1918 pandemic virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

11/7/2011 - Remember two years ago when every news show featured hysterical reports about the so-called H1N1 pandemic and how the supposed killer flu was striking down healthy kids? (naturalnews.com)
3/9/2011 - Chinese researchers recently warned the world in a study that the H1N1 virus is capable of combining with various other viruses to create "novel pandemic strains. (naturalnews.com)
12/17/2010 - New research published in the journal PLoS ONE has found that a red seaweed-based compound known as Carrageenan is an effective treatment against the common cold, viruses and even H1N1 influenza. (naturalnews.com)
While the World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared the end of the H1N1 pandemic-that-never-was, the untested H1N1 swine flu vaccine is. (naturalnews.com)
6/5/2010 - A stunning new report reveals that top scientists who convinced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare H1N1 a global pandemic held close financial ties to the drug companies that profited from the sale of those vaccines. (naturalnews.com)
The two influenza A virus subtypes have cocirculated in human populations since 1977: influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2). (cdc.gov)
Reassortment between influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) viruses resulted in the circulation of A (H1N2) virus during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 influenza seasons. (cdc.gov)
In April 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-which was different from currently circulating influenza A (H1N1) viruses-emerged and its subsequent spread resulted in the first pandemic of the 21st century. (cdc.gov)
The 1918 virus spread through the pig population, adapted to the swine and resulted in the current lineage of the H1N1 swine influenza viruses. (scienceblog.com)
For the study, the researchers used the 1918 pandemic virus and a 1930 H1N1 influenza virus for experimental infections in swine. (scienceblog.com)
In 1918, the virus affected more young adults and older children than usual -- just as has been seen with the H1N1 pandemic. (ibtimes.com)
1. This 1918 influenza pandemic, caused by the Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, produced the greatest influenza (flu) death toll in recorded history. (thegospelcoalition.org)
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the first of the 2 pandemics involving the H1N1 Influenza-virus to attack the world. (worldatlas.com)
By the time the second wave had started in the United States, France, and Sierra Leone in August, the H1N1 Influenza-virus had mutated. (worldatlas.com)
Available evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets. (who.int)
It was caused by an unusually virulent and deadly Influenza A virus strain of subtype H1N1. (timelineindex.com)
The 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, and the current pandemic H1N1 (2009) have caused human illness and deaths. (usda.gov)
Lessons learned from the Spanish influenza pandemic, the periodic outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses, and the current H1N1 ("swine flu") pandemic highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis and the host response to infection. (usda.gov)
To investigate the host transcriptional response against highly pathogenic influenza viruses in a mouse model that resembles human influenza pathogenicity, we used a functional genomics approach to compare transcriptional profiles in lungs from wild-type 129S6/SvEv mice infected with either the fully reconstructed human H1N1 1918 "Spanish influenza" virus (1918) or the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus Vietnam/1203/04 (VN/1203). (usda.gov)
Mike Miller] During your investigation, did you find an association between pandemic H1N1 infection and pneumococcal pneumonia? (cdc.gov)
Seventeen percent of those with invasive pneumococcal disease had evidence of pandemic H1N1 infection and up to 62 percent of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia may have been associated with pandemic H1N1, based on their presenting symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Mike Miller] Was bacterial pneumonia associated with previous flu pandemics at the same level it was associated with the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic? (cdc.gov)
A descendant of the Spanish flu virus (H1N1) circulates to this day. (wyattresearch.com)
Influenza A(H1N1) viruses, isolated in about half the states, were not proven responsible for outbreaks in the aged or infirm but occasionally were isolated from school outbreaks, sometimes concurrently with influenza A(H3N2) strains. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A is a zoonotic virus that poses a major public health concern as illustrated by the 1918 Spanish Flu and 2009 H1N1 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
A 2012 study in Denmark found no evidence of an increased risk of fetal death associated with exposure to an adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic decades to include more than 140 enza system in order to make it more did not turn into the global killer that all laboratories in over 110 countries. (who.int)
Virus specimens were shared and formance during the H1N1 pandemic to counter them. (who.int)

I have no illusion that a global pandemic is in our future, of a SARs (SARS-CoV), H5N1, Zika, Influenza, Ebola or similar form. (pprune.org)
When the last global pandemic broke out, in 1918, it ravaged a population with essentially no technological countermeasures . (ieee.org)
But that's not a particularly strong basis on which to pin all your fears about a global pandemic. (boingboing.net)

Very few full-length HA sequences of viruses from the peaks of the 1957 and 1968 pandemics are available, and all of these viruses had been grown at least once in eggs before sequencing-a process that can select for an unpredictable number of sequence changes ( 13 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
Yet, history has proven the reality of this threat with influenza pandemics in 1918, 1957-58, 1968, and 2009. (csis.org)
Their model included data from the last three flu pandemics, in 1918, 1957 and 1968. (ibtimes.com)
Influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968. (who.int)
since the late 19th century, five antigenic shifts have led to pandemics in 1889-1891, 1918-1920, 1957-1958, 1968-1969, and 2009-2010. (cdc.gov)
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has created a forum for survivors from both the 1918 and 1957 pandemics to share their stories. (historians.org)

Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)

In most communities, the fall wave of the pandemic lasted approximately l month, with 25% to 30% of the population experiencing symptomatic disease. (cdc.gov)
The first wave of the pandemic, in early 1918, was less deadly than those that followed, and the preserved lungs of the two German soldiers who died in Berlin date from that time, he said. (livescience.com)
But the form of the flu virus found in their lungs had several genetic differences from the form of the virus that infected the young woman who died in Munich, presumably in a later wave of the pandemic. (livescience.com)
And they diverged even more from two genomes of the virus from Alaska and New York that dated from the second wave of the pandemic in late 1918, according to a new study published to the preprint database bioRxiv and which has not yet been peer-reviewed. (livescience.com)
Here, we analyze the first 1918 IAV genomes from Europe and from the first, milder wave of the pandemic. (researchgate.net)

In 1918 a human influenza virus known as the Spanish flu spread through the central United States while a swine respiratory disease occurred concurrently. (scienceblog.com)
Their research supports the hypothesis that the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and the virus causing the swine flu were the same. (scienceblog.com)
Richt said the virus was able to infect and replicate in swine and cause mild respiratory disease. (scienceblog.com)
This study emphasizes that an influenza virus, which is known to induce a lethal infection in ferrets and macaques, is not highly virulent in pigs, indicating a potential resistance of swine to highly virulent influenza viruses," Richt said. (scienceblog.com)
While swine flu was first recognized as a disease in 1918, there also were reports of the influenza occurring in the Midwest in 1930. (scienceblog.com)
Another surprising finding from the study was the rapid antibody response in the animals infected with the 1918 virus, which is not typically reported for the swine influenza virus. (scienceblog.com)
Richt said he plans to conduct a follow-up project that will study what makes a swine flu virus a pandemic flu virus. (scienceblog.com)
In light of the recent swine flu pandemic, it seems timely to look back at the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, often referred to as the Great Pandemic . (historians.org)
Furthermore, the 1918 influenza pandemic later became responsible for the 2009 swine flu. (internetvibes.net)
Airborne influenza A virus has been detected in swine facilities during an outbreak. (cdc.gov)
These results suggest that airborne influenza A virus is present in the breathing zone of swine workers employed in a swine production facility during an influenza A outbreak, and the usage of respirators during an influenza outbreak should be highly encouraged. (cdc.gov)

We, like you, have many more questions about these events but the answers are buried in an archives that is closed during this current pandemic. (si.edu)
The influenza virus that caused the 1918 pandemic mutated into variants, much like the novel coronavirus has done in the current pandemic, century-old virus samples reveal. (livescience.com)

The study, which is published in the Feb. 5 issue of Science, showed that a modest change of two amino acids in the main protein found on the surface of the 1918 virus did not change the virus's ability to cause disease, but stopped respiratory droplet transmission of the virus between ferrets placed in close proximity. (cdc.gov)
Seasonal influenza is defined as predictable outbreaks of respiratory disease caused by various influenza viruses that spread from person to person. (csis.org)
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). (researchgate.net)
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection with influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the virus spreads by respiratory droplets and smaller particles, and studies show the virus can linger in enclosed spaces -though it's not clear how responsible that lingering is for infection. (smithsonianmag.com)
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that cause respiratory infections which are typically mild, including the common cold. (dailymail.co.uk)
Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus had caused over 3 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and more than 150 000 deaths in the U.S. [1]. (medscimonit.com)
Both are respiratory illnesses caused by viruses, and they share many symptoms. (everydayhealth.com)
These viruses can be spread through the air, personal contact, and respiratory secretions - encounters such as a handshake, touching contaminated objects, and exposure to an infected person's sneezes or coughs, notes the Mayo Clinic. (everydayhealth.com)
Influenza virus types A and B are responsible for only a small proportion of all respiratory disease, but they are unique in their ability to cause periodic widespread outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness among adults and children. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A virus is a highly contagious respiratory virus that causes severe morbidity among human and animal populations. (cdc.gov)
It is possible that some of these cases did not represent virus infection but rather detection of non-infectious H5N1 virus genetic material in respiratory specimens following prolonged exposure to infected birds. (cdc.gov)
Sporadic human infections with contemporary H5N1 viruses are not surprising, especially among people who do not take recommended precautions (such as wearing personal protective equipment, including respiratory protection). (cdc.gov)
H5N1 viruses do not currently have an ability to easily infect the human upper respiratory tract, which would be needed to increase the risk of transmission to people. (cdc.gov)

Between 1918 and 1919, the pandemic killed more than 500,000 people in the United States and more than 20 million people worldwide. (howstuffworks.com)
To answer that question, Calvignac-Spencer and his colleagues found six human lungs that dated to the pandemic years of 1918 and 1919 and had been preserved in formalin in pathology archives in Germany and Austria. (livescience.com)
A third pandemic wave began in early 1919, just 10 months after the first wave. (thegospelcoalition.org)
The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more than 50 million people worldwide. (governing.com)
The pandemic overwhelmed the medical establishment and spread very rapidly, particularly in military camps where soldiers were training for combat in World War I. The CDC notes that the pandemic spread in waves highlighted by peaks in colder months - the first wave happened in March-April of 1918, the second hit in September-November of 1918 (almost 200,000 deaths in October), and the third wave commenced in January of 1919. (wilmingtonbiz.com)
If SARS had become firmly established in the very poorest nations with few facilities for contact tracing, diagnosis, treatment and isolation, there would have been a small but significant risk that it would have gone on to spread like the 1918-1919 flu which rapidly infected 400 million people of which 30 million died. (globalchange.com)

Most experts believe another pandemic will occur, but it is impossible to predict which strain will emerge as the next pandemic strain, when it will occur or how severe it will be. (cdc.gov)
Pandemic influenza preparedness is essential for reducing the potential for and scale of international health emergencies, saving lives and providing a global safety net against the disease that poses the greatest risk of causing another pandemic. (who.int)
What Can the United States Do to Prevent Another Pandemic? (csis.org)
Now we are facing what could well become another pandemic. (workers.org)

By better understanding how this virus spreads, we can be better positioned to slow down or stop the spread of the pandemic virus and hence be better prepared for the next pandemic. (cdc.gov)
So, before the 2009 flu pandemic, many experts were worried that pneumococcal pneumonia would be a big problem during the next pandemic. (cdc.gov)
In efforts to prevent or mitigate the next pandemic, WPR has been working together to ensure a strong regional human-animal-environmental influenza surveillance system is in place for rapid detection, identification, reporting and response to any events with pandemic potential. (who.int)

The 1918 pandemic caused an estimated 675,000 deaths in the United States and up to 50 million worldwide, in the worst pandemic of the past century. (cdc.gov)
The "Spanish influenza pandemic swept the globe in the autumn and winter of 1918-19, and resulted in the deaths of approximately 40 million people. (cdc.gov)
This year, 2018, marks the 100th commemoration of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic (1918 "Spanish flu"), the most severe pandemic in recent history, infecting more than one third of the world's population and causing an estimated 50-100 million deaths - more than World Wars I and II combined. (who.int)
First found in Europe, the U.S., and Asia in the spring of 1918, that pandemic infected over 500 million people worldwide and led to fifty million deaths. (si.edu)
The second wave-which caused the greatest number of deaths-began in August 1918 and spread across the globe over the next five months. (thegospelcoalition.org)
The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. (timelineindex.com)
Additionally, the site posts medical data, such as graphs reporting age distribution of deaths during the influenza and mortality breakdowns in each city, as well as medical photographs of lungs infected with the virus. (historians.org)
Excess deaths in this period were attributable mainly to influenza A viruses, although influenza B epidemics were occasionally associated with excess deaths, as in 1979-1980. (cdc.gov)

The number of new cases started declining during the late 1918 after the second-wave struck. (worldatlas.com)

The virus then spreads explosively, producing symptomatic infection in up to one third of most populations. (cdc.gov)
Some viruses, including those that cause HIV/AIDS, HPV infection, and viral hepatitis, evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections. (wikipedia.org)
By late November 1918, the infection rate was subsiding and Mustard cancelled the order. (si.edu)
Their findings suggest that the virus mutated to become more effective between the first and later waves, by evolving to better overcome cellular defenses against infection, Calvignac-Spencer said. (livescience.com)
As a result of these antigenic changes, antibodies produced to influenza viruses as a result of infection or vaccination with earlier strains may not be protective against viruses circulating in later years. (cdc.gov)
A Kansas State University researcher has found that the virus causing the pandemic was able to infect and replicate in pigs, but did not kill them, unlike in other mammalian hosts like monkeys, mice and ferrets where the infection has been lethal. (scienceblog.com)
Based on quantitative Western blot analysis, only two of the 45 (4.4%) Pandemrix-vaccinated narcoleptic patients showed specific antibody response against the NS1 protein from the H1N1pdm09 virus, indicating past infection with the H1N1pdm09 virus. (plos.org)
Instead, paired serum samples from patients, who suffered from a laboratory confirmed H1N1pdm09 infection, showed high levels or diagnostic rises (96%) in H1N1pdm virus NS1-specific antibodies and very high cross-reactivity to H3N2 subtype influenza A virus NS1 protein. (plos.org)
Based on our findings, it is unlikely that H1N1pdm09 virus infection contributed to a sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy observed in Finland in 2010 after AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix vaccination. (plos.org)
Infection with influenza viruses can be asymptomatic or result in disease that ranges from mild to severe. (cdc.gov)
While most people with SARS infection do not pass the SARS virus to others, a small minority (superspreaders) seemed to be highly infectious, and the source of most new transmission. (globalchange.com)
Influenza (Flu) Influenza (flu) is a viral infection of the lungs and airways with one of the influenza viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Bird Flu Bird flu is a viral infection with strains of influenza virus that normally occur in wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)

American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate of 10,000 men a day on the Western Front in the summer of 1918. (wikipedia.org)
Scandinavian health statistics record an unseasonable outbreak of flu in the summer of 1918. (newscientist.com)

Over 100 years ago, the 1918 influenza pandemic killed 675,000 Americans. (csis.org)

In the midst of a historic coronavirus pandemic, it may be difficult to believe that another virus could pose a threat to the public health and economic security of the American people. (csis.org)
iii Just because we are reeling from a coronavirus pandemic does not mean we are exempt from another influenza pandemic-now or in the future. (csis.org)
The discovery and spread of a novel coronavirus disease in 2019 and 2020 (COVID-19) has led to a plethora of comparisons to the deadly pandemic that occurred a century earlier-the 1918 influenza pandemic, known colloquially as the "Spanish flu. (thegospelcoalition.org)
He explained how the pandemic is accelerating the application of artificial intelligence to a broad variety of challenges in health care, including a very current and remarkable one: A sophisticated neural network, using computed tomography (CT) data, could soon be capable of distinguishing between the pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and that precipitated by some other cause, such as bacteria or an intense allergic reaction. (ieee.org)
One eagle-eyed shopper noticed that on the back of a bottle of Dettol a label read: 'Kills cold viruses (human coronavirus and RSV). (dailymail.co.uk)
Pandemics: How Will the Coronavirus Pandemic End? (wyattresearch.com)
If it is confirmed that the virus causes disease in humans, it will be the eighth unique coronavirus known to do so. (wyattresearch.com)

Seven years after the declaration of the first epidemic of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, the country faced a new outbreak-between 14 February and 19 June 2021-near the epicentre of the previous epidemic1,2. (researchgate.net)
Walter Reed Hospital flu ward during the Spanish Flu epidemic of 1918-19, in Washington DC. (worldatlas.com)
The deadliest month of this epidemic was October 1918. (worldatlas.com)
The first documented pandemic, or worldwide epidemic, that clearly fits the description of influenza was in 1580. (cdc.gov)
True or false: The influenza epidemic of 1918 killed more people than died in World War I? (historians.org)
But if history is something to go by, we meet a far much deadlier epidemic in 1918, the Spanish flu. (internetvibes.net)
Spain, which was neutral, reported on the pandemic, creating the impression that the country was hardly hit by the epidemic, thus the name Spanish flu. (internetvibes.net)
They pointed out that sequencing of the genome of the 1918 Spanish 'flu epidemic' was nearly complete, opening the door to unscrupulous scientists to build an even more potent virus," Reuters reported in July 2003. (sourcewatch.org)
The viruses implicated as the major cause of nationwide epidemic activity were influenza A(H3N2) strains, and in particular, these H3N2 viruses were shown to cause nearly all outbreaks in nursing home or hospital settings for which laboratory diagnosis was obtained. (cdc.gov)

The first inactivated-virus vaccines would not become available until 1936 . (ieee.org)
History tells us that vaccines have never played a big role in ending pandemics. (wyattresearch.com)
So how do pandemics like the Spanish Flu in 1918 end without vaccines? (wyattresearch.com)
Following the pandemic, WHO Di- and industries to be able to produce Through rapid action the outbreak was rector-General Dr Margaret Chan com- effective medicines and vaccines, the contained. (who.int)

Between drift epidemics, the influenza virus appears to be antigenically uniform ( 11 ), but the degree of genetic uniformity has not been studied extensively. (cdc.gov)
Influenza viruses can be divided into 4 types: A, B, C, and D. Influenza type C viruses are not associated with severe disease, epidemics, or pandemics, and influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people, so neither will be discussed further here. (cdc.gov)
The Spanish flu, also referred to as the influenza pandemic of 1918, is one of the deadliest epidemics in recent history. (worldatlas.com)
Antigenic drift, along with waning immunity, results in annual influenza epidemics, since the protection that remains from past exposures to similar viruses is incomplete. (cdc.gov)
A] team led by Dr Mohammed Madjid noted that last century a series of flu epidemics from Spain to Russia and Hong Kong had killed millions of people as the virus naturally mutated. (sourcewatch.org)
Two types of influenza virus, type A and type B, regularly cause seasonal epidemics of influenza in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)

The H5N1 HPAI caused more severe illness and earlier death than 1918 virus and spread throughout the body causing infections. (usda.gov)

Experts at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have shown that a molecular change in the 1918 pandemic influenza virus stops its transmission in ferrets that were in close proximity, shedding light on the properties that allowed the 1918 pandemic virus to spread so quickly and potentially providing important clues that could help scientists assess emerging influenza viruses, such as H5N1. (cdc.gov)
He's also a parasitologist: comfortable talking about epidemiology, the parameter values of the rolling pandemics that'll start hollowing out our urban centers sometime in the next ten or twenty years. (rifters.com)
6. According to the Centers for Disease Control, an unusual characteristic of this virus was the high death rate it caused among healthy adults 15 to 34 years of age. (thegospelcoalition.org)

Dr. Tim Uyeki, Chief Medical Officer of the Influenza Division at CDC, answers common questions about highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, which have been detected in the United States in wild birds since late 2021 and commercial and backyard poultry since February 2022. (cdc.gov)
Like much of the rest of the world, the United States continues to experience outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in wild birds and poultry. (cdc.gov)

One of the few differences between the strains maps to the receptor-binding site of hemagglutinin, suggesting that two receptor-binding configurations were co-circulating during the pandemic. (cdc.gov)
The researchers compared the genomes from the U.S. and Germany and conducted lab studies with synthesized replicas of parts of the virus to learn how well different strains might have infected and replicated inside cells. (livescience.com)
Strains carrying the H5 type of a key influenza protein that helps the virus bind to cells in a host had never evolved to travel through the air from person to person. (boingboing.net)
Antigenic drift involves small mutations in the genes of influenza viruses that lead to changes in HA and NA that accumulate over time, resulting in the emergence of novel strains that the human immune system may not recognize. (cdc.gov)
As a consequence, the antigenic characteristics of current strains provide the basis for selecting virus strains to be included in the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Almost 80% of influenza virus isolates reported in the United States were type A(H3N2) strains, mostly similar to A/Bangkok/79(H3N2), a strain included in the vaccine for the last 3 years. (cdc.gov)
The strains of virus that cause influenza outbreaks change each year. (msdmanuals.com)
That the virus mutated several times and certain strains were more likely to infect people at a higher rate, whereas other strains gave graver symptoms. (lu.se)

Influenza pandemics occur when a new strain emerges to which people have little or no immunity. (cdc.gov)
In pandemic influenza, one or both of the virus's surface proteins are replaced with proteins to which the human population has no preexisting immunity ( 6 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
An influenza pandemic is by definition the emergence of an influenza virus A, with efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission, globally, in populations with no immunity or with limited immunity. (who.int)
We humans didn't develop herd immunity to the viruses, either. (wyattresearch.com)

At least four pandemics of influenza occurred in the 19th century, three in the 20th century, and one thus far in the 21st century. (cdc.gov)

Current H5N1 viruses prefer attaching to avian cells, suggesting the virus would need to make genetic changes before it could pass easily between humans. (cdc.gov)
Work on the 1918 virus is providing clues that are helping us evaluate other influenza viruses with pandemic potential, such as H5N1, that may emerge," said Dr. Terrence Tumpey, lead author of the paper and a CDC senior microbiologist. (cdc.gov)
Though we still don't know what changes might be necessary for H5N1 to transmit easily among people, it's likely that changes in more than one virus protein would be required for the H5N1 virus to be transmitted among humans. (cdc.gov)
That's why researchers in Europe and the U.S. decided to try something risky-see whether they could prompt existing H5N1 viruses to mutate into the very thing everybody's been dreading. (boingboing.net)
After several rounds, Fouchier ended up with an H5N1 virus that could spread through the air from one ferret to the other. (boingboing.net)
The H5N1 HPAI virus induced early host gene response than the 1918 virus with many of the responses being involved in early and sustained inflammatory processes, and the ability to spread to multiple organs. (usda.gov)
Since its discovery in the late 1990s, the avian flu virus, or H5N1, has infected at least 100 people, more than half of whom have died. (sourcewatch.org)
To date, roughly 103 people have been infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus--or bird flu. (sourcewatch.org)
HPAI A(H5N1) virus has been circulating among birds and poultry in different parts of the world for many years and continuing to evolve into different groups that are referred to as clades. (cdc.gov)
The current clade of H5N1 virus, called clade 2.3.4.4b, appears well-adapted to spread efficiently among wild birds and poultry in many regions of the world and was first identified in wild birds sampled in the United States in late 2021. (cdc.gov)
Since then, this current clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) virus has been detected in wild birds in 49 states and has caused bird outbreaks in 47 states affecting more than 58 million commercial poultry and backyard flocks. (cdc.gov)
What about H5N1 virus among humans? (cdc.gov)
Several sporadic human cases associated with poultry exposures during this outbreak of contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have been reported globally since January 2022, one of which was identified in the United States . (cdc.gov)
No human-to-human spread of H5N1 virus was identified in any of these cases. (cdc.gov)
Since 1997 , more than 880 human cases, nearly all from previously circulating H5N1 virus clades, have been reported from 21 countries with high mortality, but very few cases have been identified worldwide since 2016. (cdc.gov)
A small number of sporadic human infections with H5N1 virus does not change the risk to the general public, which CDC currently considers to be low. (cdc.gov)
What about H5N1 virus among mammals? (cdc.gov)
Although H5N1 viruses primarily infect different types of wild birds and domestic poultry, H5N1 viruses also can infect other animals. (cdc.gov)
Sporadic H5N1 virus infections of mammals have been reported for 20 years in different countries that have experienced H5N1 outbreaks in poultry or wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Recently, sporadic H5N1 virus infections in different mammals, including bears, wild foxes , and skunks , have been reported in Canada , the United States , and other countries, including mink in Spain and sea lions in Peru. (cdc.gov)
Reports of sporadic H5N1 virus infections of predatory and scavenger mammals are not unexpected given widespread H5N1 virus infections in wild birds worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Does the detection of H5N1 viruses in farmed mink change the assessment of the risk to human health? (cdc.gov)
No. Analyses of the H5N1 viruses from farmed mink detected in Spain have not found any indications that would point to increased ability to infect humans. (cdc.gov)
If there were mink-to-mink spread of H5N1 virus (for example in the outbreak in Spain), would that change the assessment of the risk to human health? (cdc.gov)
No. If there was mink-to-mink spread of H5N1 virus, assessment of the risk to public health would depend upon whether there were any genetic changes in the virus and what those changes were compared with H5N1 viruses circulating in birds to date. (cdc.gov)
While there was a genetic marker in the H5N1 viruses detected during the outbreak in mink in Spain that may have increased the amount of virus in infected mink, this marker is unlikely to make it easier for H5N1 virus to transmit to humans. (cdc.gov)
stop sharing their H5N1 viruses alto- "The world is ill prepared to respond to gether ( 1 ). (who.int)

To spread and cause illness, the influenza virus must first bind to host cells found in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
Sickness comes in haste, but goes in leisure - The illness endured during a pandemic is remembered for many years afterwards. (historians.org)
To understand how illness and death are produced, a mouse model was studied with all three types of viruses. (usda.gov)
Monitoring and assessing influenza viruses and illness. (cdc.gov)
Instead of causing possibly fatal illnesses, over time the viruses came to trigger small surges of milder illness. (wyattresearch.com)
It is not known whether the virus caused the people's illness. (wyattresearch.com)

Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
The variety of host cells that a virus can infect is called its host range: this is narrow for viruses specialized to infect only a few species, or broad for viruses capable of infecting many. (wikipedia.org)
That means you have more opportunity for mutations to arise that change what the virus does and who it can infect. (boingboing.net)
As a bonus, influenza viruses that infect the same host can share genes-essentially creating a baby virus that carries traits from different parents. (boingboing.net)
The fact that a single virus bearer could infect many without him-/herself showing any symptoms, thus making it harder to track. (lu.se)

The results suggest that in the early stages of an influenza A pandemic, mutations that occur during replication do not become fixed so that a uniform "consensus" strain circulates for some time. (cdc.gov)
The virus responsible for the 1918 influenza pandemic still circulates today. (livescience.com)

Juergen A. Richt, Regents Distinguished Professor of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology at K-State's College of Veterinary Medicine, studied the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic with colleagues from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. (scienceblog.com)
In the US, the Spanish flu was first observed in January 1918 in Kansas. (worldatlas.com)
Today, however, we seek to gain some insights about healthcare and economic lessons learned over a century ago during the Spanish flu pandemic. (wilmingtonbiz.com)
Many researchers have attempted to analyze the small bit of data that exists and conclude that mortality rates and population density during the Spanish flu are related as urban communities were caught off guard by the pace of the virus and healthcare workers had no good treatment options. (wilmingtonbiz.com)
The 1918 flu pandemic (commonly referred to as the Spanish flu) was an influenza pandemic that spread to nearly every part of the world. (timelineindex.com)
This special online exhibit traces the effects of the Spanish flu pandemic on London society, featuring commentary, photographs, and letters detailing the viral era. (historians.org)
The 1918 Spanish flu was utterly unstoppable, stretching its infectious fingers into the most rural parts of the country, including the east Tennessee mountains. (historians.org)
Learn more about the 1918 flu pandemic, also known as the Spanish flu. (internetvibes.net)
That unlike the Spanish flu of 1918 it hit the elderly population the hardest. (lu.se)

One of the primary explanations for the end of the pandemic was the fact that the doctors had learned better ways of treating and preventing pneumonia that developed after a person contracted this virus. (worldatlas.com)
Viruses like flu can also cause pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
George Nelson] During previous flu pandemics, up to one in every three cases developed pneumonia and many of those cases were caused by pneumococcus. (cdc.gov)
CDC's own pandemic flu planning included many strategies for reducing not only the impact of pandemic flu virus itself, but also complications like pneumococcal pneumonia. (cdc.gov)

If such a change provides the virus with a competitive advantage, that strain quickly replaces its predecessor. (cdc.gov)
The process of progressive change in the antigenic properties of the virus is called antigenic drift and results in the emergence of an antigenically distinct variant strain every 2-3 years. (cdc.gov)
During the rapid initial spread of a pandemic strain, little antigenic pressure on the virus exists. (cdc.gov)
Another hypothesis claims that the virus mutated rapidly into a non-lethal strain, which is quite common with influenza viruses. (worldatlas.com)
As this is an emerging outbreak RB, like all manufacturers, doesn't yet have access to the new virus (2019-nCoV) for testing and, as a result, are not yet in a position to confirm levels of effectiveness against the new strain. (dailymail.co.uk)
Each additional case provides the virus an opportunity to improve its ability for human-to-human transmission and develop into a pandemic strain. (sourcewatch.org)

The 2020-2022 pandemic also brought on another political setback for the United States. (governing.com)

WHO, en- web-based electronic influenza surveil- tries renewed their resolve to work trusted with its implementation, heard lance platform has been created and closely together, and with industry and the call to action and immediately went national pandemic planning is being civil society, to finish the task they had to work ( 1 ). (who.int)

Reaching universal access to influenza medical countermeasures is a key component of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Strategy, and the capabilities and capacities needed for pandemic preparedness more broadly help countries advance toward achieving health for all. (who.int)
We anticipate that the presentations and discussion at this side event will expand participants' awareness of pandemic influenza progress and challenges, which may build potential increased political and financial support for pandemic influenza preparedness and response, and inform Member State discussions on a WHA decision. (who.int)

Genome of the 1918 pandemic flu virus was fully sequenced in 2005. (cdc.gov)

However, the degree of genetic identity among viral isolates during a pandemic is not known. (cdc.gov)
Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers extracted viral RNA from those samples to reconstruct about 60% and 90%, respectively, of the genomes of the flu virus that killed the soldiers. (livescience.com)
The same process of viral evolution can be seen in the current COVID-19 pandemic, he said. (livescience.com)
Comparative approaches have unveiled diverse evolutionary patterns, highlighting both stable host-virus associations over extended evolutionary timescales and much more recent viral emergence events. (researchgate.net)
Dissemination was not due to virus growth, as evidenced by the similarity in viral titers. (usda.gov)
Mice succumbed to both viral infections, but VN/1203-infected mice died faster than 1918-infected animals. (usda.gov)

As reported in the March 23, 2006, issue of Nature , a team of scientists in the US and Japan , "led by [Virologist] Professor Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that avian influenza viruses and human influenza viruses home in on slightly different receptors. (sourcewatch.org)
Over the past decades, the Region has experienced a number of significant emerging infectious disease events, including human infections with avian influenza viruses. (who.int)

With this vital research, we are learning more about what may have contributed to the spread and deadliness of the 1918 pandemic," said CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding. (cdc.gov)
This research suggests that, for an influenza virus to spread efficiently, the virus's HA must prefer attaching to cells that are found predominately in the human upper airway instead of cells found predominately in the gastrointestinal tracts of birds. (cdc.gov)
Viruses spread in many ways. (wikipedia.org)
You can also spread the virus if you touch something (like a doorknob or table) after you've sneezed or coughed into your hand, and then other people come along and touch the same doorknob or table and put their hand on their nose or mouth. (howstuffworks.com)
This rampant spread is called a pandemic . (howstuffworks.com)
Additionally, this outbreak overlapped with major conflicts during World War I, so soldiers, packed together in barracks, easily spread the virus among themselves and to the next battle site. (si.edu)
The Spanish, meanwhile, believed the virus had spread to them from France, so they took to calling it the 'French Flu. (thegospelcoalition.org)
4. The pandemic occurred in several waves that spread across the globe. (thegospelcoalition.org)
When an infected person coughed or sneezed, virus particles were spread to those near him/her. (worldatlas.com)
In March, an infected worker at a Korean call center spread the virus to 96 others , including nearly half of those on his floor. (smithsonianmag.com)
Universities were also caught off guard with the speed of the spread the virus, and students had to be treated in dorms and gyms. (wilmingtonbiz.com)
People's China has already mobilized the whole country to curb the spread of the virus and treat those who contract it. (workers.org)
A virus's ability to spread is the key to its ability to create a pandemic. (sourcewatch.org)
Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes on the basis of two antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Three subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1, H2, H3) and two subtypes of neuraminidase (N1, N2) are recognized among influenza A viruses that have caused wide-spread human disease. (cdc.gov)
With humans and animals living in close proximity, the Western Pacific region provides an ideal environment for influenza viruses to pass from animals to humans, potentially mutate and spread globally in a rapid manner. (who.int)
The bird flu virus rarely spreads from animals to people (spread to people. (msdmanuals.com)
has been developed in case that virus becomes able to spread from person to person. (msdmanuals.com)

From 1917 to 1920, the virus infected one-third of the Earth's population, which at the time was about 1.8 billion people. (thegospelcoalition.org)

The experiments were conducted with ferrets because their reaction to influenza viruses closely mimics how the disease affects humans. (cdc.gov)
The genetic mutations that popped up between the first and second waves may have made the virus better adapted to spreading among humans, rather than between birds, its natural hosts. (livescience.com)
But thankfully the "pro-life" conservative justices of the Supreme Court came to the rescue - of the virus not humans. (sltrib.com)
They've carried out their experiments on ferrets, which respond to flu viruses much like humans do. (boingboing.net)
Three types of influenza virus are known to affect humans: A, B, and C. Type A influenza has subtypes determined by the surface antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)
Antigenic shifts are probably due to genetic recombination (an exchange of a gene segment) between influenza A viruses that affect humans and/or animals. (cdc.gov)
But public health officials around the world are warning that the casualty numbers could be much higher if the virus becomes more easily transmittable between humans. (sourcewatch.org)
In effect, humans and viruses reached a "ceasefire. (wyattresearch.com)

Antigenic changes also necessitate frequent updating of influenza vaccine components to ensure that the vaccine is matched to circulating viruses. (cdc.gov)

More lives were lost in this flu pandemic than in all of the 20th century wars combined. (howstuffworks.com)

Sometimes mutations can allow viruses to make a dramatic leap from one species to another, particularly if they are close by and have close contact with the original host. (patrickmalonelaw.com)

While we now have many more tools to combat outbreaks - including pharmaceutical interventions for prevention and treatment, national public health institutes with capacities including outbreak surveillance and response, and international coordination to prevent and mitigate pandemics - influenza still presents a potential pandemic health threat and many lessons remain to be learned. (who.int)
fourth session in Ethiopia in early May 2009, urged Member States to mobilise the necessary logistics and financial resources needed to mitigate the potential impact of an influenza pandemic in Africa. (who.int)

If unleashed-and if proven capable of spreading from human to human with the same high mortality rate-it could make the deadly 1918 pandemic look like a pesky cold. (boingboing.net)
We have been in an urgent race against time to prevent the risk of a future global SARS pandemic, with numbers of cases in some places doubling in the past every 2 -3 weeks of a disease with 10% mortality - up to 50% in those over 65. (globalchange.com)

The 1918-19 influenza pandemic began, in some parts of the world, with mild outbreaks in the spring of 1918. (cdc.gov)
The first wave of this pandemic occurred during the spring of 1918, and it was mild. (worldatlas.com)
And this was a comparatively mild virus. (governing.com)

This side event, open to all participants of the 71st WHA, will focus on preventing, detecting and responding to pandemic influenza, viewed through the lens of the centennial of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. (who.int)

During the first pandemic outbreak, federal workers from the Bureau of War Risk Insurance joined Smithsonian employees in the overcrowded the United States National Museum, now known as the National Museum of Natural History. (si.edu)

Its polymerase complex lacks proofreading capability, such that one in five virus particles produced is likely to contain a change at one of its approximately 13,500 nt ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Although scientists don't know for sure how the genetic variations changed the behavior of the virus, "it's predicted that these changes helped the virus to evade one of the mechanisms that [human] cells use to shut down influenza viruses ," he said. (livescience.com)
Users can explore how the pandemic affected individual states and read biographies of notable doctors and scientists who played pivotal roles warding off the virus. (historians.org)
Medical scientists cannot agree whether viruses should be considered to be "alive," and they are unsure how long they have existed, particularly because they haven't left evidence in fossils or elsewhere about their existence in times long ago. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
They appear in the genetic double-helix in patterns, captured in scientific terms by letter chains like A-T-C-G. Scientists have learned to map or sequence these, giving them i mportant new ways to detect and protect against viruses . (patrickmalonelaw.com)
Scientists at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University are testing its effects on 120 patients who have the virus, giving them daily infusions of 24g of vitamin C for seven days n tests, vitamin C has worked against every virus - if given in sufficient concentration, says Dr Levy. (energeticforum.com)
In order to know would this virus be the cause of another what dangers exist and for scientists devastating pandemic, killing millions? (who.int)

A few bat species were recently shown to be infected by influenza viruses originally designated as new influenza A subtypes H17N10 and H18N11. (cdc.gov)

The worst flu pandemic in history struck in 1918. (howstuffworks.com)
The flu pandemic that struck in the autumn of 1918 killed tens of millions worldwide. (newscientist.com)

Influenza virus infections occur every year in the United States but vary greatly in incidence and geographic distribution. (cdc.gov)
Although influenza B viruses have shown much more antigenic stability than influenza A viruses, antigenic variation does occur. (cdc.gov)

Both VN/1203 and 1918 infections elicited the expression of type I interferon related genes in wild-type, interferon-a/ß receptor-deficient (IFNR1-/-) mice and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), although expression with VN/1203 was more robust. (usda.gov)

From the site, How Stuff Works , this video supplies a strong overview of the 1918 pandemic, both medically and historically. (historians.org)

The deadly virus hit the world at a vulnerable time, as World War I had just come to a close in the early fall of 1918. (historians.org)

This provides an invaluable source of information for paleovirologists to trace back ancient viruses that existed as far back as millions of years ago. (wikipedia.org)
Although there have been documented Ebola virus disease outbreaks for more than 40 years, the natural reservoir host has not been identified. (researchgate.net)
The pandemic lowered the average life expectancy in the United States by more than 12 years. (thegospelcoalition.org)
You see, past pandemics saw the switch to an endemic virus within two years. (wyattresearch.com)
An influenza vaccine that has a higher dose of inactivated virus is recommended for people 65 years old and over. (msdmanuals.com)
Its purpose is to study pandemics using data from up to 400 years of record-keeping in the Nordic countries. (lu.se)

Another mutation may have changed how the virus interacts with a human protein known as MxA, which helps orchestrate the body's immune response to new pathogens. (livescience.com)
The evolution of human-virus associations is usually reconstructed from contemporary patterns of genomic diversity. (researchgate.net)
It also suggests that pigs could have played a role in maintaining and spreading the 1918 human pandemic influenza virus. (scienceblog.com)
Non-structural (NS) 1 proteins from recombinant influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) and influenza A/Finland/554/09 (H1N1pdm09) viruses were purified and used in Western blot analysis to determine specific antibody responses in human sera. (plos.org)
With COVID the Danish expert group tried to find out how pathogens evolved during the pandemic and how human interventions have affected the impact of it. (lu.se)

The analysis was based on the presence or absence of antibody response against non-structural protein 1 (NS1) from H1N1pdm09 virus, which was not a component of Pandemrix vaccine. (plos.org)
A non-live, recombinant influenza virus vaccine not requiring isolation or growth in hen's eggs was licensed in 2013. (cdc.gov)
Influenza vaccine is usually given as an injection of inactivated virus into the muscle. (msdmanuals.com)
Her research currently focuses on modeling historical and contemporary pandemics and emerging infectious diseases, population transitions to long healthy lives, "big data" in health, and vaccine program evaluation. (lu.se)

The Science study suggests that the hemagglutinin (HA), a type of protein found on the surface of influenza viruses, plays an important role in the 1918 virus's ability to transmit from one host to another efficiently. (cdc.gov)
To assess the homogeneity of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus, partial hemagglutinin gene sequences have been determined for five cases, including two newly identified samples from London, United Kingdom. (cdc.gov)
Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on surface proteins called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)
Virus surface antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase continually change. (cdc.gov)

What has the Smithsonian done during past pandemics? (si.edu)
The Center studies the "Signature Features" of COVID-19 and past pandemics (influenza, cholera, smallpox). (lu.se)
In essence that entails the use of mathematical models on historical data of past pandemics. (lu.se)
Thanks to the extent of digitalized data, it was possible to map and analyse past pandemics. (lu.se)

Most virus species have virions too small to be seen with an optical microscope and are one-hundredth the size of most bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids-pieces of DNA that can move between cells-while others may have evolved from bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
The largest virus is smaller than the tiniest bacteria, so tiny they cannot even be seen with a regular light microscope. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
And unlike bacteria, viruses, as far as we know, are never good for you. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
Since colds and the flu are caused by viruses, rather than bacteria, antibiotics are not an effective treatment option. (everydayhealth.com)
Overview of Immunization Immunization (vaccination) helps the body defend itself against diseases caused by certain bacteria or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

While the Covid-19 crisis is far from over, we cannot afford to be complacent about what has long been understood to be a principal health security threat: influenza viruses. (csis.org)
The threat of new mutant viruses continues and SARS was a wake-up call. (globalchange.com)

We were very lucky that the last Ebola pandemic did not explode into the massive cities of Nigeria, it came very close, and in fact it was a mix of luck and an excellent pro-active response by the Nigerian authorities that prevented that. (pprune.org)

The pandemic has now killed far more Americans than the 1918 pandemic, more than any of our most deadly wars. (sltrib.com)

Currently available antiviral drugs have been shown to be effective against the 1918 influenza virus and similar viruses. (cdc.gov)
Clinically, epidemiologically, and pathologically, the disease was remarkably uniform, which suggests that similar viruses were causing disease around the world. (cdc.gov)

During the 1918 influenza pandemic, warehouses were converted to keep infected people quarantined. (livescience.com)
This was surprising, since the 1918 virus killed more than 20 million people and was lethal to ferrets, mice and macaques. (scienceblog.com)
The influenza pandemic of 1918 caused the death of over 50 million people. (worldatlas.com)
From the first embers stirring in China, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a stealthy wildfire, flaring with deadly efficiency when it happens upon the opportunistic combination of people and place. (smithsonianmag.com)
Those infected typically have the highest level of virus in their systems before they develop symptoms , a cleaving difference from other diseases where people become most infectious after they show symptoms and are likely to be under care or quarantine. (smithsonianmag.com)
Apparently viruses are people too. (sltrib.com)
That in a world with 7.8 billion people-more than four times as many as in 1918. (ieee.org)
The 1918 pandemic killed an estimated 40-50 million people. (who.int)
The pandemic killed 50 million people world wide, far more than the 16 million claimed by the first World War. (historians.org)
In 1918, influenza killed millions of people worldwide. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms110

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care19

Geographicals4

H1N128

Global pandemic3

19576

19681

Wave of the pandemic5

Swine11

Current pandemic2

Respiratory14

19196

Another pandemic4

Next pandemic3

Deaths8

Late 19181

Infection13

Summer of 19182

675,0001

Coronavirus7

Epidemic9

Vaccines4

Epidemics6

Severe1

Centers3

Highly pathogeni2

Strains8

Immunity4

21st century1

H5N127

Illness6

Infect5

Circulates2

Spanish Flu9

Pneumonia4

Strain6

20221

National pandemic1

Influenza preparedness2

Genome1

Viral7

AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES2

Spread17

19201

Humans8

Antigenic changes1

20th century1

Mutations1

Mitigate2

Mortality2

Mild3

Centennial1

Outbreak1

Polymerase1

Scientists6

Infected by influenza viruses1

Struck2

Occur2

Infections1

Medically1

Deadly Virus1

Years6

Human5

Vaccine4

Hemagglutinin4

Past pandemics4

Bacteria6

Threat2

Ebola1

Americans1

Similar viruses2

People10