The usefulness of toluidine staining as a diagnostic tool for precancerous and cancerous oropharyngeal and oral cavity lesions.
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Toluidine blue stain is used as a marker to differentiate lesions at high risk of progression in order to improve early diagnosis of oropharyngeal carcinomas. This study focused on 45 oral mucosal lesions in 32 patients (13 female, 19 male). In 9 cases, multiple biopsies were collected. Of the 45 lesions examined, 26 (57.0%) were defined clinically benign, while 19 (42.3%) were defined as suspected lesions (premalignant or malignant). According to the clinical examination, the sensitivity was 53% (16/30) and for toluidine blue staining 96.2% (26/27) (p = 0.0007). The specificity was 80% (12/15) for clinical examination and 77.7% (14/15) for toluidine blue staining (p = 0.79). In conclusion toluidine blue stain has been shown to be a reliable aid when clinical examination is unable to differentiate lesions at high risk of progression and then it improves early diagnosis for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. (+info)
Multiexponential T2, magnetization transfer, and quantitative histology in white matter tracts of rat spinal cord.
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Mammosphere-forming cells from breast cancer cell lines as a tool for the identification of CSC-like- and early progenitor-targeting drugs.
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Here we show that a subpopulation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells which stains pale to Toluidine Blue (Light Cells- LCs), is endowed with features of CSCs. LCs give rise to self-renewing mammospheres and express typical CSC markers; moreover this subpopulation is chemoresistant and highly tumorigenic in vivo. LCs can be identified in several other breast cancer cell lines, irrespectively of their histological origin (luminal vs. mesenchymal vs. basal) and represent an heterogeneous cell population composed mainly of CSC-like and early progenitor cells. By a limited in vitro drug screening assay, we identify compounds which can specifically interfere with the viability of LCs from multiple breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of the Sphere-Forming Efficiency (SFE) and of the distribution of ALDH(bright) cells within the treated cell lines suggest that one of the identified compounds acts in vitro by modulating the CSC phenotype. Interestingly, a subset of the identified compounds is known to affect directly or indirectly the NFkappaB pathway which is emerging as an important modulator of CSC proliferation and chemoresistance. (+info)
Photodynamic inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii using phenothiazinium dyes: in vitro and in vivo studies.
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