• The Korean War-era and Vietnam War-era "Lazy Dog" was further developed, tested and deployed into the 1950s and 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
  • More nuclear bomb tests were conducted at Semipalatinsk than anywhere else in the world during the 1950s and early 1960s. (newscientist.com)
  • The large bomb capacity of the B-52 was a 1960s innovation which enabled one B-52 to carry 108 500 pound unguided bombs for carpet bombing missions. (strategypage.com)
  • They were developed by the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s and were first operationally deployed on anti-ballistic missiles. (politico.com)
  • Australian Atomic Confessions explores the legacy of the nine British atomic bombs dropped on Maralinga and Emu Field in the 1950s, and the "minor trials" that continued into the 1960s. (theconversation.com)
  • Each side built more and bigger bombs until the stockpiles peaked in the late 1960s at 31,255 for the United States and 40,159 for the Soviet Union. (tricitynews.com)
  • this panic has even been compared to the widespread fear of an atomic bomb attack that gripped the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when many citizens built and stocked underground fallout shelters. (cdc.gov)
  • Small quantities of Cs-137 can be found in the environment from nuclear weapons tests that occurred in the 1950s and 1960s and from nuclear reactor accidents, such as the Chernobyl power plant accident in 1986, which distributed Cs-137 to many countries in Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • Small amounts of Cs-137 are present in the environment from weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s, so people are exposed to some Cs-137 every day. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to a lack of information, ATSDR cannot determine whether people living off site could have been harmed from breathing elemental mercury from 1950 through 1963, swallowing water with inorganic mercury from East Fork Poplar Creek from 1953 to 1955, and eating fish with organic mercury during the 1950s and 1960s. (cdc.gov)
  • The Indian nuclear program was started in the mid-forties, around the time it gained independence from over two centuries of British rule, and soon after the United States bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (tripod.com)
  • Reassessment of gamma doses from the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been carried out with thermoluminescent measurements of ceramic materials, such as bricks and decorative tiles, which were collected from buildings that remain as they were at the time of the explosions. (osti.gov)
  • We are commemorating the 73rd anniversary of the atomic bombs being dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where as many as 226,000 people were killed because of that blast. (nakedcapitalism.com)
  • If the atomic bombing of Hiroshima released tremendous heat and blast physically, the debate over its justification can be intellectually incindiary. (hnn.us)
  • I was in Japan in the early 1950s while in the army -- have never visited Hiroshima. (hnn.us)
  • Studies of radiation's effects on atomic bomb survivors began in 1946 with the American-led Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, which later became an American-Japanese partnership known as the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, or RERF, now based in Hiroshima. (insidescience.org)
  • Scientists working for the Department of Energy (DOE) at Los Alamos National Lab in New Mexico even recreated the Little Boy bomb to ensure they understood how the bomb, which had a now seemingly primitive design compared to bombs built later, spread its radiation throughout Hiroshima. (insidescience.org)
  • Although the United States built the first nuclear bombs, dropping them on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, the Soviet Union's nuclear program was not far behind. (tricitynews.com)
  • I went to Hiroshima in 2001 to interview the hibakusha - literally, the "bomb-affected people. (progressive.org)
  • In 1945, the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the Americans forced Japan to surrender. (cp-pc.ca)
  • Director Christopher Nolan's latest epic, Oppenheimer , may appear an unusual subject for a summer blockbuster: a three-hour long biopic of Julius Robert Oppenheimer (played by Cillian Murphy), the American physicist who oversaw the development of the first atomic bomb. (marxist.com)
  • In this Real News Network interview , conducted to commemorate the 73rd anniversary of the second atomic bomb drop on Nagasaki, historian Peter Kuznick reflects on how the nuclear threat is more immediate now than at any other time since the 1950s. (nakedcapitalism.com)
  • Atomic Overlook" is a series of photomontages that blend 1950's atomic bomb tests with 21st century tourism. (magcloud.com)
  • The MAUD Committee was uncertain whether this was relevant to the main task of Tube Alloys, that of building an atomic bomb , although there remained a possibility that a reactor could be used to breed plutonium , which might be used in one. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nagasaki, Japan on September 24, 1945, 6 weeks after the city was destroyed by the world's second atomic bomb attack. (insidescience.org)
  • Ever since Norman Cousins's August 1945 essay on the atomic bomb, "Modern Man is Obsolete," some of the world's most thoughtful minds have addressed, with extreme urgency, the shadow cast over planetary life by nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. (nationalww2museum.org)
  • Cs-137 from nuclear accidents or atomic bomb explosions cannot be seen and will be present in dust and debris from fallout. (cdc.gov)
  • Neutron bombs are thermonuclear weapons designed to annihilate people while leaving structures standing. (politico.com)
  • The RDS-37 thermonuclear bomb. (themoscowtimes.com)
  • In Vietnam, it seems to have been discussed, but was probably quickly discounted on grounds of practicability: the Vietnamese considered it unlikely, the Soviet Union had achieved thermonuclear parity (the combination of hydrogen bombs and delivery systems), and even China, bordering Vietnam, by then had rudimentary nuclear weapons. (kpolicy.org)
  • By hitting 62 home runs in a single season, an American League record, Judge brought back the shock-and-awe thrill of it all in a creamy cloud of nostalgia that has briefly obscured the terror of the real bombs. (tomdispatch.com)
  • Photos, film, documentation of the city had been confiscated and censored almost immediately after Japan surrendered, and the only indelible image of the bombing was the power of the bomb itself: the "shock and awe" version of the mushroom cloud. (progressive.org)
  • In the 2003 "Shock and Awe" bombing campaign against Iraq, Pentagon aircraft bombed a Red Crescent maternity hospital in Baghdad, killing and wounding medics and patients. (workers.org)
  • It was first moved to two minutes before midnight back in the early 1950s, after the United States and the Soviet Union tested their hydrogen bombs. (nakedcapitalism.com)
  • One bomb that the Soviet Union developed, known as the Tsar Bomba, was too big to use. (tricitynews.com)
  • F rom the 1950s to the 1970s, Japan experienced rapid economic growth. (cp-pc.ca)
  • It is a world threatened by the rapidly expanding number of atomic bombs (Britain had acquired the bomb in 1952). (nationalww2museum.org)
  • The physicist therefore had few qualms about accepting the US government's invitation to join its top-secret programme to develop the bomb before the Nazis. (marxist.com)
  • A Russian physicist and co-creator of the Soviet Union's first two-stage hydrogen bomb committed suicide in his central Moscow apartment at the age of 92, Russian media reported late Wednesday, citing investigators. (themoscowtimes.com)
  • Klinishov had worked under the prominent Soviet nuclear physicist and later dissident Andrei Sakharov in the 1950s. (themoscowtimes.com)
  • The physicist developed a charge for the two-stage hydrogen bomb RDS-37, which was tested in November 1955 and led to a series of Soviet hydrogen bomb tests. (themoscowtimes.com)
  • A hundred years later, when Hippler wrote his book, imperialism was back in Libya, this time with Britain and France doing the bombing under U.S. supervision in what has been called Hillary's War, and with U.S. "humanitarian intervention" (a ploy invented by Richard Holbrooke) replacing the Italian's "civilizing mission" as the pretext. (kpolicy.org)
  • On Saturday the Adelaide Festival hosted a public showing of Australian Atomic Confessions , a documentary I co-directed about the tragic and long-lasting effects of the atomic weapons testing carried out by Britain in South Australia in the 1950s. (theconversation.com)
  • Bombs, Beats, and Bus Boycotts: The Turbulence of the 1950s At the end of World War II , Americans saw prosperity that they had never seen before. (exampleessays.com)
  • He read with a certain fascination about what Americans who had built their very own personal bomb shelters might do if the neighbors tried to squeeze in when facing impending nuclear doom. (tomdispatch.com)
  • Three days later, the Americans dropped a second, more powerful bomb, Fat Man, on the port city of Nagasaki. (insidescience.org)
  • More significantly, for Russell, the invention of the hydrogen bomb by both the Americans and the Soviets overshadows everything else that came before it. (nationalww2museum.org)
  • As a result, most Americans know almost nothing about nuclear fallout beyond the 1950s advice to stock your bomb shelter with canned food. (progressive.org)
  • Lazy Dog anti-personnel missiles were designed to spray enemy troops with small projectiles with three times the force of standard air-burst bombs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CRU allows more smart bombs and missiles to be carried that are reprogrammable by the crew while in the air. (strategypage.com)
  • The mode of aerial bombing has expanded over time, from planes to ballistic and cruise missiles to drones, but the objective has remained constant: to deliver the most effective destructive power. (kpolicy.org)
  • The two seat, 28 ton F-4 is still a credible fighter bomber, able to carry eight tons of bombs and missiles. (strategypage.com)
  • When the U.S. and NATO waged war to dismantle Yugoslavia, NATO launched cruise missiles against a Belgrade hospital and dropped cluster bombs on a Nis hospital in May 1999 - and bombed four other hospitals. (workers.org)
  • Civilians explored their own options, beginning with the 1950s fad of backyard bomb shelters. (peoplesworld.org)
  • The ability to enter or change GPS coordinates in smart bombs is necessary now because heavy bombers typically stay in the air over the combat zone for 8 hours or more at a time, delivering smart bombs as needed by troops on the ground. (strategypage.com)
  • Para-demolition bombs being dropped on supply warehouses and dock facilities at a port in Wonsan, North Korea by the Fifth Air Force's B-26 Invader light bombers (ca. 1951). (kpolicy.org)
  • In the Korean War, the United States dispatched solitary B-29 bombers to Pyongyang on simulated nuclear bombing missions designed to cause terror. (kpolicy.org)
  • From the early twentieth century onward, bombing in various forms became the destructive signature of war. (kpolicy.org)
  • While his desire for a war with China was considered too dangerous by Harry Truman, it was no doubt shared by many-his dismissal was a major political event of the early 1950s. (kpolicy.org)
  • For example, in the early 1950s, the U.S. F-89 fighter had 383 accidents per 100,000 flying hours. (strategypage.com)
  • Penned by philosopher Bertrand Russell and endorsed by Albert Einstein, the document warned human beings about the existential threat posed by the new hydrogen bomb. (nationalww2museum.org)
  • Who really can speak definitively about the destructive capability of the hydrogen bomb? (nationalww2museum.org)
  • This is essential for most B-52 missions, which simply provide smart bomb support for a large area (most of Afghanistan, all of Iraq and so on). (strategypage.com)
  • Glitter bombing started as a seemingly innocuous, if tongue-in-cheek, form of protest. (advocate.com)
  • According to the Brookings Institution , the United States has never recovered 11 nuclear bombs lost in accidents. (tricitynews.com)
  • The Armament Laboratory worked with the Flight Test Laboratory to conduct wind tunnel tests of a number of bomb shapes which design studies indicated to be the most efficient for storage and release from high performance aircraft. (wikipedia.org)
  • This upgrade simply means wiring the bomb bay so that smart bombs can be plugged into the upgraded aircraft fire control system. (strategypage.com)
  • Despite being the oldest American combat aircraft in service the B-52s have been regularly upgraded with new electronics and minor tweaks for new bombs. (strategypage.com)
  • MSF asserts the bombing was an attack on the Geneva Conventions, which protect civilians, including medical workers, and prohibit bombings of hospitals in war zones. (workers.org)
  • U.S. imperialism is a repeat war crime offender, with a long, sordid history of bombing hospitals and killing injured civilians and medical personnel. (workers.org)
  • As a result, survivors of the bomb have become one of the largest and longest-studied medical cohorts ever. (insidescience.org)
  • RERF's Life Span Study came to encompass around 94,000 survivors who were within a few kilometers from one of the bomb hypocenters, and a 26,000-person control group of people who were farther away and received no significant radiation from the bombs. (insidescience.org)
  • Scientists knew even before 1945 that radiation can mutate genes and cause cancer, so it came as no surprise that cancers that showed up at higher than usual rates among bomb survivors. (insidescience.org)
  • Decades after atomic bombs dropped, scientists debate their application to modern radiation safety standards. (insidescience.org)
  • Similarly, the threat of bombing has become the most potent instrument of coercive messaging, replacing the gunships of the nineteenth century. (kpolicy.org)
  • The Korean War, which broke out on June 25, 1950, can be considered the epicenter of bombing as an instrument of war. (kpolicy.org)
  • Mercury was used at the Y-12 plant from 1950 to 1963 to process lithium for hydrogen bombs. (cdc.gov)
  • British hydrogen bombs were detonated here during weapons tests in the 1950s. (expatfocus.com)
  • The scientists then tracked the consequences as nuclear bomb tests continued - without telling the people affected or the outside world. (newscientist.com)
  • In exchange for allowing 12 British atomic bombs tests (including those at the Monte Bello Islands off the northern coast of Western Australia), the Australian government got access to nuclear technology which it used to build the Lucas Heights reactor. (theconversation.com)
  • This is a variant of the cluster bomb long carried by B-52s. (strategypage.com)
  • In a stunning blow, U.S. planes even dropped a 1,000-pound cluster bomb on a hospital in Herat. (workers.org)
  • A bombing in King's Lynn in which 42 people died will be commemorated as part of the town's Heritage Open Days event. (edp24.co.uk)
  • The PDU-5 has been used regularly since 2001 to warn people (usually in target areas) that a bombing or artillery attack is coming. (strategypage.com)
  • This is significant because many revisionists have argued that the [high] figure cited in Truman's memoirs is a post war "creation" designed to make dropping the bombs more palatable to the American people, and that actual estimates were far lower. (hnn.us)
  • The silver plane high above, beautiful in its way but evil in its consequences, raining bombs onto the hapless people below, is the supreme symbol of invincible power. (kpolicy.org)
  • More people were killed by bombs in the Second World War and more bombs were dropped in Indochina subsequently. (kpolicy.org)
  • The Lazy Dog program remained ongoing in the late 1950s. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prepare to immerse yourself in the captivating tale behind the iconic Gooseberry Pyrex pattern, which takes us back to the vibrant late 1950s, a period characterized by a booming post-war consumer culture. (etsy.com)
  • I wandered about quietly until I found the small 1950s stone marker, covered in dust and bird droppings. (friendsjournal.org)
  • In the 1950s, public housing was built around the garden, which was revamped. (friendsjournal.org)
  • Those near the hypocenters -- the points on Earth above which the bombs exploded -- absorbed some of the highest doses of radiation ever delivered to humans before or since. (insidescience.org)
  • RERF scientists have meticulously reconstructed the radiation doses to which each survivor was exposed, based on the distance that person reported he or she was from the hypocenter and what buildings and other materials were around to provide shielding against the bombs' radiation. (insidescience.org)
  • Williams, following the lead of [English scientist] P. M. S. Blackett, had accused [US President] Harry S. Truman of using the bomb to bully the Soviets rather than merely to end the war against Japan. (hnn.us)
  • This appeared to support his theme that the bombs were not dropped to defeat an already defeated Japan, but rather to awe the Soviets. (hnn.us)
  • Embrace the nostalgia, showcase your style, and let these charming stickers transport you back to the 1950s. (etsy.com)
  • But now its like we've just been memory bombed back to the 1950's. (edge.org)
  • Back in 2006 the B-52 was modified so it could carry over a hundred of the 130 kg (285 pound) Small Diameter Bombs (SDB, also known as the GBU-39/B). The bomb rack inside the B-52 was modified to carry 32 SDBs instead of 15 larger bombs. (strategypage.com)
  • In retrospect, this work forces us to peer back into the condition of the world in the mid-1950s. (nationalww2museum.org)
  • The F-4 is a 1950s design that, for its day, was quite advanced. (strategypage.com)
  • Then there was the radiation: intense bursts of high-energy gamma rays that swept outward spherically from the exploding bombs ahead of the physical force. (insidescience.org)
  • Japan has rigorously tracked tumors in its citizens since the 1950s, which has provided RERF scientists with much of the data they need. (insidescience.org)
  • In December 1941 Japan entered the Second World War on the side of Germany by bombing American ships in the port of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. (cp-pc.ca)
  • The time has come to ban The Bomb. (tomdispatch.com)
  • Guns can kill many in a short period of time, tanks can pulverize, but nothing matches bombing, especially, but not exclusively, nuclear bombing. (kpolicy.org)
  • Through interviews, we examine the claims for health care made by British and New Zealand veterans who in the 1950s took part in nuclear testing in the Pacific. (bvsalud.org)
  • And there is no such thing as a "rain bomb", a term invented to make it sound unprecedented. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Truman and [Secretary of State] James F. Byrnes knew this through intercepted Japanese messages but refused to make the offer because they wanted the war to continue until the bombs could be used. (hnn.us)
  • The Lazy Dog (sometimes called a Red Dot Bomb or Yellow Dog Bomb) was a type of small, unguided kinetic projectile used by the U.S. Air Force. (wikipedia.org)
  • CRU enables a B-52 to carry eight large (or 34 small) JDAM smart bombs internally. (strategypage.com)
  • The IWBU was necessary to use CRU but both upgrade programs are being applied throughout the air force to provide standardization of communications and use of smart bombs. (strategypage.com)
  • The bomb exploded around 600 meters above a hospital with a force of around 12,500 tons of TNT. (insidescience.org)
  • In Mogadishu, Somalia, a U.N. "peacekeeping force" from Turkey and the U.S. bombed a Digfer hospital in 1993. (workers.org)
  • China has what the Union of Concerned Scientists classifies as a relatively modest nuclear arsenal of about 250 warheads and bombs, of which fewer than 100 could reach the U.S. China conducted its first nuclear test explosion in 1964. (tricitynews.com)
  • Russell cites contemporary estimates about the H-bomb as 2,500 times more powerful than the "Little Boy" A-bomb. (nationalww2museum.org)
  • By the beginning of the 1950s, both countries had even more powerful weapons-hydrogen bombs. (tricitynews.com)
  • This was important because that made it possible to carry other programmable weapons like the MALD and the JASSM (long range smart bombs used for taking out enemy air defenses). (strategypage.com)
  • Experts say North Korea could have materials for as many as 100 nuclear bombs , and although Iran insists its nuclear program is for peaceful use, there is concern over whether it will develop weapons. (tricitynews.com)
  • With the Secret Service dispatched to protect Mitt Romney, and perhaps other candidates soon, glitter bombing is quickly getting treated like a potential assault on a potential president. (advocate.com)
  • Thomas Hippler, in his study Governing from the Skies: A Global History of Aerial Bombing , dates the beginning of aerial bombing to 1911, when an Italian aviator named Giulio Gavotti dropped a rudimentary bomb (he had to pull the safety pin out with his teeth) on an Ottoman encampment in Libya. (kpolicy.org)
  • MSF strongly repudiates the investigations set up by the U.S., NATO and Afghanistan, and is demanding an independent fact-finding probe of the bombing, under a body set up under Geneva Convention protocols. (workers.org)
  • Earlier upgrades enabled B-52 crew to program (enter GPS coordinates for a target) smart bombs carried. (strategypage.com)
  • The B-52 also has its own targeting pod now that enables the crew to spot targets, program one of its smart bombs, and take them out without needing GPS coordinates from someone on the ground. (strategypage.com)
  • In a break from his usual Hollywood blockbusters, Christopher Nolan's latest release offers a dramatic and tense look at the life of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the 'father of the bomb', exploring the politics of McCarthy-era America along the way. (marxist.com)