Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years.

Longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in the United States during the 1994-95 school year. The Add Health cohort has been followed into young adulthood. (from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth accessed 08/2012)

Any observable response or action of an adolescent.

Field of psychology concerned with the normal and abnormal behavior of adolescents. It includes mental processes as well as observable responses.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

A branch of medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases occurring during the period of ADOLESCENCE.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.

The state wherein the person is well adjusted.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

Organized services to provide health care for children.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

The continuous sequential physiological and psychological changes during ADOLESCENCE, approximately between the age of 13 and 18.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.

Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank or social status.

The interactions between parent and child.

Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.

Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.

Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the aged and the maintenance of health in the elderly.

The organization and administration of health services dedicated to the delivery of health care.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Disorders related to substance abuse.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.

Educational institutions.

Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.

Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Persons whom one knows, likes, and trusts.

Pregnancy in human adolescent females under the age of 19.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.

Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.

Management of public health organizations or agencies.

Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Sexual activities of humans.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.

A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Health care provided to specific cultural or tribal peoples which incorporates local customs, beliefs, and taboos.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.

Community health and NURSING SERVICES providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's homes. These home-care services are provided by a visiting nurse, home health agencies, HOSPITALS, or organized community groups using professional staff for care delivery. It differs from HOME NURSING which is provided by non-professionals.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.

A person's view of himself.

Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.

A division of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that is responsible for the public health and the provision of medical services to NATIVE AMERICANS in the United States, primarily those residing on reservation lands.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.

Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

The status of health in rural populations.

Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.

The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.

Size and composition of the family.

Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.

Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.

The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. Sexuality, male or female, becomes evident at PUBERTY under the influence of gonadal steroids (TESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL), and social effects.

Individuals subjected to and adversely affected by criminal activity. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.

Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.

Services designed to promote, maintain, or restore dental health.

A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence.

A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

The status of health in urban populations.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution.

A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or neighborhood.

Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement.

The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.

Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.

Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)

A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Health care provided to individuals.

The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in individuals 13-18 years.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.

Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.

The unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself.

The sexual union of a male and a female, a term used for human only.

Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.

The physical condition of human reproductive systems.

Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution.

Activities designed to attract the attention or favors of another.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.

Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.

That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.

The measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality, and available health resources.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

An infant during the first month after birth.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Nutritional physiology of children aged 13-18 years.

Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to mothers and children.

Individuals' concept of their own bodies.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke from CANNABIS.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.

Organized services for the purpose of providing diagnosis to promote and maintain health.

The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies.

All organized methods of funding.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.

Process of shifting publicly controlled services and/or facilities to the private sector.

Organized systems for providing comprehensive prepaid health care that have five basic attributes: (1) provide care in a defined geographic area; (2) provide or ensure delivery of an agreed-upon set of basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services; (3) provide care to a voluntarily enrolled group of persons; (4) require their enrollees to use the services of designated providers; and (5) receive reimbursement through a predetermined, fixed, periodic prepayment made by the enrollee without regard to the degree of services provided. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

State plans prepared by the State Health Planning and Development Agencies which are made up from plans submitted by the Health Systems Agencies and subject to review and revision by the Statewide Health Coordinating Council.

The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.

Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.

Persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (American College Dictionary, 3d ed)

The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.

An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, professional services furnished, and to evaluate the medical necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.

A general concept referring to the organization and administration of nursing activities.

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation.

The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency.