosome fibres in human S-phase nucleus,' Chromosome Res. (nanomedicine.com)
Cohesion between sister chromatids is essential for proper chromosome disjunction and homologous recombination in the mitotic cycle and in meiosis ( Nasmyth, 2001 ). (rupress.org)
An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed with Castor oil (CAS No. 8001-79-4) in Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells (Irwin, NTP report 1992). (europa.eu)
In conclusion, Castor oil did not induce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster Ovary cells, neither in the presence nor in the absence of a metabolic activation system, under these experimental conditions. (europa.eu)

Similar studies have shown a significant difference between mitosis and meiosis progression in cells lacking Clb5 or Clb6, primarily that meiosis S-phase cannot occur properly without Clb5. (wikipedia.org)
For example, trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) in the placenta become polyploid through endoreduplication (bypassed mitosis), and megakaryocytes (MKCs) in the bone marrow become polyploid through endomitosis (abortive mitosis. (silverchair.com)
1992 In addition cyclin A2 was postulated to play a role in access of cells into mitosis (Swenson et al. (immune-source.com)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
When cells pass from S to G 2 , the nuclei migrate toward the VZ surface where mitosis occurs. (jneurosci.org)

Therefore, the authors concluded to a probable hyperplasic status in benign or malignant neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
3] This is believed to constitute an important mechanism of resistance to topoisomerase I inhibitors in malignant cells. (cancernetwork.com)
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
1992). Attitudes of teenagers toward sun expo- between oral contraceptives and malignant sure and sunscreen use. (who.int)

As the yeast cell transitions through G1, there is a large, inactive pool of Clb5 and Clb6-Cdk1 complexes. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin A is involved in both S-phase and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle through its association with cdk2 and cdk1, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)

These mutant cells segregate their unreplicated DNA, which is lethal, and fail to activate the MEC1-DNA M-phase checkpoint, which usually inhibits cell cycle progression if DNA has not been replicated. (wikipedia.org)
Increased cGMP inhibits cell growth (Ben-Shlomo & Melmed 2010). (endocrinology-journals.org)

Upon commitment to cell division, G1/S cyclin levels rise, bind Cdk1, and immediately form active complexes. (wikipedia.org)
8 Visanji J M, Thompson D G, Padfield P J. Induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by carnosol and carnosic acid is associated with alteration of cyclin A and cyclin B1 levels. (thieme-connect.com)
Cyclin A the first cyclin ever cloned is regarded as an essential component of the cell cycle engine. (immune-source.com)
1986 and injection of anti-cyclin A2 antibodies into cultured fibroblasts or inhibiting cyclin A2 function by p21Cip1 during the G2 phase blocked G2?M phase progression (Furuno et al. (immune-source.com)
The gene-targeting construct was launched into embryonal stem (ES) cells and heterozygous cyclin A2f/+ (Af denotes XI-006 the "floxed" allele) ES were obtained through homologous recombination (Figures 1A and 1B). (immune-source.com)
Cyclin A2f/+ ES cells were then injected into mouse blastocysts and homozygous cyclin A2f/f animals were generated using standard procedures (Geng et al. (immune-source.com)
Analyses of Cyclin A-null Fibroblasts We next derived fibroblasts from conditional cyclin A2 knockout embryos and cultured them culture (Physique 2A) and normally re-entered the cell cycle from quiescence (Physique 2B). (immune-source.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a key regulator of G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)

We previously showed that the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is expressed in the rodent ovarian follicles at the earliest sign of growth [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) was treated with testosterone to construct the PCOS model in vitro, and the cells were further treated with the lyophilized powder of BSJPF. (bvsalud.org)

J Cell Biol (2000) 151 (5): 1113-1118. (rupress.org)
Cell Biol. (nanomedicine.com)
J Cell Biol (2003) 160 (5): 657-670. (rupress.org)

JEV is maintained in an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, mainly pigs and wading birds. (cdc.gov)

Thus, when topoisomerase I inhibition occurs with agents such as SN-38 in cell lines, the cells compensate by increasing expression of topoisomerase II and vice versa. (cancernetwork.com)
Inhibition of surface GalTase function by a panel of reagents inhibited F9 cell growth. (tmc.edu)

A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane. (lookformedical.com)
Formaldehyde-induced nasal squamous cell carcinomas in rats normally lined by squamous epithelium. (cdc.gov)

The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
Cellular morphology, time-lapse imaging, and nuclear staining demonstrated that this activity occurred in mitotically active cells. (jneurosci.org)

Co-injection of c-myc, but not EJ-ras, c-fos or c-jun, inhibits the ability of Rb to arrest the cell cycle. (wdv.com)
The results are upregulation of p21 Cip1 and p27 Kip1 , which will arrest cell cycle at the G1/S transition phase (Ben-Shlomo & Melmed 2010, Theodoropoulou et al . (endocrinology-journals.org)

Meiotic cohesin REC8 appeared shortly before premeiotic S phase in the nucleus and formed AE-like structures (REC8-AEs) from premeiotic S phase on. (rupress.org)
HHVs replicate in the host cell nucleus. (medscape.com)

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. (lookformedical.com)

Two schools of thought exist, one states that SK develops from an accumulation of senescent cells, whereas the other states that cells hyperproliferate. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Continuous exposure of HDM201 led to induction of p21 and delayed accumulation of apoptotic cells. (bace-signal.com)
In combination with biomass data, information is obtained regarding cell mass accumulation during the growth cycle. (purdue.edu)

One way in which biologists and medics use immunotherapy is by injecting antigen-incubated Dendritic Cells (DCs) into mice to stimulate an immune response. (mdpi.com)
Ovaries were collected from 60-day-old cycling B6D2F1/J mice (n = 16). (biomedcentral.com)
Isolation attempts in newborn mice and Vero cells from the samples yielded virus isolates from five patients. (cdc.gov)
YFV has been successfully isolated from acute-phase serum and liver samples by injection of suckling mice and cell cultures ( 7 ), and recent infections can be confirmed serologically by demonstrating immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody to YFV in serum samples with a specific IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)

The degree of radiosensitisation was also cell line dependent and seemed to correlate with the sensitivity of the cell line to the cytotoxic effect of dFdC. (biomedcentral.com)
In cell lines, the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase I and II is scheduledependent. (cancernetwork.com)

Moreover, TSPAN12 accelerated mitotic progression by controlling cell cycle. (molcells.org)
In the mitotic cycle of yeast, cohesins bind to chromatin before S phase, whereas cohesion is established during S phase ( Uhlmann and Nasmyth, 1998 ). (rupress.org)

11 Kosaka K, Yokoi T. Carnosic acid, a component of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.), promotes synthesis of nerve growth factor in T98 G human glioblastoma cells. (thieme-connect.com)
Galactosyltransferase (GalTase) is localized in the Golgi, where it functions in oligosaccharide synthesis, as well as on the cell surface where it serves as a cell adhesion molecule. (tmc.edu)

Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cause significant morbidity and mortality. (cancernetwork.com)
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased for more than 2 decades. (cancernetwork.com)
GalTase-specific adhesions are functional in a number of important biological events, including F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell adhesions. (tmc.edu)
Carcinoma squamous cell. (lookformedical.com)
Br J mous cell carcinoma of the skin. (who.int)

Lenti-viral vectors (#EX-A6476-Lv203-GS) from GeneCopoeia (China) were used to overexpress TSPAN12 in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells according to standard protocol. (molcells.org)
Nuclear extracts prepared from uninfected cells as well as cells harvested at 5 and 12 hr after infection contained similar levels of MLTF/USF footprint activity, therefore the lack of a detectable interaction early after infection is not due to reduced levels of the factor early in the viral growth cycle. (princeton.edu)
Viral load and CD4+ T cell testing should ideally be performed twice before initiating or changing an antiretroviral treatment regimen. (cdc.gov)

Among immunodeficient individuals, toxoplasmosis most often occurs in those with defects of T-cell-mediated immunity, such as those with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow and solid organ transplants, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ).In most immunocompetent individuals, primary or chronic (latent) T gondii infection is asymptomatic. (medscape.com)

1998. Protection of human upper respiratory tract cell lines against sulphur mustard toxicity by hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). (cdc.gov)

The chronotherapy concept takes advantage of the circadian rhythm of cells physiology in maximising a treatment efficacy on its target while minimising its toxicity on healthy organs. (numdam.org)
Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in one cycle, and grade 3 renal toxicity occurred in two cycles. (the-medical-dictionary.com)

abstract = "The activity of the adenovirus major late promoter is substantially Increased as the infection proceeds from the early to late phase. (princeton.edu)

Let us underline nevertheless that such cytokeratin expression is found in embryonic cell lines and that the study only concerned 10 specimens. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)

Most studies have been performed on large cell populations, but detailed understanding of cell dynamics and heterogeneity requires single-cell analysis. (frontiersin.org)
We have described here major progress on four of the essential requirements for an implantable neural prosthesis, achieved through a series of experimental and modeling studies forex az haber the hippocampus: bio- logically realistic neuron models sz can e¤ectively replace the functional properties of hippocampal cells, the concatenation of the neuron model dynamics into neural networks that can solve a pattern recognition problem of cognitive and neurological relevance. (top5binarybrokers.com)
Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)
Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)

In the present study we address the nature of the effector of these neuroprotective effects downstream of the phase 2 enzyme induction. (thieme-connect.com)
S -alkylation → activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway → transcriptional activation → induction of phase 2 enzymes → activation of GSH metabolism → neuroprotection. (thieme-connect.com)
DR+ epidermal macrophage induction, and noma in young women: An evaluation of the Langerhans cell depletion. (who.int)

Nodule phenotype of the vag1 mutant shows that VAG1 is required for the ploidy-dependent cell growth of rhizobial-infected cells. (silverchair.com)
2 Satoh T, Izumi M, Inukai Y, Tsutumi Y, Nakayama N, Kosaka K, Kitajima C, Itoh K, Yokoi T, Shirasawa T. Carnosic acid protects neuronal HT22 cells through activation of the antioxidant-responsive element in free carboxylic acid- and catechol hydroxyl moieties-dependent manners. (thieme-connect.com)
A clear concentration-dependent radiosensitising effect of dFdC was observed in all cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)

We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)

Later, they were administered high-dose etoposide, 1,500 mg/[m.sup.2], followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for collection of peripheral blood stem cells. (the-medical-dictionary.com)

1992). UV exposure reduces immunization lation age 13-50 years. (who.int)

It consists of 2 forms: tachyzoites (the rapidly dividing form observed in the acute phase of infection) and bradyzoites (the slowly growing form observed in tissue cysts). (medscape.com)

Cells are characterised by the number of spikes fired and the time of firing with respect to hippocampal 0 rhythm. (neurips.cc)

Many more investigations have been made on cells, sorted according to size, or artificially arrested at various cell cycle checkpoints. (frontiersin.org)
Transitional checkpoints are therefore crucial for a successful completion of the cell cycle. (janechin.net)

During this time, precursor cells undergo interkinetic nuclear migration ( Seymour and Berry, 1975 ) in which cells in the DNA synthetic S phase have their nuclei in the upper third of the VZ. (jneurosci.org)

Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, the secretion of gall wasps stimulates plant cell growth and overrules homeostasis of the affected leaf area - this is similar to tumour outgrowth. (nature.com)
In turn, the plant produces GA, which seems to combat the improper growth signals and re-establishes cell-cycle control. (nature.com)
Three Staphylococcus aureus strains (303, 18Z and TG), exhibiting various patterns of survival within abscesses, were significantly more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of oleic acid during the log phase of growth than at other stages of the growth cycle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Strains 303 and 18Z became more sensitive to mono-olein during the log phase of growth, but strain TG was very resistant to mono-olein throughout the growth cycle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However, all three S. aureus strains exhibited significant increases in membrane fluidity during the log phase of growth, but upon entering the stationary phase membrane fluidity again decreased. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
T gondii has 2 distinct life cycles. (medscape.com)

3,5] The additive/synergistic effect of sequential topoisomerase I and II inhibitor administration has been examined in vivo in several phase I and II human trials that explored their sequential administration. (cancernetwork.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms12

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science6

Health Care6

Proliferation16

Proteins6

19911

Apoptosis9

Differentiation13

19951

Cancer16

Epithelial cells7

Progression through the cell cycle2

Interactions3

Molecular5

Regulation11

Encoding genes1

Protein9

Nucleic1

Inhibited cell-cycle progression1

Replication9

Cyclins9

Concomitant3

Tumour cell lines1

Variety of tumour1

Squamous cell carc3

Basal3

Chromosome6

Mitosis5

Malignant5

Transitions2

Inhibits cell2

Cyclin8

Ovarian2

Biol3

Vertebrate1

Inhibition2

Epithelium2

Cellular4

Arrest2

Nucleus2

Tumor cells1

Accumulation3

Mice4

Cytotoxic effect2

Mitotic2

Synthesis2

Carcinoma5

Viral3

Bone marrow1

19981

Toxicity2

Abstract1

Embryonic2

Dynamics4

Induction3

Dependent3

Nascent1

Peripheral blood1

Exposure1

Acute phase1

Hippocampal1

Checkpoints2

Undergo1

Growth6

Distinct2

Inhibitor1