11th cranial nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

After this the nerve routes through jugular foramen with vagus nerves and glossopharyngeal . (knowyourbody.net)
Conventionally, it was considered that accessory nerve has a small cranial aspect that diminishes from the medulla and then connects with spinal accessory aspect before separating off to the nerve to link the vagus nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
From the skull, it goes through the jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (knowyourbody.net)
Once it leaves the skull, the cranial portion combines with CN X or the vagus nerve at the inferior ganglion. (knowyourbody.net)
X Vagus nerve (mixed) contains motor fibers which start from nucleus ambiguus, parasympathetic (preganglionic) fibers form dorsal nucleus and sensory fibers from superior and inferior ganglia in jugular foramen. (medmuv.com)
The vagus nerve is composed of both motor and sensory fibers, and has a more extensive course and distribution than any of the other cranial nerves, since it passes through the neck and thorax to the abdomen. (medmuv.com)
However, the vagus nerve has branches to most of the internal organs and is the part of the autonomic nervous system. (byjus.com)
The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
Five nerves have developed from the branchial arch nerves of lower vertebrates:the trigeminal nerve (V), the facialnerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve (X), and the accessory nerve (XI) . (brainkart.com)
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and the vagus nerve (X) emerge dorsal to the olive. (brainkart.com)
Supe-rior ganglion of the vagus nerve ( B15 ). (brainkart.com)
they run a short course in the nerve and change over to the vagus nerve as internal branch ( B17 ). (brainkart.com)

Within expert circles, it is known that TMD can cause trigeminal nerve symptoms such as facial burning and tinnitus (Beyers 1952, Freese 1959, Costen 1934). (mskneurology.com)
They found that decompressive treatment for the temporomandibular joints would relieve compression of the auriculotemporal (again, the trigeminal) nerve, and subsequently and consistently provide relief of symptoms in a great number of patients. (mskneurology.com)
What Stack & Sims postulated, as a theory to why this mechanism could provide relief for such seemingly unrelated symptoms, was that demyelination of the trigeminal nerve with compressive (ie. (mskneurology.com)
mechanical) origin could cause Epaphtic cross-talk between the trigeminal nerve and adjacent nerves within the brainstem, causing abnormal behavior of various networking nerves. (mskneurology.com)
Examining the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve, we see that within the spinal tract of V, which ends in the subnucleus caudalis, there are connections within the subnucleus caudalis to the glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX, which contains general sensory fibers and provides sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, tonsil, skin of the external ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane, and the pharynx (Figure 3). (mskneurology.com)
Moreover, I have found that the trigeminal nerve can be irritated at more than one site, ie. (mskneurology.com)
there are several branches of the trigeminal nerve that can be afflicted in TMD. (mskneurology.com)
The fifth pair is trigeminal nerve responsible for sensation on areas such as face, mouth and teeth along with some control over chewing muscles too.The sixth pair is known as abducens nerves which control lateral gaze by contraction of certain muscles around eyes allowing us look sideways without moving our head. (studyhippo.com)
The new channel extends from the semilunar ganglion of the trigeminal nerve to the upper end of the extra-cranial part of the anterior cardinal vein, that is, to the upper end of the internal jugular vein. (co.ma)
The trigeminal nerve (V) emerges from the lateral part of the pons. (brainkart.com)
The former courses ventrally into the first branchial arch and terminates near a branch of the trigeminal nerve that eventually becomes the lingual nerve. (medscape.com)

Paralysis of cranial nerves - Bell's palsy, ninth, tenth and eleventh nerves. (syrianclinic.com)
Tenth cranial nerve stimulates secretion of gastric juice in stomach. (maharashtraboardsolutions.com)

The tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear. (wikipedia.org)
The tympanic nerve contains sensory axons to the middle ear (including the internal surface of the tympanic membrane) whose cell bodies are lodged in the superior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
verification needed] The tympanic nerve arises from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the jugular fossa. (wikipedia.org)
The tympanic nerve usually arises from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical findings showed schwannomas of the glossopharyngeal nerve in seven patients and tumor involvement of both the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves in one patient. (ajnr.org)
When the origin could be identified, almost all these tumors were histologically proved to be schwannomas of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (ajnr.org)
Some of the sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve have been seen to end in the upper part of this nucleus. (medmuv.com)
The somatic motor fibers arise from the cells of the nucleus ambiguus, already referred to in connection with the motor root of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (medmuv.com)

Her Visual acuity was OK, but she was diagnosed with Cranial Nerve VI palsy. (thecurestartsnow.org)
A very large vestibular schwannoma may cause ninth cranial nerve palsy. (ajnr.org)
However, few studies have focused on the relationship between the distance of occipital-cervical vertical reduction and lower cranial nerve palsy following vertical over-distraction. (biomedcentral.com)
The Problem Palsy of the eleventh cranial nerve, the spinal accessory nerve (SAN), is a rare cause of scapular winging, leading to a painful disability about the upper extremity. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

Sympathetic ganglia comprises the thousands of afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along either side of the spinal cord, connecting major organ systems, such as the renal system, to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)
The rest of the cranial nerves contain both afferent and efferent fibres and are therefore referred to as the mixed cranial nerves. (byjus.com)
Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (unboundmedicine.com)

The fibers link to create roots, rootlets, and the spinal accessory nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
The spinal accessory nerve is formed by fibers of lower motor neurons situated in the upper areas of the spinal cord. (knowyourbody.net)
The fibers of the Spinal Accessory Nerve join together to form rootlets, roots, and the spinal Accessory Nerve itself. (knowyourbody.net)
Interestingly, cranial nerves VII, IX, and X also transmit fibers through the subnucleus caudalis (Figure 1). (mskneurology.com)
There are mechanoreceptors and proprioceptive input (A-beta and A-alpha) fibers located within the spinal tract of V. Nociceptive pain is caused by the stimulation of peripheral nerves with A-delta and Cpolymodal pain receptors. (mskneurology.com)
What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers? (studyhippo.com)
The sensory fibers arise from the cells of the jugular ganglion and ganglion nodosum of the nerve, and, when traced into the medulla oblongata mostly end by arborizing around the cells of the inferior part of a nucleus which lies beneath the ala cinerea in the lower part of the rhomboid fossa. (medmuv.com)
The olfactory nerve (I) consists of the olfactory fibers, the bundledprocesses of sensory cells in the olfactory epithelium which enter the olfactory bulb( B8 ). (brainkart.com)
The taste fibers of the facial nerve emerge as an independent nerve, the intermediate nerve ( B14 ). (brainkart.com)
Three thousand of the nerve fibers are somatosensory and secretomotor and make up the nervus intermedius. (medscape.com)

Schwannomas of the jugular foramen, usually with origin from the ninth nerve, are rare, but the presenting symptoms may be similar to those of a vestibular schwannoma owing to mass effect by tumor growth in the posterior cranial fossa (2-4) . (ajnr.org)

Introduction to the Neurologic Examination The purpose of the neurologic examination is to establish whether the patient's brain, special senses, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscle and skin receptors are functioning normally. (msdmanuals.com)
The video shows basic information about 11th (accessory) cranial nerve and the way of it's examination. (medtube.net)
Main focus is put on the examination of cranial nerves. (muni.cz)
The assessment of nerve injury includes a careful neurological examination, sometimes accompanied by tests, e.g., electromyography or nerve conduction studies. (unboundmedicine.com)
The cranial nerves occupy a special place in neurology because examination of their function and dysfunction can provide critical information localizing lesions to the brainstem or skull base. (mhmedical.com)

They most commonly arise from the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve (1) . (ajnr.org)
The seventh paired facial nerve allows us sense taste on front two thirds of tongue along with helping us talk by controlling facial muscles like those involved in smiling or frowning etc.[1] Eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear) helps us maintain balance while also transmitting sound signals from inner ear to brain. (studyhippo.com)
The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)

The necessary nerve intersects the interior jugular vein across the level of posterior belly of the digastric muscle. (knowyourbody.net)
This condition persists until the embryo attains a length of about 18 mm. when an anastomosis forms, above the otic vesicle, between the stems from the middle and posterior plexuses (Fig. 835), and at the same time that part of the primary head vein which lay lateral to the otic vesicle and the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th cerebral nerves disappears. (co.ma)
The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)

Damage to the Trochlear nerve might cause inability to move eyeball downwards and damage to abducens nerve might result in diplopia. (byjus.com)
the abducens nerve (VI) emerges from the lower border of the pons. (brainkart.com)

For the 3rd (ocolomotor), 4th (trochlear), and 6th (abducens) cranial nerves, eyes are observed for symmetry of movement, globe position, asymmetry or droop of the eyelids (ptosis), and twitches or flutters of globes or lids. (msdmanuals.com)
The fourth pair is known as trochlear nerve which controls movement of one eye muscle in particular called superior oblique muscle. (studyhippo.com)

Students get through the MP Board Class 11th Biology Important Questions Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination which are most likely to be asked in the exam. (mpboardguru.com)
Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Textbook Solutions Chapter 14 Human Nutrition Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers. (maharashtraboardsolutions.com)

The first one is called the Spinal Accessory Nerve that originates in the neurons located in the upper spinal cord (medulla oblongata). (knowyourbody.net)
The Spinal Accessory Nerve is a unique one that is it is known to be the only cranial nerve that enters and exits the skull. (knowyourbody.net)
The cranial portion or the cranial Accessory Nerve is smaller than the Spinal Accessory Nerve. (knowyourbody.net)

Hypoglossal nerve rotates the tongue. (mpboardguru.com)

The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) with its vestibular part represents a phylo-genetically old connection to the organ ofbalance already present in lower vertebrates. (brainkart.com)
The facialnerve (VII) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) leave the medulla oblongata at the cerebellopontine angle. (brainkart.com)

There were not any cranial nerve deficits other than the paralysis of the right vocal cord. (biomedcentral.com)

Lesser petrosal nerve Sympathetic connections of the otic and superior cervical ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
A sympathetic nerve to the heart that carries impulses that speed the heart rate. (unboundmedicine.com)

Viewed posteriorly the right kidney has its upper edge opposite the 11th dorsal spine and the lower edge of the 11th rib. (blogspot.com)

This secondary vessel follows the course of the facial nerve and in part of its extent it is extra-cranial. (co.ma)
The facial nerve, or cranial nerve (CN) VII, is the nerve of facial expression. (medscape.com)
The pathways of the facial nerve are variable, and knowledge of the key intratemporal and extratemporal landmarks is essential for accurate physical diagnosis and safe and effective surgical intervention in the head and neck. (medscape.com)
The surgical anatomy and landmarks of the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
The facial nerve is composed of approximately 10,000 neurons, 7,000 of which are myelinated and innervate the nerves of facial expression. (medscape.com)
The course of the facial nerve and its central connections can be roughly divided into the segments listed in Table 1, below. (medscape.com)
To innervate these muscles, the facial nerve courses across the region that eventually becomes the middle ear. (medscape.com)
By the eleventh week, the facial nerve has arborized extensively. (medscape.com)
In the newborn, the facial nerve anatomy approximates that of an adult, except for its location in the mastoid, which is more superficial. (medscape.com)
1, 2] The reader is referred to these references for a more detailed description of the supranuclear and nuclear organization of the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
Discharges from the facial motor area are carried through fascicles of the corticobulbar tract to the internal capsule, then through the upper midbrain to the lower brainstem, where they synapse in the pontine facial nerve nucleus. (medscape.com)
The pontine facial nerve nucleus is divided into an upper and a lower half, bilaterally. (medscape.com)
In 1987, Jenny and Saper performed an extensive study of the proximal facial nerve organizations in a primate model and found evidence that in monkeys, upper facial movement is relatively preserved in upper motor neuron injury, because these motor neurons receive relatively little direct cortical input. (medscape.com)

The anatomy of the accessory nerve can be studied by detailing its parts. (knowyourbody.net)

The accessory nerve offers motion functions to the sternocleidomastoid muscles that extend from the neck and move to trapezius and then extends to the upper back and shoulder. (knowyourbody.net)
It is a cranial nerve that serves the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. (knowyourbody.net)
The Accessory Nerve helps with motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (knowyourbody.net)
The third pair is termed as oculomotor nerve which controls most eye muscles as well as pupil size. (studyhippo.com)
The cranial nerve that controls the functioning of facial muscles on the face shows incapability to send to brain and receive signals from it. (planetayurveda.com)
Most of the cranial nerves originate in the brain stem and pass through the muscles and sense organs of the head and neck. (byjus.com)
The muscles supplied by these nerves are derived from the branchial arch muscles of the foregut. (brainkart.com)

The second pair is the optic nerve which carries visual information from receptors in the eyes to the brain. (studyhippo.com)
Only cranial nerves I and II are purely sensory and are responsible for the sense of smell and vision (optic nerve II). (byjus.com)
The optic nerve II is the agent of vision. (byjus.com)
and hypocortical optic nerve and chorioretinal scar were found in the macular region in both eyes similar to the lesions described by zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
In the funduscopy, the optic nerve was pale and with cicatricial chorioretinal lesion with well delimited edges in the macular area of both eyes. (bvsalud.org)

The cranial nerves originate in the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)
The cranial nerves are a set of 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brain stem. (studyhippo.com)

At a later period that portion of the vein which lay medial to the otic vesicle and the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th cerebral nerves has disappeared and has been replaced by a new channel, which is placed lateral to the otic vesicle and the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th cerebral nerves. (co.ma)
In the human embryo the stage in which the primitive stem vein lies to the medial side of the otic vesicle and the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th nerves does not seem to occur. (co.ma)
Rising 11th and 12th grade students in the LRSD as well as rising 10th grade students in schools in neighboring parts of Central Arkansas are encouraged to apply for any remaining unfilled slots. (uams.edu)
Primary consideration will be given to rising 10th grade students in the Little Rock School District but rising 10th, 11th and 12th grade students from LRSD or surrounding regions of central Arkansas are encouraged to apply. (uams.edu)
Primary consideration will be given to rising 10th grade students but rising 11th and 12th grade students are encouraged to apply. (uams.edu)

The nerve moves near the inner wall of the skull near the jugular foramen. (knowyourbody.net)
From the jugular foramen, it then leaves the cranium and connects to the spinal portion of the main Accessory Nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
The filaments of the nerve unite, and form a flat cord, which passes beneath the flocculus to the jugular foramen, through which it leaves the cranium. (medmuv.com)

Abnormalities in their function suggest pathology in specific parts of the brain stem or along the cranial nerve's path outside the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)
What had previously been unknown, however, was how compressive neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve's branches, especially the auriculotemporal nerve, could induce movement disordes as seen in Tourette's syndrome, and even myoclonic and spasmodic nerve disorders such as spasmodic torticollis / cervical dystonia, or generalized dystonia. (mskneurology.com)
The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)

They are responsible for a variety of functions ranging from vision, hearing, taste and smell to controlling facial movements, eye movements and pupil dilation.The first pair is the olfactory nerve which carries information about smell from receptor cells in the nose to the brain. (studyhippo.com)

It gives parasympathetic to supply to the parotid gland via the otic ganglion and the auriculotemporal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
These neurons then provide secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
What they found, was that compression of the auriculotemporal nerve in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder, symptomatic or asymptomatic, could generate a plethora of symptoms that far surpassed the conventional consensus. (mskneurology.com)

In December 2023, Dr. Vikram Chauhan's OPD is available on 4th, 5th, 11th & 12th of December 2023. (planetayurveda.com)
Rising 11th and 12th grade students are encouraged to apply for any remaining unfilled slots. (uams.edu)

Oculomotor nerve helps in the movement of the eye. (byjus.com)

In conclusion cranial nerves play an important role in normal functioning of human body through transmission of sensory, motor inputs/outputs between head/neck area and rest parts like torso or arms etc., hence any damage or disease related issues in these can cause significant impairments in our daily life activities depending upon severity level so it's very important we take good care about them. (studyhippo.com)
Some of the cranial nerves are responsible for sensory and motor functions as they contain only sensory fibres and motor fibres. (byjus.com)
Others are mixed nerves because they include both sensory and motor fibres. (byjus.com)
A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
It also provides the sensory innervation of the dura in the anterior and middle cranial fossae. (mhmedical.com)
The cell bodies of the sensory part of the nerve lie in the gasserian , or semilunar, ganglion . (mhmedical.com)
This, the largest sensory ganglion in humans, lies in the inferomedial part of the middle cranial fossa in a recess called Meckel's cave. (mhmedical.com)
The central axons of the ganglion cells form the sensory root of the nerve. (mhmedical.com)
in ontogenetic terms, it represents the remnants of several cervi-cal nerves that have become included in the brain region secondarily and now have only rudimentary sensory roots. (brainkart.com)

Infiltrations into large nerves (typically, the median nerve) and their branches also may be present. (contemporarypediatrics.com)

Lange Clinical Neurology, 11th Edition. (muni.cz)

Amongst the twelve pairs of the cranial nerve in the brain, the eleventh pair of cranial nerve (CN11) is called the Accessory Nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
The end part of high cervical segments seems to be regular with nucleus ambiguous from medulla oblongata, which is the area dividing the cranial part of the accessory nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
The basal plate in the embryonic spinal components C1-C6 derives the accessory nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
Let us look at the motor functions of the Accessory Nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
to it the accessory nerve is connected by one or two filaments. (medmuv.com)
Thecervical roots of the accessory nerve (XI) unite to form the spinal root ( B16 ). (brainkart.com)

However, the presence of an abnormal cranial nerve sign strongly suggests that the observed weakness results from a problem in the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)
Nerves that extend from the brain. (studyhippo.com)
Nerves that extend throughout the body on both sides emerging directly from brain and brain stem are called cranial nerves. (byjus.com)
Cranial nerves carry information from the brain to other parts of the body, primarily to the head and neck. (byjus.com)
Cranial nerves arise directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves and exit through its foramina. (byjus.com)
There are twelve cranial nerves which are numbered using Roman numerals according to the order in which they emerge from the brain (from front to back). (byjus.com)
Olfactory and optic nerves emerge from the cerebrum and all other 10 nerves emerge from the brain stem. (byjus.com)
A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)

thus, they can be considered cranial nerve disorders, neuro-ophthalmologic. (msdmanuals.com)
Pioneering work done by orthodontists Brendan Stack and Anthony Sims, first published in 2008, provided an opening for the notion of compressive neuropathy of cranial nerves as a precursor to spasmodic torticollis and other movement disorders (Sims & Stack 2008). (mskneurology.com)
There remain to be described the disorders of the facial (VII) nerve and of the lower cranial nerves (IX to XII), as well as certain diseases that affect the trigeminal (V) nerve. (mhmedical.com)

Tumors of the cranial nerve sheath constitute 5% to 10% of all intracranial neoplasms, yet few articles have described their CT and MR characteristics. (ajnr.org)
Cranial nerve sheath tumors constitute 5% to 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. (ajnr.org)

Vestibulocochlear (auditory vestibular nerve) is responsible for hearing and balance. (byjus.com)

verification needed] It also contains parasympathetic axons which continue as the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion, which itself gives off postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
The tympanic nerve is also the parasympathetic root of the otic ganglion. (wikipedia.org)

These are referred to as ephapses.28-30 Epaphtic cross talk may result in the transfer of nerve impulses from one axon to another. (mskneurology.com)
Thus in the absence of acetylcholine from synapse nerve impulses do not pass from one nerve cell to other and thus transmission of nerve impulses is inhibited. (mpboardguru.com)

According to classical anatomical nomen-clature, there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, although the first two pairs are not really peripheral nerves. (brainkart.com)

Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (unboundmedicine.com)
Students will work in small groups with standardized patients to collect data related to heart rate, blood pressure, pulse oximeter measurements, infrared imaging, and learn how to assess reflexes and cranial nerve function. (uams.edu)

Specific combinations of cranial nerve signs may suggest pathology at specific locations around the base of the skull. (msdmanuals.com)
He has an interest in intraoperative monitoring techniques and has introduced the use of motor evoked potentials for monitoring cranial nerves during Skull Base surgery. (ubc.ca)

Following up on this work, in my own research, I have found that compression of several nerves can lead to tic-like symptoms and movement disorder. (mskneurology.com)
The focal gigantism and its exact relationship to the hamartomatous disorder of the nerve remain unclear. (contemporarypediatrics.com)

Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are suspected or patients report abnormal smell or taste. (msdmanuals.com)
The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)

It is deemed as the 11th muscle of twelve pairs of the cranial nerves, or just cranial nerve XI. (knowyourbody.net)

This nerve comprises of three parts namely ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. (byjus.com)
The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)

Most of the cranial nerves belong to the somatic system. (byjus.com)
A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (unboundmedicine.com)

Furthermore, anatomical structures such as nerves and blood vessels were similar to those of humans. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
It contains blood vessels and nerves. (maharashtraboardsolutions.com)

Anatomy88

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Vagus12

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Tenth2

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Examination5

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Posterior4

Abducens nerve2

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Chapter2

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Facial nerve13

Anatomy1

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Originate2

10th5

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