Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.

Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

Individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in dentistry.

Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy.

Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program in the health occupations.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

The educational process of instructing.

Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution.

Use for articles concerning dental education in general.

Formal instruction, learning, or training in the preparation, dispensing, and proper utilization of drugs in the field of medicine.

Instructional use of examples or cases to teach using problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

Undergraduate education programs for second- , third- , and fourth-year students in health sciences in which the students receive clinical training and experience in teaching hospitals or affiliated health centers.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.

Selection of a type of occupation or profession.

The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.

Educational institutions.

Theoretical models which propose methods of learning or teaching as a basis or adjunct to changes in attitude or behavior. These educational interventions are usually applied in the fields of health and patient education but are not restricted to patient care.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.

An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, or a persistent mental and/or neural state of readiness to react to a certain class of objects, not as they are but as they are conceived to be.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry.

Individuals enrolled in a preparatory course for medical school.

Systematic identification, development, organization, or utilization of educational resources and the management of these processes. It is occasionally used also in a more limited sense to describe the use of equipment-oriented techniques or audiovisual aids in educational settings. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, December 1993, p132)

Practical experience in medical and health-related services that occurs as part of an educational program wherein the professionally-trained student works outside the academic environment under the supervision of an established professional in the particular field.

One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Individuals who leave school, secondary or college, prior to completion of specified curriculum requirements.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Requirements for the selection of students for admission to academic institutions.

A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Studies beyond the bachelor's degree at an institution having graduate programs for the purpose of preparing for entrance into a specific field, and obtaining a higher degree.

Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.

The use of persons coached to feign symptoms or conditions of real diseases in a life-like manner in order to teach or evaluate medical personnel.

The psychological relations between the dentist and patient.

Use for general articles concerning nursing education.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Education via communication media (correspondence, radio, television, computer networks) with little or no in-person face-to-face contact between students and teachers. (ERIC Thesaurus, 1997)

The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.

Use for general articles concerning veterinary medical education.

Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations.

Professions or other business activities directed to the cure and prevention of disease. For occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians but who are working in the fields of medical technology, physical therapy, etc., ALLIED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS is available.

A four-year program in nursing education in a college or university leading to a B.S.N. (Bachelor of Science in Nursing). Graduates are eligible for state examination for licensure as RN (Registered Nurse).

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school.

Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank or social status.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Persons trained in an accredited school or dental college and licensed by the state in which they reside to provide dental prophylaxis under the direction of a licensed dentist.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a dental school.

Educational programs for pharmacists who have a bachelor's degree or a Doctor of Pharmacy degree entering a specific field of pharmacy. They may lead to an advanced degree.

The act or practice of literary composition, the occupation of writer, or producing or engaging in literary work as a profession.

Educational programs designed to ensure that students attain prespecified levels of competence in a given field or training activity. Emphasis is on achievement or specified objectives.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of pharmacy.

The exchange of students or professional personnel between countries done under the auspices of an organization for the purpose of further education.

That phase of clinical dentistry concerned with the restoration of parts of existing teeth that are defective through disease, trauma, or abnormal development, to the state of normal function, health, and esthetics, including preventive, diagnostic, biological, mechanical, and therapeutic techniques, as well as material and instrument science and application. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 2d ed, p237)

Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

Financial support for training including both student stipends and loans and training grants to institutions.

The practice of dentistry concerned with preventive as well as diagnostic and treatment programs in a circumscribed population.

Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.

Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.

A dental specialty concerned with the restoration and maintenance of oral function by the replacement of missing TEETH and related structures by artificial devices or DENTAL PROSTHESES.

The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.

The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.

The teaching or training of those individuals with hearing disability or impairment.

A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.

The procedures through which a group approaches, attacks, and solves a common problem.

The adopting or performing the role of another significant individual in order to gain insight into the behavior of that person.

Preparatory education meeting the requirements for admission to medical school.

A dental specialty concerned with the maintenance of the dental pulp in a state of health and the treatment of the pulp cavity (pulp chamber and pulp canal).

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Systematic efforts to assist individuals in selecting an occupation or suitable employment on the basis of aptitude, education, etc.

The body of truths or facts accumulated in the course of time, the cumulated sum of information, its volume and nature, in any civilization, period, or country.

Coexistence of numerous distinct ethnic, racial, religious, or cultural groups within one social unit, organization, or population. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d college ed., 1982, p955)

Formal education and training in preparation for the practice of a profession.

Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia.

Facilities where dental care is provided to patients.

Any observable response or action of an adolescent.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

A medical discipline that is based on the philosophy that all body systems are interrelated and dependent upon one another for good health. This philosophy, developed in 1874 by Dr. Andrew Taylor Still, recognizes the concept of "wellness" and the importance of treating illness within the context of the whole body. Special attention is placed on the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.

Appraisal of one's own personal qualities or traits.

Programs of training in medicine and medical specialties offered by hospitals for graduates of medicine to meet the requirements established by accrediting authorities.

Educational programs structured in such a manner that the participating professionals, physicians, or students develop an increased awareness of their performance, usually on the basis of self-evaluation questionnaires.

Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.

Familiarity and comfort in using computers efficiently.

The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.

Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.

Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.

The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment.

An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

The branch of psychology concerned with psychological aspects of teaching and the formal learning process in school.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Acquisition of knowledge as a result of instruction in a formal course of study.

Auditory and visual instructional materials.

Schools which offer training in the area of health.

Primarily non-verbal tests designed to predict an individual's future learning ability or performance.

The perceiving of attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of one's associates or social groups.

Various branches of dental practice limited to specialized areas.

A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal.

An individual's objective and insightful awareness of the feelings and behavior of another person. It should be distinguished from sympathy, which is usually nonobjective and noncritical. It includes caring, which is the demonstration of an awareness of and a concern for the good of others. (From Bioethics Thesaurus, 1992)

Transmission of live or pre-recorded audio or video content via connection or download from the INTERNET.

Providing for the full range of dental health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and rehabilitation of patients.

Geographic area in which a professional person practices; includes primarily physicians and dentists.

Violation of laws, regulations, or professional standards.

Cultural and linguistic competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations. Competence implies the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an organization within the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by consumers and their communities.

The process by which individuals internalize standards of right and wrong conduct.

Specialized instruction for students deviating from the expected norm.

All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.

Materials, frequently computer applications, that combine some or all of text, sound, graphics, animation, and video into integrated packages. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)

A geographic location which has insufficient health resources (manpower and/or facilities) to meet the medical needs of the resident population.

The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the dentist, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the dentist in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Skills and strategies, unrelated to the traits a test is intended to measure, that may increase test takers' scores -- may include the effects of coaching or experience in taking tests. (ERIC Thesaurus)

The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.

The act or fact of grasping the meaning, nature, or importance of; understanding. (American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed) Includes understanding by a patient or research subject of information disclosed orally or in writing.

The practice of compounding and dispensing medicinal preparations.

Total pharmaceutical services provided by qualified PHARMACISTS. In addition to the preparation and distribution of medical products, they may include consultative services provided to agencies and institutions which do not have a qualified pharmacist.

The individual's experience of a sense of fulfillment of a need or want and the quality or state of being satisfied.

Educational programs for medical graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic medical sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced medical degree.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

A subgroup having special characteristics within a larger group, often bound together by special ties which distinguish it from the larger group.

The expected function of a member of a particular profession.

A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)

Test designed to identify students suitable for admission into a graduate or undergraduate curriculum.

A person's view of himself.

The practice of dentistry concerned with the dental problems of children, proper maintenance, and treatment. The dental care may include the services provided by dental specialists.

Advanced programs of training to meet certain professional requirements in fields other than medicine or dentistry, e.g., pharmacology, nutrition, nursing, etc.

Passing off as one's own the work of another without credit.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Any enhancement of a motivated behavior in which individuals do the same thing with some degree of mutual stimulation and consequent coordination.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.

Interactions between health personnel and patients.

Education of the individual who markedly deviates intellectually, physically, socially, or emotionally from those considered to be normal, thus requiring special instruction.

The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans.

A principle that learning is facilitated when the learner receives immediate evaluation of learning performance. The concept also hypothesizes that learning is facilitated when the learner is promptly informed whether a response is correct, and, if incorrect, of the direction of error.

Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.

A branch of medicine concerned with the total health of the individual within the home environment and in the community, and with the application of comprehensive care to the prevention and treatment of illness in the entire community.

Persons with any degree of loss of hearing that has an impact on their activities of daily living or that requires special assistance or intervention.

Behavioral or attitudinal compliance with recognized social patterns or standards.

A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.

Programs of study which span the traditional boundaries of academic scholarship.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals.

The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).

The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.

Recording of visual and sometimes sound signals on magnetic tape.

Disorders related to substance abuse.

Preparatory education meeting the requirements for admission to dental school.

Those persons legally qualified by education and training to engage in the practice of pharmacy.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a nursing school.

Performance, usually in school work, poorer than that predicted from aptitude and/or intelligence testing.

The branch of science concerned with the means and consequences of transmission and generation of the components of biological inheritance. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Drinking an excessive amount of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in a short period of time.

The ability to generate new ideas or images.

Text editing and storage functions using computer software.

Systems where the input data enter the computer directly from the point of origin (usually a terminal or workstation) and/or in which output data are transmitted directly to that terminal point of origin. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)

Educational programs for dental graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic dental sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced dental degree.

Most frequently refers to the integration of a physically or mentally disabled child into the regular class of normal peers and provision of the appropriately determined educational program.

Investigations into the problems of integrating research findings into nursing curricula, developing problem solving skills, finding approaches to clinical teaching, determining the level of practice by graduates from different basic preparations, etc.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Analysis of word concepts by the association of polar adjectives, e.g., good-bad, with the concept, father. The adjectives are usually scaled in 7 steps. The subject's placement of the concept on the adjectival scale indicates the connotative meaning of the concept.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

A mechanism of information stimulus and response that may control subsequent behavior, cognition, perception, or performance. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or desirable.

The ability to acquire general or special types of knowledge or skill.

Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR DISABLED.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

The services rendered by members of the health profession and non-professionals under their supervision.

An occupation limited in scope to a subsection of a broader field.

Sexual activities of humans.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of nursing.

Cognitive mechanism based on expectations or beliefs about one's ability to perform actions necessary to produce a given effect. It is also a theoretical component of behavior change in various therapeutic treatments. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

Individuals licensed to practice DENTISTRY.

The granting of a license to practice medicine.

The interactions between physician and patient.

A dental specialty concerned with the prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies (malocclusion).

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

The attitude and behavior associated with an individual using the computer.

An optical disk storage system for computers on which data can be read or from which data can be retrieved but not entered or modified. A CD-ROM unit is almost identical to the compact disk playback device for home use.

Acquired or learned responses which are regularly manifested.

A specialty in which manual or operative procedures are used in the treatment of disease, injuries, or deformities.