Modesty, sexuality, and breast health in Chinese-American women.
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Although breast cancer rates among Chinese women are lower than among white women, breast cancers and other breast diseases often go undetected and untreated in Chinese women. Cultural values with respect to modesty and sexuality, especially in unmarried women, partly account for a Chinese lack of attention to breast health. In addition, institutional barriers, such as an unavailability of information in Chinese languages, few female physicians, and an absence of educational campaigns, contribute to Chinese women's neglect of breast health. (+info)
Behavioural biology: fortune favours bold and shy personalities.
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A new study has shown that in the great tit (Parus major) bold males and shy females apparently flourish after rich winter pickings, while shy males and bold females profit from meagre winters. This groundbreaking work exemplifies the approach required for a biological understanding of an apparently common animal trait - personality. (+info)
The longitudinal relations of regulation and emotionality to quality of Indonesian children's socioemotional functioning.
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Data regarding individual differences in children's regulation, emotionality, quality of socioemotional functioning, and shyness were obtained from teachers and peers for 112 Indonesian 6th graders. Similar data (plus parents' reports) also were collected when these children were in 3rd grade. For boys, regulation and low negative emotionality generally predicted positive socioemotional functioning (e.g., social skills, adjustment, prosocial tendencies and peer liking, sympathy) within and across time and across reporters, even at the follow-up when initial levels of regulation or negative emotionality were controlled. For girls, relations were obtained primarily for concurrent teacher reports, probably because girls tended to be fairly well regulated and socially competent and variability in their scores was relatively low. Shyness for both sexes tended to be associated with concurrent measures of low regulation, high negative emotionality, and low quality of social competence. (+info)
Night and day: are siblings as different in temperament as parents say they are?
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Twin studies suggest that parent ratings of temperament exaggerate differences between twins. The present study examined whether such contrast effects also operate for nontwin siblings. The activity level (AL) and shyness of 95 nontwin sibling pairs (ages 3 to 8 years) were assessed via parent ratings and objective measures (actigraph and observer ratings). Siblings showed no resemblance in either parent-rated AL or shyness; however, sibling resemblance for actigraph AL and observer-rated shyness was substantial. Thus, parents do contrast their nontwin siblings when rating these 2 temperament dimensions. Moreover, the importance of sibling differences in temperament to the sibling relationship and differential maternal treatment varied across the different measures of AL and shyness, suggesting that parent perceptions may play a role in these associations. (+info)
Social anxiety disorder--beyond shyness.
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OBJECTIVES: This article presents prevalence estimates of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) among the Canadian household population aged 15 or older. The relationship between this mental disorder and others is examined. Selected aspects of functional impairment are compared for people with current, past, and no history of the condition. DATA SOURCE: Data are from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-being. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Cross-tabulations were used to estimate the prevalence of social anxiety disorder, to determine socio-economic factors associated with prevalence, and to examine relationships with other mental disorders. Associations between social anxiety disorder and selected impairment variables were examined using multivariate analysis that controlled for socio-economic factors and other aspects of mental and physical health. MAIN RESULTS: In 2002, 750,000 Canadians aged 15 or older (3%) had social anxiety disorder. These people had a higher risk of having major depressive disorder, panic disorder and substance dependency than the general population. Social anxiety disorder was associated with higher rates of disability, negative perceptions of physical and mental health, and dissatisfaction with life. (+info)
The best friendships of shy/withdrawn children: prevalence, stability, and relationship quality.
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The mutual best friendships of shy/withdrawn and control children were examined for prevalence, stability, best friend's characteristics, and friendship quality. Using peer nominations of shy/socially withdrawn and aggressive behaviors, two groups of children were identified from a normative sample of fifth-grade children: shy/withdrawn (n = 169) and control (nonaggressive/nonwithdrawn; n = 163). Friendship nominations, teacher reports, and friendship quality data were gathered. Results revealed that shy/withdrawn children were as likely as control children to have mutual stable best friendships. Withdrawn children's friends were more withdrawn and victimized than were the control children's best friends; further, similarities in social withdrawal and peer victimization were revealed for withdrawn children and their friends. Withdrawn children and their friends reported lower friendship quality than did control children. Results highlight the importance of both quantitative and qualitative measures of friendship when considering relationships as risk and/or protective factors. (+info)
Social information processing and coping strategies of shy/withdrawn and aggressive children: does friendship matter?
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The primary objectives of this investigation were to examine the attributions, emotional reactions, and coping strategies of shy/withdrawn and aggressive girls and boys and to examine whether such social cognitions differ within the relationship context of friendship. Drawn from a sample of fifth and sixth graders (M age = 10.79 years; SD = .77), 78 shy/withdrawn, 76 aggressive, and 85 control children were presented with hypothetical social situations that first involved unfamiliar peers, and then a mutual good friend. Results revealed group and gender differences and similarities, depending on the relationship context. From our findings emerges a central message: friends' involvement during interpersonal challenges or stressors mitigates children's attributions, emotions, and coping responses. (+info)
Sensory-processing sensitivity in social anxiety disorder: relationship to harm avoidance and diagnostic subtypes.
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Sensory-processing sensitivity is assumed to be a heritable vulnerability factor for shyness. The present study is the first to examine sensory-processing sensitivity among individuals with social anxiety disorder. The results showed that the construct is separate from social anxiety, but it is highly correlated with harm avoidance and agoraphobic avoidance. Individuals with a generalized subtype of social anxiety disorder reported higher levels of sensory-processing sensitivity than individuals with a non-generalized subtype. These preliminary findings suggest that sensory-processing sensitivity is uniquely associated with the generalized subtype of social anxiety disorder. Recommendations for future research are discussed. (+info)