The function of directing or controlling the actions or attitudes of an individual or group with more or less willing acquiescence of the followers.

Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values, which are subject to change, are reflected in the day to day management of the organization.

Physicians who serve in a medical and administrative capacity as head of an organized medical staff and who also may serve as liaison for the medical staff with the administration and governing board.

Nurses professionally qualified in administration.

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

The process by which the employer promotes staff performance and efficiency consistent with management goals and objectives.

Introduction of changes which are new to the organization and are created by management.

Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.

Planning, organizing, and administering all activities related to personnel.

The upward or downward mobility in an occupation or the change from one occupation to another.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals.

Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations.

Societies whose membership is limited to dentists.

Management of the organization of HEALTH FACILITIES.

Individuals who have the formal authority to manage a hospital, including its programs and services, in accordance with the goals and objectives established by a governing body (GOVERNING BOARD).

Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups.

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

Management of public health organizations or agencies.

Societies whose membership is limited to nurses.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school.

Laws and regulations pertaining to the field of dentistry, proposed for enactment or recently enacted by a legislative body.

Administrator-selected management groups who are responsible for making decisions pertaining to the provision of integrated direction for various institutional functions.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry.

Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures, within organizations and among different organizations and sectors to meet present and future needs.

Use for articles concerning dental education in general.

Managerial personnel responsible for implementing policy and directing the activities of health care facilities such as nursing homes.

Female dentists.

Strongly insistent, self-assured, and demanding behavior.

The field of nursing care concerned with the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health.

Male-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function.

The application of industrial management practice to systematically maintain and improve organization-wide performance. Effectiveness and success are determined and assessed by quantitative quality measures.

The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.

Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Theoretical models which propose methods of learning or teaching as a basis or adjunct to changes in attitude or behavior. These educational interventions are usually applied in the fields of health and patient education but are not restricted to patient care.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.

The obligations and accountability assumed in carrying out actions or ideas on behalf of others.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a dental school.

The process of bargaining in order to arrive at an agreement or compromise on a matter of importance to the parties involved. It also applies to the hearing and determination of a case by a third party chosen by the parties in controversy, as well as the interposing of a third party to reconcile the parties in controversy.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

The organization and operation of the business aspects of a dental practice.

Organizations composed of members with common interests and whose professions may be similar.

Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.

The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the dentist, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the dentist in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The expected function of a member of a particular profession.

The procedures through which a group approaches, attacks, and solves a common problem.

Organizations and individuals cooperating together toward a common goal at the local or grassroots level.

Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

Management of the internal organization of the hospital.

Administration and functional structures for the purpose of collectively systematizing activities for a particular goal.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Procedures, strategies, and theories of planning.

Female-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function.

Medical complexes consisting of medical school, hospitals, clinics, libraries, administrative facilities, etc.

Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy.

Smallest political subdivisions within a country at which general governmental functions are carried-out.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

A system of government in which there is free and equal participation by the people in the political decision-making process.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

The interactions between members of a community and representatives of the institutions within that community.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

The attainment or process of attaining a new level of performance or quality.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of nursing.

Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.

The ability to understand and manage emotions and to use emotional knowledge to enhance thought and deal effectively with tasks. Components of emotional intelligence include empathy, self-motivation, self-awareness, self-regulation, and social skill. Emotional intelligence is a measurement of one's ability to socialize or relate to others.

Societies whose membership is limited to pharmacists.

The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of health-related institutions and organizations.

Formal instruction, learning, or training in the preparation, dispensing, and proper utilization of drugs in the field of medicine.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an institutional setting. The concept includes prevention or reduction of adverse events or incidents involving employees, patients, or facilities. Examples include plans to reduce injuries from falls or plans for fire safety to promote a safe institutional environment.

Disciplines concerned with the study of human and animal behavior.

Women licensed to practice medicine.

Personal satisfaction relative to the work situation.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.

The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

International organizations which provide health-related or other cooperative services.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

The broad dissemination of new ideas, procedures, techniques, materials, and devices and the degree to which these are accepted and used.

Errors or mistakes committed by health professionals which result in harm to the patient. They include errors in diagnosis (DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS), errors in the administration of drugs and other medications (MEDICATION ERRORS), errors in the performance of surgical procedures, in the use of other types of therapy, in the use of equipment, and in the interpretation of laboratory findings. Medical errors are differentiated from MALPRACTICE in that the former are regarded as honest mistakes or accidents while the latter is the result of negligence, reprehensible ignorance, or criminal intent.

A way of providing health care that is guided by a thoughtful integration of the best available scientific knowledge with clinical expertise. This approach allows the practitioner to critically assess research data, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to correctly identify the clinical problem, apply the most high-quality intervention, and re-evaluate the outcome for future improvement.

A course or method of action selected to guide and determine present and future decisions.

Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)

Studies beyond the bachelor's degree at an institution having graduate programs for the purpose of preparing for entrance into a specific field, and obtaining a higher degree.

Societies whose membership is limited to physicians.

The study, based on direct observation, use of statistical records, interviews, or experimental methods, of actual practices or the actual impact of practices or policies.

Voluntary groups of people representing diverse interests in the community such as hospitals, businesses, physicians, and insurers, with the principal objective to improve health care cost effectiveness.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

On the job training programs for personnel carried out within an institution or agency. It includes orientation programs.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

Selection of a type of occupation or profession.

The expected function of a member of the medical profession.

The body of truths or facts accumulated in the course of time, the cumulated sum of information, its volume and nature, in any civilization, period, or country.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

The application of technology to the solution of medical problems.

An organizational enterprise between a public sector agency, federal, state or local, and a private sector entity. Skills and assets of each sector are shared to deliver a service or facility for the benefit or use of the general public.

A course or method of action selected, usually by an organization, institution, university, society, etc., from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions and positions on matters of public interest or social concern. It does not include internal policy relating to organization and administration within the corporate body, for which ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION is available.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of public health.

Formal education and training in preparation for the practice of a profession.

Management of the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. (From Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)

The end-result or objective, which may be specified or required in advance.

Individuals enrolled in a school of PUBLIC HEALTH or a formal educational program in public health.

Efforts to reduce risk, to address and reduce incidents and accidents that may negatively impact healthcare consumers.

Communication, in the sense of cross-fertilization of ideas, involving two or more academic disciplines (such as the disciplines that comprise the cross-disciplinary field of bioethics, including the health and biological sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences and law). Also includes problems in communication stemming from differences in patterns of language usage in different academic or medical disciplines.

The moral and ethical obligations or responsibilities of institutions.

Board members of an institution or organization who are entrusted with the administering of funds and the directing of policy.

Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Procedures outlined for the care of casualties and the maintenance of services in disasters.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Business management of medical, dental and veterinary practices that may include capital financing, utilization management, and arrangement of capitation agreements with other parties.

The internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external and internal demands. In group interactions, competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons). (from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

Design of patient care wherein institutional resources and personnel are organized around patients rather than around specialized departments. (From Hospitals 1993 Feb 5;67(3):14)

Persons trained in an accredited school or dental college and licensed by the state in which they reside to provide dental prophylaxis under the direction of a licensed dentist.

Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process.

An organized procedure carried out by a select committee of professionals in evaluating the performance of other professionals in meeting the standards of their specialty. Review by peers is used by editors in the evaluation of articles and other papers submitted for publication. Peer review is used also in the evaluation of grant applications. It is applied also in evaluating the quality of health care provided to patients.

Content, management, editing, policies, and printing of dental periodicals such as journals, newsletters, tabloids, and bulletins.

The collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such media as pamphlets, newsletters, newspapers, magazines, radio, motion pictures, television, and books. While originally applied to the reportage of current events in printed form, specifically newspapers, with the advent of radio and television the use of the term has broadened to include all printed and electronic communication dealing with current affairs.

Educational programs designed to ensure that students attain prespecified levels of competence in a given field or training activity. Emphasis is on achievement or specified objectives.