Changes in metallothionein level in rat hepatic tissue after administration of natural mouldy wheat. (57/185)

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Biosynthesis of resorcylic acid lactone lasiodiplodin in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. (58/185)

The biosynthesis of lasiodiplodin (1) and its (5S)-5-hydroxylated derivative (2) were investigated by the administration of (13)C-labeled acetates to Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The labeling patterns of biosynthetically (13)C-labeled 1 and 2 were determined by (13)C-NMR and INADEQUATE spectra, demonstrating the octaketide origins of 1 and 2. Taking into account the biosynthetic study of resorcylic acid lactones, the involvement of highly reduced acyl intermediates in the biosynthesis of lasiodiplodins was presumed; thus, we synthesized (2)H-labeled hypothetical acyl intermediates of 1, 9-hydroxydecanoic acid (4) and its N-acetylcysteamine thioester (SNAC, 5). When L. theobromae was incubated with 5 mM of a (2)H-labeled intermediate, the (2)H-label from the intermediate was incorporated at the expected position of 1. These incorporation studies revealed that 1 was produced via a pathway which closely resembles that of resorcylic acid lactone biosynthesis.  (+info)

Zearalenone contamination and the causative fungi in sorghum. (59/185)

Natural contamination by zearalenone, a toxic metabolite of Fusarium fungi, was surveyed in 160 samples of sorghum imported from 2001 to 2006 into Japan for feed. Of these 160 samples, 84 (52.5%) were contaminated with zearalenone, ranging in concentration from 60 to 7.260 microg/kg. In the contaminated sorghum samples, F. semitectum, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, and other Fusarium spp. were detected. The concentration of zearalenone was well correlated with the development of colonies of F. semitectum and other Fusarium spp. When the isolates of F. semitectum and F. verticillioides were cultivated on sorghum, zearalenone was found only in F. semitectum culture. These results indicate that F. semitectum is a causal fungus of zearalenone contamination in sorghum.  (+info)

In vitro cytochrome p450 formation of a mono-hydroxylated metabolite of zearalenone exhibiting estrogenic activities: possible occurrence of this metabolite in vivo. (60/185)

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Fusarial toxin-induced toxicity in cultured cells and in isolated mitochondria involves PTPC-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. (61/185)

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Expression profiling of the genes responding to zearalenone and its analogues using estrogen-responsive genes. (62/185)

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Influence of the zearalenone on the activity of chosen liver enzymes in a rat. (63/185)

Zearalenone is a mycotoxin compound produced mainly by Fusarium species of fungi which is present in cereals cultivated all over the world. The aim of the research was to examine the toxic influence of different doses of zearalenone on liver cells through estimating mycotoxin influence on markers evaluation of biochemical liver damage. The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 9 groups of 10 animals each. Group A was orally given 8% ethyl alcohol. Group B, C, D, E was orally given once a day for 10 days a zearalenone alcohol solution properly in dose of 50, 100, 200, 500 microg/kg b.w. Single doses of zearalenone was given to the animals from groups X, Y, Z and W. Control group W - 8% ethyl alcohol, group X dose 1 mg/kg b.w., group Y dose 2 mg/kg b.w., group Z dose 3 mg/kg b.w. For the research, blood was taken from hearts. The blood was centrifuged and the plasma analyzed using spectrophotometric methods: aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and complete bilirubin. The results of the experiment show that liver cells are exposed to zearalenone activity increased liver aminotransferases (ALT and AST) in blood plasma. Rise of liver aminotransferase level (ALT and AST) in animal's blood plasma after giving zearalenone may confirm the hepatotoxic influence of this mycotoxin. Short-lasting zearalenone influence does not cause changes in the liver aminotransferases.  (+info)

Intimate bacterial-fungal interaction triggers biosynthesis of archetypal polyketides in Aspergillus nidulans. (64/185)

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