INTRODUCTION: To date, myringoplasty conducted under the operating microscope has been found to have its limitations. With the introduction of the endoscope into other branches of surgery, there have been attempts at its utilisation in otology. METHODS: Endoscope-assisted myringoplasty was carried out in 50 patients aged 18-45 years using the temporalis fascia graft. The middle ear was examined through perforation in order to exclude cholesteatoma. RESULTS: The overall success rate of the graft uptake and improvement in conductive deafness as air-bone gap closure was achieved in 80 percent of cases. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic myringoplasty was found to be equally effective, less morbid and very cost-effective in small central perforations. However, it is not applicable in all cases, especially in those with large perforations. (+info)
Lamination of the masticatory muscles in the Phascolarctos cinereus (Koala) according to their innervations.
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The masticatory muscles are usually classified into four groups: masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid. The communicating muscle bundle between the temporalis and masseter called the zygomaticomandibular muscle exists. The laminations within these muscles are commonly separated by aponeuroses. Nerves control the action of muscles, so improved understanding about innervation patterns in the masticatory muscles is important in the consideration of muscle function. In this study, we focus on the relationships between the nerves supply and the lamination of masticatory muscles in Phascolarctos cinereus (Koala). The masseter muscle consists of superficial and deep muscle layers. The superficial muscle layer of the masseter muscle is divided into rostro-lateral and caudo-internal nerve layers. The deep muscle layer of the masseter muscle is divided into rostral, rostro-lateral, medial and caudo-internal nerve layers. The nerves that innervate the zygomaticomandibular muscle are distributed to the lateral area of the coronoid process. The temporalis muscle was divided into internal layer of the coronoid process, a lateral layer of the coronoid process and a posterior layer by the nerve distribution pattern. The medial pterygoid muscle divided into rostro-internal, medial and caudo-lateral nerve layers. (+info)
Use of masseteric and deep temporal nerve blocks for reduction of mandibular dislocation.
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