Use of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to study the distribution of 90Y in patients with Baker's cysts and persistent synovitis of the knee.
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The presence of a Baker's cyst may diminish the therapeutic effect of intra-articular 90Y treatment to the knee joint. SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) was used in 10 patients with Baker's cysts, treated with intra-articular 90Y for persistent synovitis of the knee, to measure the amount of radioisotope within the cyst. Comparison was made with the arthrographic appearances. The likelihood or extent of uptake into Baker's cysts of 90Y injected into the synovial cavity of the knee was not predictable from arthrograms. Deposition of 90Y in cysts was variable, ranging from little or no measurable uptake to a substantial proportion of the administered activity (40% in one case out of 10). It did not appear to relate to clinical response. The low mean uptake (6.3%) in cysts of nine out of 10 patients was probably insignificant in view of the large uncertainty in the prediction of synovial radiation dose. (+info)
Ruptured pyogenic Baker's cyst.
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The authors present the case of a patient who developed a ruptured Baker's cyst. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. (+info)
Foucher's sign of the Baker's cyst.
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We investigated the mechanism of Foucher's sign, the change in pressure in the Baker's cyst with extension and flexion of the knee, by echography, arthrography, and computed tomography. With extension the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus muscles approximate each other and the joint capsule compressing the cyst against the deep fascia. Opposite effects in flexion allow the cyst to relax. (+info)
The swollen leg: ultrasonographic demonstration of non-thrombotic causes.
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Grey-scale ultrasound is a useful investigation in selected patients with a painful swollen leg. It is of particular value in cases in which there is a clinical suspicion of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) but other features, such as an atypical history or equivocal radiology, suggest alternative pathology. Five such cases are presented in which ultrasound showed transonic lesions. The cause of the swelling of the leg was thus shown to be "cystic' in nature and therefore not due to DVT. This enabled inappropriate and potentially harmful therapy to be avoided and the correct therapy, such as surgical drainage, to be undertaken. (+info)
A case is presented of an intraspinal extradural ganglion cyst at the L4-5 level. The clinical picture suggested a herniated nucleus pulposus at this level. A myelogram revealed a round lesion almost completely obstructing the flow of Pantopaque at the L4-5 level. A ganglion cyst with a haemorrhage into it and the surrounding tissue was removed, and surgery was followed by complete recovery. (+info)
Synovial cysts in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
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In a case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with large synovial cysts, cyst fluid aspiration was performed to relieve pain, but recurrence was prevented with salicylate therapy alone. The mechanism of formation of synovial cysts is discussed. (+info)
The surface ultrastructure of ganglia.
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The surface ultrastructure of ganglia has been studied using the scanning electron microscope. This study showed that the ganglion wall consists of multidirectional strata of collagen fibres and has no cellular lining. The wall has a sponge-like appearance and does not appear degenerate or necrotic. Comparison with synovial membrane and adventitious bursa confirmed that these are distinct structures which have a cellular lining. Ganglia probably arise from the multifunctional mesenchymal cells which are found within their walls. The ganglion fluid may also originate from these cells. (+info)
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomographic imaging for popliteal cysts in rheumatoid arthritis.
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The ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomographic imaging to show a change in proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 value) in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after treatment with intra-articular steroid has been assessed. Six patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and clinical evidence of a popliteal cyst were examined by both NMR tomography and arthrography. In all cases the presence of active rheumatoid arthritis was shown by an increase in the T1 values of the synovium of the joints. After arthrography a consistent but small rise in T1 value was noted which fell to below the initial reading after treatment by intra-articular injection of an anti-inflammatory agent. In all cases the presence of the popliteal cyst was clearly shown by both NMR tomography and arthrography. The findings indicate that NMR tomography provides a sensitive method for the demonstration of inflammatory joint disease, popliteal cysts, and possibly for monitoring response to therapy. (+info)