The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.

Devices that help people with impaired sensory responses.

The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

Differential response to different stimuli.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

A delayed response interval occurring when two stimuli are presented in close succession.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

The smallest difference which can be discriminated between two stimuli or one which is barely above the threshold.

The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.

The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.

The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease.

Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs.

Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.).

Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Perception of three-dimensionality.

Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness.

Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.

A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.

Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.

The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.

The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

The difference between two images on the retina when looking at a visual stimulus. This occurs since the two retinas do not have the same view of the stimulus because of the location of our eyes. Thus the left eye does not get exactly the same view as the right eye.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.

Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.