Anti-clastogenic potential of carnosic acid against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced clastogenesis.
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Carnosic acid, a primary phenolic compound found in the leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), has diverse pharmacological and biological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-clastogenic effect of carnosic acid in DMBA-induced clastogenesis. The frequency of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs), chromosomal aberrations (cytogenetic end points), the status of Phase I and II detoxification enzymes, lipid peroxidation by-products and antioxidants (biochemical endpoints) were analyzed to assess the anti-clastogenic effect of carnosic acid in DMBA-induced clastogenesis. Oral pretreatment of carnosic acid for five days to DMBA-treated hamsters significantly protected DMBA-induced clastogenesis as well as biochemical abnormalities. Although the exact mechanism of anti-clastogenic effects of carnosic acid is unclear, the antioxidant potential and effect on modulation of Phase I and II detoxification enzymes could play a possible role. (+info)
New microsatellite markers for Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) and cross-amplification in closely related species.
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Suitability of TBA method for the evaluation of the oxidative effect of non-water-soluble and water-soluble rosemary extracts.
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The antioxidative effects of rosemary and grape-seed extracts spiked in human plasma were examined using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The TBA values of plasma spiked with reagents to generate reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), hydroxyl radicals ((.)OH), peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), and superoxide anions (O(2)(.-)), were measured by a flow injection analysis method with fluorescence (FL) detection. TBA values obtained by the addition of 50 mg/mL of rosemary extracts for (1)O(2), (.)OH, ONOO(-), and O(2)(.-) increased to 964 +/- 65%, 1063 +/- 61%, 758 +/- 78%, and 698 +/- 41%, respectively (n = 3, P < 0.01), whereas the values with 1 mg/mL of grape-seed extracts or tocopherol decreased (40.2 - 66.3%). Furthermore, the antioxidative effects of rosemary extract in rat plasma, spiked with reagents to generate (.)OH, were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography with FL detection. No peak, other than TBA-malondialdehyde, could be detected using wavelengths of 532 (lambda(ex)) and 553 nm (lambda(em)). (+info)
Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: in vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance.
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Antiangiogenic effect of carnosic acid and carnosol, neuroprotective compounds in rosemary leaves.
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Carnosic acid, a diterpene in rosemary, is considered to be beneficial in the prevention of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it has been found that drugs with antiangiogenic activity lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus it is of interest whether carnosic acid has antiangiogenic activity. In this study, carnosic acid suppressed microvessel outgrowth on ex vivo angiogenesis assay using a rat aortic ring at higher than 10 microM. The antiangiogenic effect of carnosic acid was found in angiogenesis models using human umbilical vein endothelial cells with regard to tube formation on reconstituted basement membrane, chemotaxis and proliferation. Although the carnosol in rosemary also suppressed angiogenesis, its effect was not more potent than that of carnosic acid in the ex vivo model. These results suggest that carnosic acid and rosemary extract can be useful in the prevention of disorders due to angiogenesis, and that their antiangiogenic effect can contribute to a neuroprotective effect. (+info)
An intrinsically labile alpha-helix abutting the BCL9-binding site of beta-catenin is required for its inhibition by carnosic acid.
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