• In response, the British Niger Coast Protectorate sent in a punitive expedition under Admiral Sir Harry Rawson the next month. (omniatlas.com)
  • The Benin Expedition of 1897 was a punitive expedition by a British force led by Admiral Sir Harry Rawson (9-18 February 1897). (vermisstinbenin.de)
  • In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The museum must decide what to do with this collection, which was looted by British troops during a 19th century military expedition. (bostonglobe.com)
  • In 1897, Britain sent a punitive expedition to the Kingdom of Benin, in what is today Nigeria, in retaliation for the killing of seven British officials and traders. (ddgbooks.com)
  • Egboh, E.O., 1978, British Colonial Administration and the Legal Control of the Forests of Lagos and the Protectorate 1897-1902: An Example of Economic Control under Colonial Regime, Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, 9, 3. (dircon.co.uk)
  • The British Museum will take part in a European summit to discuss the return of art seized from the Benin kingdom, now part of southern Nigeria, by a British punitive expedition in 1897 as "reparations" after it defied the British empire by imposing customs duties. (herokuapp.com)
  • The college announced in 2019 that it would return the artifact that was looted from the royal court of Benin, which is a part of Nigeria today, by a British punitive expedition to Benin in 1897. (informereastafrica.com)
  • In 1897, British troops destroyed the capital, Benin City, in what is now Nigeria, and looted several bronzes, which subsequently found their way into the collections of European museums via the open market. (freiburg.de)
  • In 1897, the British launched its punitive Benin Expedition, which resulted in the destruction of the capital, Benin City, in what is now Nigeria, and the theft of more than a thousand works of art, which are among the most important from the African continent. (freiburg.de)
  • Die sogenannten Benin-Bronzen wurden im Zuge einer britischen Strafexpedition 1897 gegen das Königreich Benin, auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Bundesrepublik Nigeria, erbeutet. (freiburg.de)
  • Anfang der 1970er Jahre, kurz nach der Unabhängigkeit, forderte der junge Staat Nigeria erstmals die Rückgabe der Kunstschätze von europäischen Museen, die 1897 nach der Zerstörung des Königreichs Benin von der britischen Armee als Kriegsbeute verschleppt und in Europa verkauft wurden. (freiburg.de)
  • The Benin bronzes which were carted away by the British Government in their punitive expedition of on Benin City in 1897 are on the verge of being repatriated back to Nigeria from Germany. (com.ng)
  • Benin Kingdom , located in what is now southern Nigeria, was one of the most highly developed states in Africa when it fell in 1897 following the destruction of its capital, Benin City, by the British. (face2faceafrica.com)
  • The expedition saw widespread destruction and pillage of the Benin kingdom by British forces. (vermisstinbenin.de)
  • It was among the thousands of cultural treasures stolen by the British colonial troops in 1897 during the destruction of Benin City, where the royal palace was burnt down. (informereastafrica.com)
  • While the nation of Wakanda and its artifacts may be fictional, Killmonger mentions a theft of artifacts from Benin by British soldiers that recalls a real-life event: the punitive expedition of 1897, when 1,200 British soldiers attacked, burned, and looted Benin City, which was then the capital of the independent Kingdom of Benin. (umich.edu)
  • Although certainly constrained by the practical need for brevity, the wall text nonetheless does not sufficiently capture the punitive nature of the military invasion, in which 1,200 marines approached on a flotilla of warships, and air strikes were rained down on towns and civilians. (hyperallergic.com)
  • Before the British Punitive Expedition in 1897, bronze plaques littered palace walls throughout the Kingdom of Benin. (discoverafricanart.com)
  • In the autumn of 1897, the British Museum displayed 304 Benin plaques on loan from the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and subsequently petitioned successfully to receive 203 of these as a donation. (vermisstinbenin.de)
  • Although the BM recognizes that it owns 1,000 looted pieces, it has exhibited the 56 bronze plaques in their own display and applied to this contained group the captioning referencing the Benin expedition. (hyperallergic.com)
  • Prior to the British Punitive Expedition and violent invasion in 1897, domesticated leopards were kept in the palace to demonstrate the Oba's dominion over the wilderness. (symbolsofauthority.com)
  • There had been a "provocative British mission," led by acting Consul General James Phillips, with the understanding that the Oba would allow the British party to enter Benin ostensibly to discuss trade, but the Benin Iyase (commander of the Benin Army), acting independently, ambushed the group, triggering the punitive British invasion. (hyperallergic.com)
  • In late 1896 a British column entered the Kingdom of Benin in an attempt to reopen trade with King Ovonramwen Asoro N' lyokuo, but was ambushed and destroyed by anti-British elements within the state in January 1897. (omniatlas.com)
  • The so-called Benin bronzes refer to the antiquities looted in 1897 when a punitive British military expedition moved to crush the west African kingdom of Benin. (herokuapp.com)
  • In 1897 a great tragedy befell the kingdom of Benin when a British punitive expedition looted the treasury of treasures in the royal palace and plundered artefacts including those of great spirituality to the Bini people. (boasblogs.org)
  • In 1897, British troops marched on Benin City, capital of the fabled West African kingdom of Benin, ruled over by a powerful Oba. (uk.com)
  • Collard was the senior military officer on the expedition in December 1899 against the Uyoma and other northern Luo peoples that set out from Mumias and Port Ugowe, but despite the date on the albums there are no relevant photographs. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Over 3,000 pieces of bronze were looted from the old Benin Empire during the 1897 British Punitive Expedition. (lootedart.com)
  • Almost all Benin bronze and brass altar pieces in western museums today was taken as loot by British forces during the so-called 'punitive expedition' sent to conquer the Edo Kingdom in 1897. (horniman.ac.uk)
  • The GNM reportedly established recently that a Benin Bronze held in its ethnography collection was taken from Benin City by the British military as part of the Punitive Expedition of 1897. (museumsandheritage.com)
  • Britain's punitive expedition did not only lead to the deaths of gallant chiefs but it also took away various works of art including Ivory and bronze works. (face2faceafrica.com)
  • They've been calling for the return of the Benin Bronzes, hundreds of artifacts looted in 1897 when British soldiers embarked a punitive expedition to Benin. (kottke.org)
  • Many of the 32 works, known as Benin Bronzes, had been among the estimated thousands forcibly seized by the British in 1897, when troops captured Benin City and ransacked the royal palace . (bostonglobe.com)
  • And in 1916, he led 10,000 men on the Punitive Expedition. (mysticstamp.com)
  • In 1897 Sir Rennell Rodd of Britain and Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia signed the Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty (a.k.a. (omniatlas.com)
  • The 1842 Ivory Coast Expedition was led by Matthew C. Perry against the Bereby people of West Africa after two attacks on American merchant ships. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the most famous of the European explorers was David Livingstone , who charted the vast interior and Serpa Pinto, who crossed both Southern Africa and Central Africa on a difficult expedition, mapping much of the interior of the continent. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This caption in the British Museum's Africa galleries summaries briefly the political history leading up to the sacking of Benin City in 1897 by British forces. (hyperallergic.com)
  • In late 1896 the Congo Free State (CFS) dispatched a military expedition under Baron Dhanis to occupy Fashoda in the Upper Nile, only for the largely Tetela column to revolt in February 1897 in the face of ongoing deprivations. (omniatlas.com)
  • The commander of the expedition, General Sir Robert Napier, was victorious in every battle against the troops of Tewodros, captured the Ethiopian capital, and rescued all the hostages. (wikipedia.org)
  • The city, as well as its walls, was destroyed by the British during the punitive expedition of 1897. (thefegallery.com)
  • In 1897, an army of British soldiers raided Benin City in retaliation of a previous battle in which all but 2 men had perished. (discoverafricanart.com)
  • Combining the results of recent soundings, Dr W. Bruce, the leader of the Scottish expedition, finds that there is a ridge " extending in a curve from Madagascar to Bouvet Island, and from Bouvet Island to the Sandwich group, whence there is a forked connexion through the South Orkneys to Graham's Land, and through South Georgia to the Falkland Islands and the South American continent. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • The British launched this expedition in retaliation for the killing of James Phillips, a British official, who had been killed along with his party by Benin warriors for venturing into the City during Igue, a sacred religious festival after being asked to stay away. (thefegallery.com)
  • But by January 1897, tensions were high when a trade dispute prompted James Phillips, an official with England's Niger Coast Protectorate, to defy the wishes of the oba, or king, and travel as an envoy to Benin City. (bostonglobe.com)
  • From 1838 to 1842 ships of the United States Exploring Expedition engaged in three punitive expeditions against Pacific islanders. (wikipedia.org)
  • A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) was a rescue mission and punitive expedition against Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, who had imprisoned several missionaries and two representatives of the British government in an attempt to force the British government to comply with his requests for military assistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 518, Negus Kaleb of Axum dispatched a punitive expedition against the Himyarite Kingdom in response to the persecution of Christians by the Himyarite Jews. (wikipedia.org)
  • The attack was called a 'punitive expedition' because it was a retaliatory response to the Oba having massacred a British delegation of eight officials, two traders and local escorts the previous month. (uk.com)
  • 2. A powerful naval expedition was fitted out, but failed, an armistice and treaty of commerce being signed with the grand master, Pierre d'Aubusson (1479). (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • But last year, the Oba of Benin responded to the Robert Owen-donation through a member of the Benin Royal house, Chief Irabor Frank, who stated via email: "The Oba of Benin had said at many forums that the looting of the Benin palace by the British government in 1897 was premeditated. (africanartswithtaj.com)
  • It was sometime in 1897, long before I was born, the 'Punitive Expedition' if I recall correctly when thousands of British soldiers massacred hundreds of people and lay waste to the Oba's palace. (sprinng.org)
  • In 1897, following a series of frustrated attempts to end a monopoly on palm oil and various other commodities held by the Oba (king) of Benin, the British led a punitive raid on Benin City. (vam.ac.uk)
  • Arduous expeditions in the 1850s and 1860s by Richard Burton, John Speke and James Grant located the great central lakes and the source of the Nile . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In the summer of 1614, Ottomans led by Damat Halil Pasha engaged a successful punitive expedition against Sefer Dā'yl, an insurgent in Tripoli. (wikipedia.org)
  • and these sales went on as really, though more obscurely, after the successful expedition of Pompey. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • In the early 1st century AD, Germanicus engaged in punitive expeditions against the Germanic tribes as repercussion for the Roman Legions that were destroyed in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest. (wikipedia.org)
  • DELIAN LEAGUE, or Confederacy Of Delos, the name given to a confederation of Greek states under the leadership of Athens, with its headquarters at Delos, founded in 478 B.C. In August 1534 the adelantado, or governor, sailed from San Lucar, at the head of the largest and wealthiest expedition that had ever left Europe for the New World. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • A particular emphasis will be placed on determining whether - and which - objects from the British "punitive" expedition in 1897 were brought to Europe and ultimately ended up in the Völkermuseum, as the Weltkulturen Museum was then called. (proveana.de)
  • Its shrines and associated compounds were looted by British forces, and thousands of objects of ceremonial and ritual value were taken to the UK as official 'spoils of war' or distributed among members of the expedition according to their rank. (vermisstinbenin.de)
  • Reclamacion del Gobierno de las provincias Unidas de la Plata contra el de S. In 1210 Valdemar led a second expedition eastwards, this time directed against heathen Prussia and Samland, the chief result of which was the subjection of Mestwin, duke of Pomerania, the leading chieftain in those parts. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • The attack inflamed colonial passions, and within weeks the British had launched a so-called punitive expedition, described by newspapers at the time as a "little war" to avenge the attack and "thrash the bloodthirsty savages. (bostonglobe.com)
  • The Benin empire continued until the late 1800's, when the British invaded, captured and burned Benin City, known as the British Expedition. (discoverafricanart.com)
  • Illustration of Benin City in 1897 as drawn by a British official. (thefegallery.com)
  • View along a street in the royal quarter of Benin City, 1897. (thefegallery.com)
  • Other early collections were purchased or donated by members of the Benin expedition. (vermisstinbenin.de)