The branch of psychology concerned with psychological methods of recognizing and treating behavior disorders.

The study of normal and abnormal behavior of children.

The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals.

The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of group membership upon the behavior, attitudes, and beliefs of an individual.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

The branch of psychology concerned with similarities or differences in the behavior of different animal species or of different races or peoples.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

The branch of psychology concerned with psychological aspects of teaching and the formal learning process in school.

The branch of psychology which seeks to learn more about the fundamental causes of behavior by studying various psychologic phenomena in controlled experimental situations.

A branch of psychology in which there is collaboration between psychologists and physicians in the management of medical problems. It differs from clinical psychology, which is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of behavior disorders.

The branch of applied psychology concerned with the application of psychologic principles and methods to industrial problems including selection and training of workers, working conditions, etc.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

Principles applied to the analysis and explanation of psychological or behavioral phenomena.

Patient-based medical care provided across age and gender or specialty boundaries.

The use of one's knowledge in a particular profession. It includes, in the case of the field of biomedicine, professional activities related to health care and the actual performance of the duties related to the provision of health care.

The organization and operation of the business aspects of a physician's practice.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Practice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice.

Studies beyond the bachelor's degree at an institution having graduate programs for the purpose of preparing for entrance into a specific field, and obtaining a higher degree.

The interdisciplinary field concerned with the development and integration of behavioral and biomedical science, knowledge, and techniques relevant to health and illness and the application of this knowledge and these techniques to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Disciplines concerned with the study of human and animal behavior.

The combined discipline of psychology and economics that investigates what happens in markets in which some of the agents display human limitations and complications.

Performance of an act one or more times, with a view to its fixation or improvement; any performance of an act or behavior that leads to learning.

The scientific disciplines concerned with the embryology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, etc., of the nervous system.

Ecological and environmental entities, characteristics, properties, relationships and processes.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

A system which emphasizes that experience and behavior contain basic patterns and relationships which cannot be reduced to simpler components; that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

A love or pursuit of wisdom. A search for the underlying causes and principles of reality. (Webster, 3d ed)

A psychologic theory, developed by John Broadus Watson, concerned with studying and measuring behaviors that are observable.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)

Research that involves the application of the behavioral and social sciences to the study of the actions or reactions of persons or animals in response to external or internal stimuli. (from American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed)

Those forces and content of the mind which are not ordinarily available to conscious awareness or to immediate recall.

The study of the physiological basis of human and animal behavior.

The study of the precise nature of different mental tasks and the operations of the brain that enable them to be performed, engaging branches of psychology, computer science, philosophy, and linguistics. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Psychoanalytic theory focusing on interpretation of behavior in reference to self. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Terms, 1994) This elaboration of the psychoanalytic concepts of narcissism and the self, was developed by Heinz Kohut, and stresses the importance of the self-awareness of excessive needs for approval and self-gratification.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

A way of providing health care that is guided by a thoughtful integration of the best available scientific knowledge with clinical expertise. This approach allows the practitioner to critically assess research data, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to correctly identify the clinical problem, apply the most high-quality intervention, and re-evaluate the outcome for future improvement.

The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate.

The science which utilizes psychologic principles to derive more effective means in dealing with practical problems.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

The branch of applied psychology concerned with psychological aspects of selection, assignment, training, morale, etc., of Armed Forces personnel.

Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.

The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.

Geographic area in which a professional person practices; includes primarily physicians and dentists.

A relational pattern in which a person attempts to derive a sense of purpose through relationships with others.

The period from about 5 to 7 years to adolescence when there is an apparent cessation of psychosexual development.

A generic term for the treatment of mental illness or emotional disturbances primarily by verbal or nonverbal communication.

The principles of proper conduct concerning the rights and duties of the professional, relations with patients or consumers and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the professional and interpersonal relations with patient or consumer families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

A branch of psychology which investigates the correlation between experience or behavior and the basic neurophysiological processes. The term neuropsychology stresses the dominant role of the nervous system. It is a more narrowly defined field than physiological psychology or psychophysiology.

Great Britain is not a medical term, but a geographical name for the largest island in the British Isles, which comprises England, Scotland, and Wales, forming the major part of the United Kingdom.

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

A voluntary contract between two or more doctors who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses.

Field of psychology concerned with the normal and abnormal behavior of adolescents. It includes mental processes as well as observable responses.

Business management of medical, dental and veterinary practices that may include capital financing, utilization management, and arrangement of capitation agreements with other parties.

The study of the structure, growth, activities, and functions of NEURONS and the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Use for general articles concerning nursing education.

A psychological theory based on dimensions or categories used by a given person in describing or explaining the personality and behavior of others or of himself. The basic idea is that different people will use consistently different categories. The theory was formulated in the fifties by George Kelly. Two tests devised by him are the role construct repertory test and the repertory grid test. (From Stuart Sutherland, The International Dictionary of Psychology, 1989)

In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'England' is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and contributions to medical science. However, in a medical context, it may refer to the location of a patient, healthcare provider, or research study, but it is not a term with a specific medical meaning.

A state in which attention is largely directed inward upon one's self.

The branch of psychology which investigates the psychology of crime with particular reference to the personality factors of the criminal.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

The interactions between physician and patient.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in children.

The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.

The conscious portion of the personality structure which serves to mediate between the demands of the primitive instinctual drives, (the id), of internalized parental and social prohibitions or the conscience, (the superego), and of reality.

The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.

A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)

Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.

The body of truths or facts accumulated in the course of time, the cumulated sum of information, its volume and nature, in any civilization, period, or country.

A process by which an individual unconsciously endeavors to pattern himself after another. This process is also important in the development of the personality, particularly the superego or conscience, which is modeled largely on the behavior of adult significant others.

Societies whose membership is limited to scientists.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The process of discovering or asserting an objective or intrinsic relation between two objects or concepts; a faculty or power that enables a person to make judgments; the process of bringing to light and asserting the implicit meaning of a concept; a critical evaluation of a person or situation.

Principles, models, and laws that apply to complex interrelationships and interdependencies of sets of linked components which form a functioning whole, a system. Any system may be composed of components which are systems in their own right (sub-systems), such as several organs within an individual organism.

Dissertations embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view, e.g., substantial papers written by candidates for an academic degree under the individual direction of a professor or papers written by undergraduates desirous of achieving honors or distinction.

The educational process of instructing.

Communication, in the sense of cross-fertilization of ideas, involving two or more academic disciplines (such as the disciplines that comprise the cross-disciplinary field of bioethics, including the health and biological sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences and law). Also includes problems in communication stemming from differences in patterns of language usage in different academic or medical disciplines.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals.

The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous to heterogeneous qualities.

Standards of conduct that distinguish right from wrong.

Strong desires to accomplish something. This usually pertains to greater values or high ideals.

Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.

Those physicians who have completed the education requirements specified by the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Disciplines concerned with the interrelationships of individuals in a social environment including social organizations and institutions. Includes Sociology and Anthropology.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

Differential response to different stimuli.

Highly pleasant emotion characterized by outward manifestations of gratification; joy.

Conceptual system developed by Freud and his followers in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior.

Cultural contacts between people of different races.

A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence.

Patterns of practice in dentistry related to diagnosis and treatment.

The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. Formerly called statistical bibliography. (from The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

Behavior-response patterns that characterize the individual.

Nonspecialized dental practice which is concerned with providing primary and continuing dental care.

A return to earlier, especially to infantile, patterns of thought or behavior, or stage of functioning, e.g., feelings of helplessness and dependency in a patient with a serious physical illness. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994).

The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.

The observable response of a man or animal to a situation.

The perceiving of attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of one's associates or social groups.

Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.

Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

The unconscious transfer to others (including psychotherapists) of feelings and attitudes which were originally associated with important figures (parents, siblings, etc.) in one's early life.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

A book is not a medical term, but generally refers to a set of printed or written sheets of paper bound together that can contain a wide range of information including literature, research, educational content, and more, which may be utilized in the medical field for various purposes such as learning, reference, or patient education.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

A particular kind of learning characterized by occurrence in very early life, rapidity of acquisition, and relative insusceptibility to forgetting or extinction. Imprinted behavior includes most (or all) behavior commonly called instinctive, but imprinting is used purely descriptively.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Individuals licensed to practice medicine.

The organization and operation of the business aspects of a dental practice.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.

The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.

Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

Educational programs designed to inform physicians of recent advances in their field.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, or a persistent mental and/or neural state of readiness to react to a certain class of objects, not as they are but as they are conceived to be.

Conscious or unconscious emotional reaction of the therapist to the patient which may interfere with treatment. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

The individual's experience of a sense of fulfillment of a need or want and the quality or state of being satisfied.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

A collective expression for all behavior patterns acquired and socially transmitted through symbols. Culture includes customs, traditions, and language.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

A principle that learning is facilitated when the learner receives immediate evaluation of learning performance. The concept also hypothesizes that learning is facilitated when the learner is promptly informed whether a response is correct, and, if incorrect, of the direction of error.

The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.

Patterns of practice in nursing related to provision of services including diagnosis and treatment.

The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

Educational programs designed to ensure that students attain prespecified levels of competence in a given field or training activity. Emphasis is on achievement or specified objectives.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.

The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

A cognitive process involving the formation of ideas generalized from the knowledge of qualities, aspects, and relations of objects.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program in the health occupations.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

Those affective states which can be experienced and have arousing and motivational properties.

Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Excusing or pardoning for an offense or release of anger or resentment.

Self-directing freedom and especially moral independence. An ethical principle holds that the autonomy of persons ought to be respected. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

The study of the effects of drugs on mental and behavioral activity.

The ability to generate new ideas or images.

The study, based on direct observation, use of statistical records, interviews, or experimental methods, of actual practices or the actual impact of practices or policies.

The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.

The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.

Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

A person's view of himself.

The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

Occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians, and are qualified by special training and, frequently, by licensure to work in supporting roles in the health care field. These occupations include, but are not limited to, medical technology, physical therapy, physician assistant, etc.

The human ability to adapt in the face of tragedy, trauma, adversity, hardship, and ongoing significant life stressors.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Consideration and concern for others, as opposed to self-love or egoism, which can be a motivating influence.

Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or desirable.

A state of increased receptivity to suggestion and direction, initially induced by the influence of another person.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

A theoretical technique utilizing a group of related constructs to describe or prescribe how individuals or groups of people choose a course of action when faced with several alternatives and a variable amount of knowledge about the determinants of the outcomes of those alternatives.

Refusal to admit the truth or reality of a situation or experience.

Games designed to provide information on hypotheses, policies, procedures, or strategies.

Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The expected function of a member of the medical profession.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

The expected function of a member of the nursing profession.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

An individual's objective and insightful awareness of the feelings and behavior of another person. It should be distinguished from sympathy, which is usually nonobjective and noncritical. It includes caring, which is the demonstration of an awareness of and a concern for the good of others. (From Bioethics Thesaurus, 1992)

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

The broad dissemination of new ideas, procedures, techniques, materials, and devices and the degree to which these are accepted and used.

The science of designing, building or equipping mechanical devices or artificial environments to the anthropometric, physiological, or psychological requirements of the people who will use them.

Introduction of changes which are new to the organization and are created by management.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

Physicians whose practice is not restricted to a specific field of MEDICINE.

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Scotland is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, located in the northern part of Great Britain. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!