• Unique and selective effects of five Ets family members, Elf3, Ets1, Ets2, PEA3, and PU.1, on the promoter of the type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor gene. (musc.edu)
  • Activation of the murine type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor gene: up-regulation and function of the transcription factor Elf-3/Ert/Esx/Ese-1. (musc.edu)
  • These studies share a common theme in which germline mutations of squamous lineage TFs are frequently found in an overlapping spectrum of human being ectodermal diseases, suggesting that these TFs are instrumental for early ectoderm specification and consequently are repurposed to regulate squamous differentiation. (columbiagypsy.net)
  • Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • The human ETS (E26 Transformation-Specific) protein family is a diverse group of 27 known transcription factors that regulate such varied cellular processes as differentiation and apoptosis, but also appear to induce oncogenesis when mutated or aberrantly expressed [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is now good evidence that there exists a coordinated programme of molecular events initiated at the outset of T-cell differentiation that leads to the generation of CD4 + Th effector cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods Pathways governing airway mucus cell differentiation include SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Notch, forkhead box A3(FOXA3)/SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF-related neuregulins NRG1α and NRG1β. (bmj.com)
  • Notably, these TFs were selected solely from inferred regulatory links using gene expression profiles and included many TFs regulating tumorigenic processes such as proliferation, metastasis, and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiR-155 also upregulates Mxd1/Mad1, a network of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors which mediate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, through regulating BCL6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell growth, cell proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated and highly interconnected during development. (silverchair.com)
  • Moreover, the spacing and relative orientation of the Elk1 binding site to the SRE is rather flexible, suggesting that the SRE-regulated early genes other than c-fos could be targets of Elk1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overexpression of ELF4 boosted CRC metastasis via transactivating its downstream target genes, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SRC . (thno.org)
  • The mouse and human Fli1 genes are similarly regulated by Ets factors in T cells. (musc.edu)
  • We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Genes up-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • For cytokine genes, at least three stages are thought to be required for the acquisition of transcriptional competence in T cells: an initiation phase, a commitment phase, and a phase of acute gene transcription (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes encoding proteins involved in processing of drugs and other xenobiotics. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • The role of MSY genes in important cellular processes such as transcription regulation, translation, and protein stability in males is vital not only in sex determination but also in sex-dependent organ development [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite extensive studies on the effect of these genes on the development pathways, some MSY genes have remained as missing proteins with no experimental protein evidence due to highly transient and spatio-temporal restricted expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (about 21 nucleotides long) strands of non-coding RNA that regulate the expression of multiple genes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). (childrensmercy.org)
  • The Fli-1 transcription factor regulates the expression of CCL5/RANTES. (musc.edu)
  • IRF5 and SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF). (nih.gov)
  • Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an ETS transcription factor family member, acts as an oncogenic driver in hematological malignancies and promotes tumor growth in solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Identification of ETS-like transcription factor 4 as a novel androgen receptor target in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • We show that knockout of the prolactin-regulated Ets transcription factor Elf5 prevented formation of the secretory epithelium during pregnancy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The metanephros originates from the intermediate mesoderm, which expresses odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 ( Osr1 ). (j-organoid.org)
  • The ETS family transcription factor ESE-1 is often overexpressed in human breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While previous publications have established ESE-1's transcription factor function, we have reported that ESE-1 initiates transformation of MECs via a novel non-nuclear, non-transcriptional mechanism [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mucus cells lining abnormal airways from patients with IPF expressed MUC5B and SOX2 but lacked SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and forkhead box A3(FOXA3). (bmj.com)
  • These genetic alterations often results in overexpression or activity of proto-oncogenes and inhibition of the function of tumor suppressor [1], [2].Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms by which the activity of both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors is usually altered in malignancy is usually crucially important both academically, and for development of new approaches to target malignancy cells for therapy. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • A useful analogy to consider when thinking about tumor suppressors and oncogenes is an automobile. (cancerquest.org)
  • We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Its ability to ubiquitinate p53 is regulated by TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. (umassmed.edu)
  • Phosphorylation of the Mdm2 oncoprotein by the c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates p53 tumor suppression and the radiosensitivity of mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • Aside from the full-length protein, the Elk1 gene can yield two shortened versions of Elk1: ∆Elk1 and sElk1. (wikipedia.org)
  • To produce c-fos, a protein encoded by the Fos gene, Elk1 needs to be phosphorylated by MAPKs at its C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fli-1 controls transcription from the MCP-1 gene promoter, which may provide a novel mechanism for chemokine and cytokine activation. (musc.edu)
  • Polymerase chain reaction deletion analysis of the murine TIMP-1 proximal promoter in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs identified an AP-1 element (-59/-53) that allows maximal responsiveness to OSM in HepG2 cells. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate could also induce c-Fos but could not regulate the TIMP-1 reporter gene constructs. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by the kinases, MAPK1 and MAPK8. (nih.gov)
  • The anterior intermediate mesoderm, which expresses LIM homeobox 1 ( Lhx1 ) and paired box gene 2 ( Pax2 ), develops into the ureteric bud lineage, which forms the ureteric epithelium through branching and growth. (j-organoid.org)
  • The ER81 ETS protein, for example, is activated in human breast cancer cells by the oncoprotein HER-2, resulting in over-expression of the prosurvival telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
  • Overexpression of one ETS protein in particular, the epithelium-specific ETS factor ESE-1, is implicated in human mammary transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Galectin-1 knockdown reduced sorafenib resistance in Huh-7/SR cells, whereas Galectin-1 overexpression in Huh-7 cells increased sorafenib resistance. (aging-us.com)
  • Galectin-1 overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) signaling, which increased sorafenib resistance. (aging-us.com)
  • The D domain plays the key role of binding to active Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 were activated and Elk-1 and AP-1 DNA binding activity was induced in Colo357L3.6pl cells. (duke.edu)
  • However, whether Galectin-1 regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by sensitizing HCC to sorafenib remains unclear. (aging-us.com)
  • It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Proto-oncogene proteins that negatively regulate RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE signaling. (nih.gov)
  • It regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION involved in METABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS in response to the increased concentration of LEUCINE. (rush.edu)
  • Finally, the DEF domain is specific for the interaction of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), a type of MAPK, with Elk1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein kinase C, which is activated by phorbol esters, can fulfill the same function as Ras. (wikipedia.org)
  • A-kinase anchoring protein 1 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subuni. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • EGF-receptor and Notch signaling are antagonistic: EGF-receptor signaling leads to down-regulation of the Notch-like receptor LIN-12 , while LIN-12 signaling induces negative regulators of EGF-receptor signaling such as MAP kinase phosphatase LIP-1 and the tyrosine kinase ARK-1. (wormbook.org)
  • see RTKRas/MAP kinase signaling ), LIN-12 (see LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans ), and WNT (see Wnt signaling ), as well as the functions of the SynMuv and mediator proteins (see Transcriptional regulation ). (wormbook.org)
  • Protein kinase Cd and c-Abl kinase are required for transforming growth factor ß induction of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. (jefferson.edu)
  • Most benefits were demonstrated in cyclin dependent-kinase 12 ( CDK12) mutated cell lines when treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy. (bjbms.org)
  • It has been linked to malignancy since its identification as an oncogenic fusion with the product of c-Myb proto-oncogene in the. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • ESE-1 initiates transformation of MCF-12A cells via a non-transcriptional, cytoplasmic process that is mediated by a unique 40-amino acid serine and aspartic acid rich (SAR) subdomain, whereas, ESE-1's nuclear transcriptional property is required to maintain the transformed phenotype of MCF7, ZR-75-1 and T47D breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1), which was downregulated in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)-mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), was identified as an inhibitory factor of MDS cell proliferation. (cusabio.com)
  • We identified Interferon regulating factor 5 (IRF5), solute carrier family 22 member 2 (SLC22A2) and S100 calcium binding protein A12 (S100A12) as the three proteins with the largest fold change between SLE patients and controls (SLE/Control = 1.4, 1.4, and 1.2 respectively). (nih.gov)
  • When the intestinal barrier is healthy, it allows selective paracellular transport of nutrients, regulating solute and water fluxes while preventing the entry of bacteria and toxins. (nature.com)
  • It is classified as a ternary complex factor (TCF), a subclass of the ETS family, which is characterized by a common protein domain that regulates DNA binding to target sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" by people in this website by year, and whether "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Mdm2 Phosphorylation Regulates Its Stability and Has Contrasting Effects on Oncogene and Radiation-Induced Tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These data highlight that ESE-1 contains NLS and NES signals that play a critical role in regulating its subcellular localization and function, and that an intact SAR domain mediates MEC transformation exclusively in the cytoplasm, via a novel nontranscriptional mechanism, whereby the SAR motif is accessible for ligand and/or protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Establishing the transcriptional programme for blood: the SCL stem cell enhancer is regulated by a multiprotein complex containing Ets and GATA factors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Transfection studies also showed that 3'-deletion of sequences downstream of the transcriptional start site (+1/+47) markedly reduced OSM -fold induction. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Hormonal cues regulate mammary development, but the consequent transcriptional changes and cell fate decisions are largely undefined. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma is a largely non-desmoplastic tumour, in which fibroblasts accumulate predominantly in the pre-neoplastic fibrotic liver and regulate the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma development through a balance of tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting mediators. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importantly, fibroblast mediators regulating hepatocellular carcinoma development might exert opposite effects on cholangiocarcinoma growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that PPan protein is localized in the nucleoli and mitochondria and that loss of PPan results in increased apoptosis. (silverchair.com)
  • Both ∆Elk1 and sElk1, truncated versions of full-length protein, are capable of binding to DNA and inducing various cellular signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results also suggest that in addition to its established role in invasion and angiogenesis, ETS1 may support malignant cellular Narlaprevir growth via regulation of CIP2A expression and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • miR-1202 may regulate OA development via histone acetyltransferase pathway binding function and cellular senescence pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2021) Extrasynaptic acetylcholine signaling through a muscarinic receptor regulates cell migration. (caltech.edu)
  • 2021). CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left-right symmetry breaking. (caltech.edu)
  • It might have an important polymorphic association at the promoter regions of several MMPs such as MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) and TIMP-2 (-418 G/C or C/C). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring inhibitors of MMPs, which inhibit the activity of MMPs and control the breakdown of ECM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum reponse element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. (nih.gov)
  • cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A m. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element. (nih.gov)
  • Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
  • [ 1 ] Mutations found in pediatric malignancies can be categorized broadly into driver mutations and passenger mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • It constitutes fibrous proteins such as collagen and elastin, elongated glycoproteins such as fibronectin and laminin, which provide cell matrix adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Osr1 -expressing cell clusters spatially regulate Six2 expression, which in turn induces the cap mesenchymal population. (j-organoid.org)
  • These findings are significant, since they provide novel molecular insights into the functions of ETS transcription factors in mammary cell transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Galectin-1 modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and plays a crucial role in HCC progression. (aging-us.com)
  • Herein, we established a sorafenib-resistant HCC cell line (Huh-7/SR) and determined that Galectin-1 expression was significantly higher in Huh-7/SR cells than in parent cells. (aging-us.com)
  • In addition to binding to RNA, nuclear factor 90 proteins form heterodimeric complexes that regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and may play a role in T-CELL activation. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • Nuclear Factor 90 Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
  • However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the activation of this proto-oncogene in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, OSM (but not IL-6) stimulates c-Fos, which participates in maximal activation of TIMP-1 transcription, likely in cooperation with other factors such as SP1 or as yet unidentified mechanisms involving the +1 to +47 region of the promoter. (uea.ac.uk)
  • It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ets factors and a newly identified polymorphism regulate Fli1 promoter activity in lymphocytes. (musc.edu)
  • Here, we investigated the function of E74-like factor 4 (ELF4), an ETS family member, in facilitating CRC progression. (thno.org)
  • Among the ETS family members, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 ( FLI1 ) was first identified as a proto-oncogene activated by proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ETS1 is usually Narlaprevir a founding family member of ETS-domain transcription factors. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • A family of double-stranded RNA-binding proteins that are related to NFATC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is usually a recently characterized human oncoprotein. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • Unsupervised clustering of all investigated proteins identified three molecular subgroups among SLE patients, characterized by (1) high levels of rheumatoid factor-IgM, (2) low IRF5, and (3) high IRF5. (nih.gov)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated MEK1/2-ERK MAPK pathway activity has been shown to regulate virtually all aspects involved in tumourigenesis. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) can be regulated by gp130 cytokines such as IL-6 and oncostatin M (OSM). (uea.ac.uk)
  • They found that miRNAs such as miR-140-3p regulated the metabolic processes of OA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was further constructed according to mRNAs in the miRNAs-mRNAs network. (biomedcentral.com)
  • these include the LIM domain protein LIN-11 , the Pax2/5/8 protein EGL-38 , the zinc finger protein LIN-29 , and the Nkx6.1/6.2 protein COG-1. (wormbook.org)
  • Therefore, it has been demonstrated that genetic or epigenetic alterations may be responsible for the special features of CAFs ( Fig. 1 ) ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For MMP-1(-1607) 1G/2G, a significant association was observed using the recessive genetic model. (cusabio.com)
  • Nuclear factors bound to SP1 and Ets sequences were detected, but were not altered upon OSM stimulation. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Although OSM and IL-6 induced STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) factors to bind a high affinity Sis-inducible element DNA probe, binding to homologous TIMP-1 promoter sequences was not detected. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Cooperativity between ß-agonists and c-Abl inhibitors in regulating airway smooth muscle relaxation. (jefferson.edu)
  • Our objective was to obtain protein profiles to identify potential general biomarkers of SLE and to determine molecular subgroups within SLE for patient stratification. (nih.gov)
  • We have identified three critical motifs, which are essential for enhancer function and bind GATA-2, Fli-1 and Elf-1 in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The EndoA enhancer contains multiple ETS binding site repeats and is regulated by ETS proteins. (musc.edu)
  • Galectin-1 expression was positively correlated with poor prognostic outcomes for HCC patients. (aging-us.com)
  • MET and AXL were highly expressed in patients with HCC, and AXL expression was positively correlated with Galectin-1 expression. (aging-us.com)