Detection of bacteriuria and pyuria within two minutes.
(33/55)
A study was performed to evaluate two rapid urine screening methods, Bac-T-Screen (Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.) and Chemstrip LN (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, BioDynamics, Indianapolis, Ind.), for their ability to screen for bacteriuria and pyuria within 2 min. A total of 1,000 urine specimens were tested with the Bac-T-Screen and the Chemstrip LN and compared with a semiquantitative plate culture method. Of the 1,000 specimens tested, 249 had colony counts of greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml by the culture method. Of these, the Bac-T-Screen detected 94.8% (236 of 249) and the Chemstrip LN detected 84.7% (210 of 249). There were 120 pure cultures of probable pathogens of which the Bac-T-Screen detected 97.5% (117 of 120) and the Chemstrip LN detected 91.7% (110 of 120). Leukocyte counts were performed on all specimens, and both methods have the ability to detect greater than 10 leukocytes per mm3 in a majority (greater than 93%) of the specimens. The cost per test for a negative screen is approximately $1.30 for the Bac-T-Screen and $0.40 for the Chemstrip LN. Overall there is a similar negative predictive value with both methods for bacteriuria and pyuria. (+info)
Leucocyte esterase-nitrite screening method for pyuria and bacteriuria.
(34/55)
The value of the one minute leucocyte esterase-nitrite chemical strips as a screening procedure for detecting appreciable levels of pyuria and bacteriuria was assessed by comparison with microscopy and culture results. The likelihood that a negative leucocyte esterase result indicated less than 10 white cells/cu mm by microscopy (the negative predictive value), was 90.1% and that a negative nitrite result indicated less than 10(5) organisms/ml was 91.3%. There were many false positive results with both tests, however, and the overall predictive value of a positive leucocyte esterase or nitrite test, or both, was low. The leucocyte esterase-nitrite strip was neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific enough to be used as a cost effective method for screening urines in the laboratory. (+info)
Staining of urinary leucocytes as an aid to the diagnosis of inflammation in the urinary tract.
(35/55)
Five hundred specimens of urine have been examined for pyuria and bacteriuria, the leucocytes being stained by the Sternheimer-Malbin method. Most urines contained either less than 1 or more than 10 leucocytes per cmm; a few specimens contained 1 to 10 cells per cmm, whatever their viable bacterial count. The presence of leucocytes in urine was usually related to the bacterial count, pyuria being commonest in urines showing ;significant bacteriuria'. However, urinary tract instrumentation caused pyuria in the absence of infection. Leucocytes with nuclei staining blue by the Sternheimer-Malbin technique were considered to be indicative of active inflammation, but the incidence of such cells appeared to be a reflection of the total leucocyte count of the specimen rather than of its viable bacterial count. In the majority of cases the diagnosis of infection can be made on the basis of the bacterial count and the degree of pyuria. The staining technique appears to have a limited use, restricted to the interpretation of cases in which the results of culture and conventional leucocyte counts are ambiguous. (+info)
The dip-slide in urology.
(36/55)
To assess the value of the Uricult dip-slide in a hospital urological unit, bacteriological examination of 1,033 urine specimens was compared by this technique and by conventional methods. In 87% of cases identical results were obtained using the dip-slides and the standard laboratory culture plates. Insignificant differences occurred in 10%, and a serious discrepancy between the two methods was found in only 3%. The Uricult dip-slide technique is valuable as a bacteriological screening procedure in urological practice but subculturing from the slide is not recommended except in special circumstances. (+info)
Renal disease due to analgesics. I. Recognition of the problem of analgesic nephropathy.
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The incidence of renal impairment secondary to the abuse of analgesic compounds now accounts for a significant proportion of patients requiring renal replacement therapy. The clinical features of 100 cases of analgesic nephropathy are described; essentially these consist of otherwise unexplained renal impairment, urinary tract symptoms, radiological changes and sterile pyuria, often associated with dyspepsia, anemia and psychiatric disturbances. The classical pathological changes consist of interstitial nephritis and progressive reduction in renal size, secondary to repeated episodes of papillary necrosis. Cessation of analgesic abuse usually arrests the deterioration in renal function, and indeed some recovery of function may occur. (+info)
City-wide screening for urinary abnormalities in schoolgirls.
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Screening for urinary tract infection was carried out in 23,427 schoolgirls, aged 5 to 14 years, using Uricult and, for hematuria, glycosuria and proteinuria using Hema-combistix. Cultures of 10(5) colonies per ml. or more on two occasions were obtained in 2.3% and a positive culture was confirmed by the family physician using standard culture techniques in 82.7% of cases, giving an overall incidence of infection of 1.9%. Fifty-eight percent of these children had no previous history of any urinary tract symptoms. Of the infected group 9.5% had pyelonephritic scarring, 58.7% chronic cystitis and 58.7% urethral stenosis. Two additional cases had unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction with hydronephrosis. Reflux occurred in 26.6% of those investigated by voiding cystogram. In 58% of cases the urinary tract infection was not accompanied by significant proteinuria, hematuria or pyuria.Proteinuria was detected on two occasions in 1.6% of the children and confirmed by the family physician in 33% of cases, giving an overall incidence of 0.5%. In this group 9.2% had evidence of pyelonephritic scarring without a positive urine culture.Hematuria was detected on two occasions in 0.6% of the children and was confirmed by the family physician in 53%, giving an overall incidence of 0.3%. Only one case with pyelonephritic scarring was seen in this group.Of the 25 cases with pyelonephritic changes only six had been previously diagnosed radiologically.Four previously unrecognized diabetics were also detected. (+info)
Urine microscopy and infection in general practice.
(39/55)
To test the value of urine microscopy 100 consecutive specimens were examined in the surgery and the results correlated with the subsequent laboratory culture reports.An assessment of the degree of pyuria was made by low power microscopy of a thick drop of fresh urine. A second specimen was examined under high power for the presence or absence of motile bacilli. The techniques used are described and quantified.The laboratory report was definitive in 88 of the 100 cultures. All the 33 specimens with 10(5) bacteriuria had some degree of pyuria and in 27 (82 per cent) motile bacilli had been found. In the 50 with no significant bacteriuria no motile bacilli had been seen in 38 (76 per cent).In these 88 specimens a diagnosis made in the surgery based entirely on bacterial microscopy would have been correct in 80 per cent, combined with cytological microscopy in 87 per cent, and with the addition of clinical features in 92 per cent.In the remaining 12 cases the laboratory report was inconclusive and would have made no difference to my conclusions. (+info)
Torulopsis glabrata urinary tract infection treated with 5-fluorocytosine.
(40/55)
Two diabetic patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection by Torulopsis glabrata were successfully treated with two-week courses of 5-fluorocytosine. (+info)