Risk factors for oesophageal squamous dysplasia in adult inhabitants of a high risk region of China.
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BACKGROUND: Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide and has a very high mortality rate. Squamous dysplasia is the precursor lesion for OSCC and it can be seen during routine endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining. We aimed to examine the risk factors for squamous dysplasia and determine if a risk model could be constructed which would be useful in selecting apparently healthy subjects for endoscopic screening in a high risk population in Linzhou, People's Republic of China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, 724 adult volunteers aged 40-65 years were enrolled. All subjects completed a questionnaire regarding potential environmental exposures, received physical and dental examinations, and underwent upper endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining and biopsy. Subjects were categorised as having or not having histologically proven squamous dysplasia/early cancer. Risk factors for dysplasia were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The utility of the final multivariate model as a screening tool was assessed using a receiver operating characteristics curve. RESULTS: We found that 230 of 720 subjects (32%) with complete data had prevalent squamous dysplasia. In the final multivariate model, more household members (odds ratio (OR) 1.12/member (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99, 1.25)), a family history of cancer (OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.13-2.18)), higher systolic blood pressure OR 1.11/10 mm Hg (95% CI 1.03-1.19)), heating the home without a chimney (OR 2.22 (95% CI 1.27-3.86)), and having lost more but not all of your teeth (OR 1.91 for 12-31 teeth lost (95% CI 1.17-3.15)) were associated with higher odds of having dysplasia. Higher household income (OR 0.96/100 RMB (95% CI 0.91-1.00)) was associated with a lower odds of having dysplasia. Although we found several statistically significant associations, the final model had little ability to accurately predict dysplasia status, with maximum simultaneous sensitivity and specificity values of 57% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found that risk factors for dysplasia were similar to those previously identified as risk factors for OSCC in this population. The final model did a poor job of identifying subjects who had squamous dysplasia. Other methods will need to be developed to triage individuals to endoscopy in this high risk population. (+info)
Correlation study on oral health and electrocardiogram abnormalities.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between periodontal conditions and electrocardiogram test results that were obtained to screen for coronary heart disease risk factors. The present study included a total of 578 subjects who underwent annual medical check-ups at the Total Health Care Center in Otsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. To calculate the odds ratios for the electromyography abnormalities, we performed a logistic regression analysis for the oral examination, electrocardiogram, and blood analysis data. The crude odds ratio was obtained by a logistic regression analysis of age, sex, number of missing teeth, number of filled teeth, simplified oral hygiene index, community periodontal index, and blood analysis factors and results indicated there was a statistically significant correlation with the prevalence of electrocardiogram abnormalities. However, electrocardiogram abnormalities have a strong correlation with demographic factors such as sex and age. Therefore the experimental factors representing oral status were reexamined after the odds ratios were adjusted for age and sex. As a result of this adjustment, the new odds ratios that were determined indicated that there were no correlations between the oral factors and the prevalence of electrocardiogram abnormalities. (+info)
Morphometric evaluation of the human tractus solitarius.
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We measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the human tractus solitarius (HTS) with the help of an image-analyzer system on a cross section of the upper part of the medulla oblongata in 44 Japanese cadavers (22 males and 22 females) and examined the relationship between age, sex and whether the subjects were dentulous or edentulous. The results showed no significant differences between the left and right sides of the HTS in either male or female subjects. However, the size of HTS decreased slightly with age in males but not at all in females, whereas tooth loss had a definite incidence on the size of HTS in females but not in male, as the CSA was smaller in edentulous females but not in edentulous males. This would tend to indicate that a decreases in taste function is connected with the aging process in male, and with tooth loss in females. (+info)
Radiographic evaluation of destructive periodontal disease in blue mink in relation to age and blood morphology.
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In this study, blood samples and jaws were collected from 2 genotypes of blue mink (n = 289) in order to examine phenotypic expression of specific characteristics of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (C-HS). Blood samples were subjected to differential counts to assess the proportion of abnormal polymorphonuclear leukocytes characteristic for CH-S (C-HS-leukocytes). Abnormal leukocytes with characteristic signs of C-HS were found in blood smears from all mink included in this study. Four teeth in one half of the mandible (P3, P4, M1, M2) were subjected to quantitative radiographic evaluation of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. There was a high prevalence of destructive periodontal disease among blue mink included in this study. Mild to moderate periodontal disease (defined by less than 50% alveolar bone loss related to 1 or more teeth) affected 73.7% of young mink (age = 7 mo) and 67.9% of older animals (age > or = 19 mo). Severe periodontal disease (defined by more than 50% bone loss related to one or more teeth) was not detected in mink aged 7 mo, but affected 15.3% of mink aged 19 mo and 39.6% of mink aged 31 mo. The positive relationship between age and periodontal disease was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of tooth loss was found to be high among blue mink aged > 19 mo (21.6%) and was also significantly related to age (P < 0.01). A significant positive interaction between alveolar bone loss and tooth loss (P < 0.01), implies that the highly prevalent tooth loss in the mink was related to and possibly caused by destructive periodontal disease. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of periodontal disease between the 2 genotypes and age was found to be the only statistical predictor of poor production results (P < 0.01) in blue mink. (+info)
Dental death rate prevalence in smokers and non smokers adults with periodontal disease.
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The current study target was to evaluate the dental loss pattern in an adult population with periodontal disease who was treated at the Periodontal Chair, Dentistry Faculty, National University of Rosario, Argentina. The sample was of 203 patients, 130 women and 73 men; 75 of them were blond cigarette smokers and 128 of them were not in that habit. Inclusion criteria as follows: good systemic condition given by the absence of illnesses that may be risky for the development of a periodontal disease, and the presence of at least one teeth with insertion loss of 2 mm. minimum in its proximal faces. The age average of the group was 37,83 years (IC 95% 34,46-41,19) for smokers, and 40,98 (IC 95% 38,27- 43,69) years for non smokers. Regarding females, 85 of them were non smokers and 45 had that habit; concerning men 43 were non smokers and 30 were indeed. The independence test made under smoking and sex variables showed no significant relation between them. Regarding smoker group the smoked cigarette average per day (daily doses) was 13,27 cigarettes (IC 95% 10,96-15,57) and the time since habit started in measure of months was 193,57 (IC 95% 160,43-226,81). The death rate for tooth loss in each group was 4,71 teeth (CI 95 % 3,43-5,98) for smokers and 5,05 teeth (CI 95% 4,07-6,03) for non-smokers. Setting the probability of error of type I equal to 0.05, this study demonstrated that in this group of patients with periodontal disease, the tooth loss in smoker individuals was similar to the tooth loss in non-smoker individuals. (+info)
Perceptions of Chandigarh sports coaches regarding oro-facial injuries and their prevention.
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Enthusiastic participation by the younger generation in sports exposes them to a high risk of injuries. In the present study, the perceptions of sports coaches regarding their knowledge and experience of such injuries is evaluated. The coaches considered helmet as the most common protective device followed by mouth guard and facemask. About 58% observed that boxing was associated with oro-facial injuries and protective devices were deemed mandatory by 68% in this event. About 45% saw over five injuries in the last year, mostly soft tissue facial injuries (47%) and tooth loss (33%). Most injuries were in hockey and 32% were due to hits by ball, stick or related hard objects. About 82% were related to nonuse of protective devices. The majority of coaches considered that oro-facial devices be made more popular among sportspersons for their safety while 28% felt they reduced efficiency. The author concludes that there is a need to popularize the use of oro-facial protective devices in a variety of sports events in our country by interacting with coaches, sports administrators and sportspersons as well as familiarizing the Indian dentists in this relatively new field. (+info)
Patterns of tooth loss in young adult Hong Kong Chinese patients in 1983 and 1998.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare patterns of tooth loss in 2 groups of 21- to 25-year-old Hong Kong Chinese patients examined 15 years apart. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The panoramic radiographs of consecutive young adult patients who attended the primary care department of the Dental School of the University of Hong Kong in 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. RESULTS: The proportions of patients with full dentition were 36.0% in 1983 and 45.1% in 1998. However, when third molars were excluded, the proportions were 44.3% and 62.3%, respectively. The prevalence of missing first molars was 10.5% and 3.2% for the 1983 and 1998 groups, respectively, whereas that for missing third molars was 13.5% and 17.9% and that for missing premolars was 1.9% and 2.4%, respectively; all of the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Although the first molars, especially the lower first molars, were at greatest risk of being lost in both groups, the prevalence of missing first molars fell substantially (10.5% in 1983, 3.2% in 1998); in contrast, the prevalence of missing premolars and third molars increased. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in the prevalence of missing first molars may in part reflect the efficacy of toothbrushing, whereas the increase in missing premolars and third molars reflects increases in orthodontic and oral surgical activity in the intervening period. (+info)
Temporomandibular disorders among schizophrenic patients. A case-control study.
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The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (tmd) in schizophrenic patients compared with control patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 50 schizophrenic patients attended in the Psychiatric Unit at the Virgen Macarena Universitary Hospital of Seville were compared with 50 control patients (without systemic diseases, and drugs) attended in the School of Dentistry of Seville. TMD were assessed according to the WHO criteria. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 32% of schizophrenic patients showed symptoms of TMD, clicking (24%) and self-correcting blocking (8%); compared with 8% (sounds) of control patients. Significantly, these differences support that TMD are most prevalent in patients with mental disorders. Prevalence of TMD are not related with age of patients.TMD are more frequent among male patients in both groups. There are not relationship between TMD and prosthodontic status. Clinical findings of this study showed a significantly tendency between TMD with a highest number of missing teeth in control patients. CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenic patients constitute a high risk population for TMD because showed a more prevalence and severity of TMD . (+info)