Individuals licensed to practice medicine.

Professional medical personnel approved to provide care to patients in a hospital.

The interactions between physician and patient.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

The physician's inability to practice medicine with reasonable skill and safety to the patient due to the physician's disability. Common causes include alcohol and drug abuse, mental illness, physical disability, and senility.

Great Britain is not a medical term, but a geographical name for the largest island in the British Isles, which comprises England, Scotland, and Wales, forming the major part of the United Kingdom.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.

The expected function of a member of the medical profession.

Those physicians who have completed the education requirements specified by the American Academy of Family Physicians.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'England' is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and contributions to medical science. However, in a medical context, it may refer to the location of a patient, healthcare provider, or research study, but it is not a term with a specific medical meaning.

The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.

Physicians who hold degrees from medical schools in countries other than the ones in which they practice.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

The art and science of studying, performing research on, preventing, diagnosing, and treating disease, as well as the maintenance of health.

An occupation limited in scope to a subsection of a broader field.

Interference with the FREEDOM or PERSONAL AUTONOMY of another person, with justifications referring to the promotion of the person's good or the prevention of harm to the person. (from Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 1995); more generally, not allowing a person to make decisions on his or her own behalf.

The use of one's knowledge in a particular profession. It includes, in the case of the field of biomedicine, professional activities related to health care and the actual performance of the duties related to the provision of health care.

Personal satisfaction relative to the work situation.

Educational programs for medical graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic medical sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced medical degree.

Selection of a type of occupation or profession.

Individuals referred to for expert or professional advice or services.

Educational programs designed to inform physicians of recent advances in their field.

Duties that are based in ETHICS, rather than in law.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals.

The act or practice of killing or allowing death from natural causes, for reasons of mercy, i.e., in order to release a person from incurable disease, intolerable suffering, or undignified death. (from Beauchamp and Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 5th ed)

The upward or downward mobility in an occupation or the change from one occupation to another.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The total amount of work to be performed by an individual, a department, or other group of workers in a period of time.

The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of nurses themselves, their patients, and their fellow practitioners, as well as their actions in the care of patients and in relations with their families.

Truthful revelation of information, specifically when the information disclosed is likely to be psychologically painful ("bad news") to the recipient (e.g., revelation to a patient or a patient's family of the patient's DIAGNOSIS or PROGNOSIS) or embarrassing to the teller (e.g., revelation of medical errors).

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Norway" is a country name and doesn't have a medical definition. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I'd be happy to help!

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "London" is a place name and not a medical term, so it doesn't have a medical definition. It's the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, known for its rich history, culture, and landmarks. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help answer those!

The identification, analysis, and resolution of moral problems that arise in the care of patients. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

Hospitals engaged in educational and research programs, as well as providing medical care to the patients.

Failing to prevent death from natural causes, for reasons of mercy by the withdrawal or withholding of life-prolonging treatment.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

The branch of medicine concerned with the evaluation and initial treatment of urgent and emergent medical problems, such as those caused by accidents, trauma, sudden illness, poisoning, or disasters. Emergency medical care can be provided at the hospital or at sites outside the medical facility.

Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

Confidence in or reliance on a person or thing.

Self-directing freedom and especially moral independence. An ethical principle holds that the autonomy of persons ought to be respected. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Scotland is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, located in the northern part of Great Britain. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!

A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel for evaluating quality of medical care.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Regulations or conditions imposed on employees by management in order to correct or prevent behaviors which are counterproductive to the organization.

The act or practice of killing for reasons of mercy, i.e., in order to release a person or animal from incurable disease, intolerable suffering, or undignified death. (from Beauchamp and Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 5th ed)

Promotion and protection of the rights of patients, frequently through a legal process.

Patient involvement in the decision-making process in matters pertaining to health.

## I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Estonia" is not a medical term; it is a country located in Northern Europe. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, feel free to ask!

Educational programs for pharmacists who have a bachelor's degree or a Doctor of Pharmacy degree entering a specific field of pharmacy. They may lead to an advanced degree.

Work-related situations in which the employees as a group refuse to work until certain conditions of employment are granted by the employer.

Institutional night care of patients.

Health care provided on a continuing basis from the initial contact, following the patient through all phases of medical care.

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

Fundamental claims of patients, as expressed in statutes, declarations, or generally accepted moral principles. (Bioethics Thesaurus) The term is used for discussions of patient rights as a group of many rights, as in a hospital's posting of a list of patient rights.

The science or philosophy of law. Also, the application of the principles of law and justice to health and medicine.

The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee.

#### I must clarify that 'Northern Ireland' is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a geographical and political term referring to a part of the United Kingdom located in the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland, consisting of six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster.

The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient.

The obligations and accountability assumed in carrying out actions or ideas on behalf of others.

Violation of laws, regulations, or professional standards.

Visits to the patient's home by professional personnel for the purpose of diagnosis and/or treatment.

Differences of opinion or disagreements that may arise, for example, between health professionals and patients or their families, or against a political regime.

The selection, appointing, and scheduling of personnel.

Physicians whose practice is not restricted to a specific field of MEDICINE.

Written or other literary works whose subject matter is medical or about the profession of medicine and related areas.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment.

A voluntary contract between two or more doctors who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses.

Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses.

Province of Canada consisting of the island of Newfoundland and an area of Labrador. Its capital is St. John's.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

Refusal of the health professional to initiate or continue treatment of a patient or group of patients. The refusal can be based on any reason. The concept is differentiated from PATIENT REFUSAL OF TREATMENT see TREATMENT REFUSAL which originates with the patient and not the health professional.

Failure of a professional person, a physician or lawyer, to render proper services through reprehensible ignorance or negligence or through criminal intent, especially when injury or loss follows. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The ability to understand the nature and effect of the act in which the individual is engaged. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 6th ed).

The state or quality of being kind, charitable, or beneficial. (from American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed). The ethical principle of BENEFICENCE requires producing net benefit over harm. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

Geographic area in which a professional person practices; includes primarily physicians and dentists.

The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.

A specialty in which manual or operative procedures are used in the treatment of disease, injuries, or deformities.

The intentional infliction of physical or mental suffering upon an individual or individuals, including the torture of animals.

The assessment of the functioning of an employee in relation to work.

Active euthanasia of a patient at the patient's request and/or with the patient's consent.

Patient-based medical care provided across age and gender or specialty boundaries.

The former British crown colony located off the southeast coast of China, comprised of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and New Territories. The three sites were ceded to the British by the Chinese respectively in 1841, 1860, and 1898. Hong Kong reverted to China in July 1997. The name represents the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese xianggang, fragrant port, from xiang, perfume and gang, port or harbor, with reference to its currents sweetened by fresh water from a river west of it.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It is manifested by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wales" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, located in Europe. If you have any questions about a specific medical topic, I would be happy to help answer those!

Revealing of information, by oral or written communication.

The freedom of patients to review their own medical, genetic, or other health-related records.

The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.

Professional medical personnel who provide care to patients in an organized facility, institution or agency.

Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy.

Fabric or other material used to cover the body.

The services rendered by members of the health profession and non-professionals under their supervision.

Medical philosophy is a branch of philosophy that deals with the concepts, values, and nature of medicine, including its ethical implications, epistemological foundations, and societal impact, aimed at informing and improving medical practice, research, and education.

Providers of initial care for patients. These PHYSICIANS refer patients when appropriate for secondary or specialist care.

A philosophically coherent set of propositions (for example, utilitarianism) which attempts to provide general norms for the guidance and evaluation of moral conduct. (from Beauchamp and Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 4th ed)

The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

Visits made by patients to health service providers' offices for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)

The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.

Formal instruction, learning, or training in the preparation, dispensing, and proper utilization of drugs in the field of medicine.

A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.

Programs of training in medicine and medical specialties offered by hospitals for graduates of medicine to meet the requirements established by accrediting authorities.

Any group of three or more full-time physicians organized in a legally recognized entity for the provision of health care services, sharing space, equipment, personnel and records for both patient care and business management, and who have a predetermined arrangement for the distribution of income.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.

Personnel who provide nursing service to patients in a hospital.

Therapeutic practices which are not currently considered an integral part of conventional allopathic medical practice. They may lack biomedical explanations but as they become better researched some (PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; DIET; ACUPUNCTURE) become widely accepted whereas others (humors, radium therapy) quietly fade away, yet are important historical footnotes. Therapies are termed as Complementary when used in addition to conventional treatments and as Alternative when used instead of conventional treatment.

The educational process of instructing.

The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.

An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, or a persistent mental and/or neural state of readiness to react to a certain class of objects, not as they are but as they are conceived to be.

Acquiring information from a patient on past medical conditions and treatments.

Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or desirable.

The right of the patient or the patient's representative to make decisions with regard to the patient's dying.

The quality or state of being independent and self-directing, especially in making decisions, enabling professionals to exercise judgment as they see fit during the performance of their jobs.

The expected and characteristic pattern of behavior exhibited by an individual as a member of a particular social group.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Standards of conduct that distinguish right from wrong.

The determination of the nature of a disease or condition, or the distinguishing of one disease or condition from another. Assessment may be made through physical examination, laboratory tests, or the likes. Computerized programs may be used to enhance the decision-making process.

Includes relationships between hospitals, their governing boards, and administrators in regard to physicians, whether or not the physicians are members of the medical staff or have medical staff privileges.

Systematic statements of principles or rules of appropriate professional conduct, usually established by professional societies.

The reciprocal interaction of physicians and nurses.

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.

The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.

Medical care provided after the regular practice schedule of the physicians. Usually it is designed to deliver 24-hour-a-day and 365-day-a-year patient care coverage for emergencies, triage, pediatric care, or hospice care.

The attitude and behavior associated with an individual using the computer.

Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of medicine, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.

A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.

Conceptual response of the person to the various aspects of death, which are based on individual psychosocial and cultural experience.

The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

Practice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice.

Patient or client refusal of or resistance to medical, psychological, or psychiatric treatment. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The study of religion and religious belief, or a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings (from online Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 2000 and WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, 1997)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Singapore" is not a medical term or concept, it's a country in Southeast Asia. If you have any questions about medical topics, I'd be happy to try and help!

The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.

A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Germany" is a country and not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition. It is located in Central Europe and is known for its advanced medical research and facilities.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Switzerland" is a country located in Europe and not a term used in medical definitions. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I'd be happy to help answer those!

The individuals employed by the hospital.

A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence.

The faculty of expressing the amusing, clever, or comical or the keen perception and cleverly apt expression of connections between ideas that awaken amusement and pleasure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A geographic location which has insufficient health resources (manpower and/or facilities) to meet the medical needs of the resident population.

Consultation via remote telecommunications, generally for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment of a patient at a site remote from the patient or primary physician.

Services providing pharmaceutic and therapeutic drug information and consultation.

A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.

Penetrating stab wounds caused by needles. They are of special concern to health care workers since such injuries put them at risk for developing infectious disease.

The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.

The interactions between the professional person and the family.

Health professionals who practice medicine as members of a team with their supervising physicians. They deliver a broad range of medical and surgical services to diverse populations in rural and urban settings. Duties may include physical exams, diagnosis and treatment of disease, interpretation of tests, assist in surgery, and prescribe medications. (from http://www.aapa.orglabout-pas accessed 2114/2011)

Medical specialty concerned with the promotion and maintenance of the physical and mental health of employees in occupational settings.

A medical specialty concerned with the skin, its structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

Human experimentation that is intended to benefit the subjects on whom it is performed.

Those persons legally qualified by education and training to engage in the practice of pharmacy.

Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.

Nurses who are specially trained to assume an expanded role in providing medical care under the supervision of a physician.

Organized services in a hospital which provide medical care on an outpatient basis.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.

The use of DRUGS to treat a DISEASE or its symptoms. One example is the use of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to treat CANCER.

Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful interpretation and transmission of ideas between individuals or groups.

The kind of action or activity proper to the judiciary, particularly its responsibility for decision making.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Famous Persons" is not a term that has a medical definition. It refers to individuals who are widely known and recognized in various fields such as entertainment, politics, sports, science, and arts. If you have any medical or health-related terms you would like me to define, please let me know!

An ethical system which emphasizes human values and the personal worth of each individual, as well as concern for the dignity and freedom of humankind.

The use of persons coached to feign symptoms or conditions of real diseases in a life-like manner in order to teach or evaluate medical personnel.

Large hospitals with a resident medical staff which provides continuous care to maternity, surgical and medical patients.

Societal or individual decisions about the equitable distribution of available resources.

Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

An international agreement of the World Medical Association which offers guidelines for conducting experiments using human subjects. It was adopted in 1962 and revised by the 18th World Medical Assembly at Helsinki, Finland in 1964. Subsequent revisions were made in 1975, 1983, 1989, and 1996. (From Encyclopedia of Bioethics, rev ed, 1995)

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.