For-profit enterprise with relatively few to moderate number of employees and low to moderate volume of sales.
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
The organization, management, and assumption of risks of a business or enterprise, usually implying an element of change or challenge and a new opportunity.
Use for articles on the investing of funds for income or profit.
The moral obligations governing the conduct of commercial or industrial enterprises.
The organization and operation of the business aspects of a dental practice.
Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.
Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.
The obtaining and management of funds for institutional needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
A shared service which combines the purchasing power of individual organizations or facilities in order to obtain lower prices for equipment and supplies. (From Health Care Terms, 2nd ed)
*My apologies, but "Restaurants" are not a medical term and do not have a medical definition.*
Procedures, strategies, and theories of planning.
The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.
The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.
Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.
Travel to another country for the purpose of medical treatment.
The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.
Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups.
The effort of two or more parties to secure the business of a third party by offering, usually under fair or equitable rules of business practice, the most favorable terms.
That portion of total HEALTH CARE COSTS borne by an individual's or group's employing organization.
The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.
Business management of medical, dental and veterinary practices that may include capital financing, utilization management, and arrangement of capitation agreements with other parties.
Activity involved in transfer of goods from producer to consumer or in the exchange of services.
Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.
Non-frontal low-pressure systems over tropical or sub-tropical waters with organized convection and definite pattern of surface wind circulation.
Organizations which are not operated for a profit and may be supported by endowments or private contributions.
Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available.
Significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real gross domestic product, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. (National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, www.nber.org/cycles.html, accessed 4/23/2009)
Planning, organizing, and administering all activities related to personnel.
Voluntary groups of people representing diverse interests in the community such as hospitals, businesses, physicians, and insurers, with the principal objective to improve health care cost effectiveness.
The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.
The obtaining and management of funds for hospital needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
An organizational enterprise between a public sector agency, federal, state or local, and a private sector entity. Skills and assets of each sector are shared to deliver a service or facility for the benefit or use of the general public.
Health insurance plans for employees, and generally including their dependents, usually on a cost-sharing basis with the employer paying a percentage of the premium.
The organization and operation of the business aspects of a physician's practice.
The aggregate business enterprise of agriculture, manufacture, and distribution related to tobacco and tobacco-derived products.
Hospital department which is responsible for the administration and provision of x-ray diagnostic and therapeutic services.
Garbage, refuse, or sludge, or other discarded materials from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, and air pollution control facility that include solid, semi-solid, or contained material. It does not include materials dissolved in domestic sewage, irrigation return flows, or industrial discharges.
That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.
Advanced technology that is costly, requires highly skilled personnel, and is unique in its particular application. Includes innovative, specialized medical/surgical procedures as well as advanced diagnostic and therapeutic equipment.
That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.
Organizations which assume the financial responsibility for the risks of policyholders.
The business and managerial aspects of pharmacy in its broadest sense.
The function of directing or controlling the actions or attitudes of an individual or group with more or less willing acquiescence of the followers.
Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.
Spread and adoption of inventions and techniques from one geographic area to another, from one discipline to another, or from one sector of the economy to another. For example, improvements in medical equipment may be transferred from industrial countries to developing countries, advances arising from aerospace engineering may be applied to equipment for persons with disabilities, and innovations in science arising from government research are made available to private enterprise.
The combining of administrative and organizational resources of two or more health care facilities.
Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year.
Institutional systems consisting of more than one health facility which have cooperative administrative arrangements through merger, affiliation, shared services, or other collective ventures.
Unlawful act of taking property.
The legal relation between an entity (individual, group, corporation, or-profit, secular, government) and an object. The object may be corporeal, such as equipment, or completely a creature of law, such as a patent; it may be movable, such as an animal, or immovable, such as a building.
Place or physical location of work or employment.
City in Orleans Parish (county), largest city in state of LOUISIANA. It is located between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.
The psychological relations between the dentist and patient.
The leveraging of collective wisdom within an organization as a catalyst to increase responsiveness and innovation.
The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.
A course or method of action selected, usually by an organization, institution, university, society, etc., from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions and positions on matters of public interest or social concern. It does not include internal policy relating to organization and administration within the corporate body, for which ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION is available.
The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the dentist, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the dentist in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Exercise of governmental authority to control conduct.
Organizations involved in all aspects of health planning activities.
The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.
An area of recreation or hygiene for use by the public.
Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Turkmenistan" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Turkmenistan is a country located in Central Asia, known for its rich natural resources and unique cultural heritage. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).
Description of pattern of recurrent functions or procedures frequently found in organizational processes, such as notification, decision, and action.
Organizational activities previously performed internally that are provided by external agents.
Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.
Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.
The obligations and accountability assumed in carrying out actions or ideas on behalf of others.
The broad dissemination of new ideas, procedures, techniques, materials, and devices and the degree to which these are accepted and used.
Introduction of changes which are new to the organization and are created by management.
Areawide planning for health care institutions on the basis of projected consumer need.
Management of the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. (From Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)
The principles of proper conduct concerning the rights and duties of the professional, relations with patients or consumers and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the professional and interpersonal relations with patient or consumer families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Tax-exempt trusts or custodial accounts established by individuals with financial institutions for saving money for future medical expenses.
The application of industrial management practice to systematically maintain and improve organization-wide performance. Effectiveness and success are determined and assessed by quantitative quality measures.
The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.
The science of utilization, distribution, and consumption of services and materials.
Exploitation through misrepresentation of the facts or concealment of the purposes of the exploiter.
The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of medical data through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine.
Accountability and responsibility to another, enforceable by civil or criminal sanctions.
Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of radiology services and facilities.
Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or facility for health services rendered to an insured or program beneficiary. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)
Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.
The complex of political institutions, laws, and customs through which the function of governing is carried out in a specific political unit.
A course or method of action selected to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Aspects of health and disease related to travel.
The circulation or wide dispersal of information.
The practice of nursing by a registered or licensed nurse to care for a specific patient in a health facility or in the home.
All organized methods of funding.
The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)
The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of health-related institutions and organizations.
A process whereby representatives of a particular interest group attempt to influence governmental decision makers to accept the policy desires of the lobbying organization.
Management of the internal organization of the hospital.
Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.
Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.
The enactment of laws and ordinances and their regulation by official organs of a nation, state, or other legislative organization. It refers also to health-related laws and regulations in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.
Reducing staff to cut costs or to achieve greater efficiency.
Hospital facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.
Procedures outlined for the care of casualties and the maintenance of services in disasters.
Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.
Disciplines concerned with the study of human and animal behavior.
Procedures for recognizing individual animals and certain identifiable characteristics pertaining to them; includes computerized methods, ear tags, etc.
Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent and Copyright Clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) of the United States Constitution provides for promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed, p1014)
Cultural contacts between people of different races.
The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation.
Systems designed to provide information primarily concerned with the administrative functions associated with the provision and utilization of services; also includes program planning, etc.
Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.
Systems composed of a computer or computers, peripheral equipment, such as disks, printers, and terminals, and telecommunications capabilities.
Administrative units of government responsible for policy making and management of governmental activities.
Financial support of research activities.
A mode of communication concerned with inducing or urging the adoption of certain beliefs, theories, or lines of action by others.
The ability to generate new ideas or images.
Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.
A situation in which an individual might benefit personally from official or professional actions. It includes a conflict between a person's private interests and official responsibilities in a position of trust. The term is not restricted to government officials. The concept refers both to actual conflict of interest and the appearance or perception of conflict.
A violation of the criminal law, i.e., a breach of the conduct code specifically sanctioned by the state, which through its administrative agencies prosecutes offenders and imposes and administers punishments. The concept includes unacceptable actions whether prosecuted or going unpunished.
State-provided health insurance marketplaces established under the PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.
The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.
The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an institutional setting. The concept includes prevention or reduction of adverse events or incidents involving employees, patients, or facilities. Examples include plans to reduce injuries from falls or plans for fire safety to promote a safe institutional environment.
Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values, which are subject to change, are reflected in the day to day management of the organization.
An organization of insurers or reinsurers through which particular types of risk are shared or pooled. The risk of high loss by a particular insurance company is transferred to the group as a whole (the insurance pool) with premiums, losses, and expenses shared in agreed amounts.
Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry.
The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.
Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and ultimately prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases. It was established in 1948.
The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
The legal authority or formal permission from authorities to carry on certain activities which by law or regulation require such permission. It may be applied to licensure of institutions as well as individuals.
Hospital department which administers and provides pathology services.
Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. Through basic and clinical biomedical research and training, it conducts and supports research with the objective of cancer prevention, early stage identification and elimination. This Institute was established in 1937.
Educational programs designed to inform dentists of recent advances in their fields.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Louisiana" is not a medical term that has a specific definition in the field of medicine. It is actually a state located in the southern United States, known for its diverse culture, food, music, and history. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health conditions, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)
Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process.
Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.
Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.
An Act prohibiting a health plan from establishing lifetime limits or annual limits on the dollar value of benefits for any participant or beneficiary after January 1, 2014. It permits a restricted annual limit for plan years beginning prior to January 1, 2014. It provides that a health plan shall not be prevented from placing annual or lifetime per-beneficiary limits on covered benefits. The Act sets up a competitive health insurance market.
Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.
Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information.
The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee.
The process of minimizing risk to an organization by developing systems to identify and analyze potential hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences, and by attempting to handle events and incidents which do occur in such a manner that their effect and cost are minimized. Effective risk management has its greatest benefits in application to insurance in order to avert or minimize financial liability. (From Slee & Slee: Health care terms, 2d ed)
Management of public health organizations or agencies.
The attitude of a significant portion of a population toward any given proposition, based upon a measurable amount of factual evidence, and involving some degree of reflection, analysis, and reasoning.
Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.
National Health Insurance in the United States refers to a proposed system of healthcare financing that would provide comprehensive coverage for all residents, funded through a combination of government funding and mandatory contributions, and administered by a public agency.
Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.
A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.
Planning and control of time to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.
Educational programs for pharmacists who have a bachelor's degree or a Doctor of Pharmacy degree entering a specific field of pharmacy. They may lead to an advanced degree.
A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
An office in the Department of Labor responsible for developing and establishing occupational safety and health standards.
The organization and administration of health services dedicated to the delivery of health care.
The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Certification as complying with a standard set by non-governmental organizations, applied for by institutions, programs, and facilities on a voluntary basis.
The planned upgrading of a deteriorating urban area, involving rebuilding, renovation, or restoration. It frequently refers to programs of major demolition and rebuilding of blighted areas.
The level of governmental organization and function at the national or country-wide level.
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
Method of measuring performance against established standards of best practice.
Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.
Programs and activities sponsored or administered by local, state, or national governments.
The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.
The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.
Persons who donate their services.
Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)
The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.
Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.
Use for general articles concerning medical education.
Collections of systematically acquired and organized information resources, and usually providing assistance to users. (ERIC Thesaurus, http://www.eric.ed.gov/ accessed 2/1/2008)
Health insurance plans intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including: economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensive management of high-cost health care cases. The programs may be provided in a variety of settings, such as HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS and PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS.
A course of study offered by an educational institution.
The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment.
The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.
Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.
Reductions in all or any portion of the costs of providing goods or services. Savings may be incurred by the provider or the consumer.
The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.
Individuals or groups with no or inadequate health insurance coverage. Those falling into this category usually comprise three primary groups: the medically indigent (MEDICAL INDIGENCY); those whose clinical condition makes them medically uninsurable; and the working uninsured.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Compensatory plans designed to motivate physicians in relation to patient referral, physician recruitment, and efficient use of the health facility.
The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Organizations and individuals cooperating together toward a common goal at the local or grassroots level.
Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.
Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.
Functions, equipment, and facilities concerned with the preparation and distribution of ready-to-eat food.
Use of an interactive computer system designed to assist the physician or other health professional in choosing between certain relationships or variables for the purpose of making a diagnostic or therapeutic decision.
Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.
Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.
The upward or downward mobility in an occupation or the change from one occupation to another.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "California" is a place, specifically a state on the western coast of the United States, and not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.
Publications printed and distributed daily, weekly, or at some other regular and usually short interval, containing news, articles of opinion (as editorials and letters), features, advertising, and announcements of current interest. (Webster's 3d ed)