A Unique Manifestation of Pupillary Fatigue in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy.
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OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a unique abnormality of the pupillary light reflex in patients with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG). DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Autonomic clinics at 2 university hospitals (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center). PARTICIPANTS: Seven patients with antibody-positive AAG. INTERVENTIONS: All patients with AAG underwent either monocular or binocular infrared pupillometry using a standard 2-second light stimulus at a defined intensity. Findings were compared with those from healthy control subjects and patients with other autonomic disorders. The light stimulus used in this study was selected to eliminate the normal phenomenon of pupil escape. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The time to onset of redilation as well as other indices of pupillary constriction to light stimulus. RESULTS: Patients with AAG exhibited premature pupillary redilation (mean [SD], 1.02[0.20] seconds) compared with healthy control subjects (mean [SD], 2.24 [0.10] seconds) and other patients with autonomic disorders (mean [SD], 2.30 [0.12] seconds) (P.001). In healthy control subjects and patients with other autonomic disorders, pupillary redilation always followed the termination of the light stimulus; in patients with AAG, redilation consistently occurred during the light stimulus. In 1 patient, serial repetitive light stimulation further decreased the time to onset of redilation. CONCLUSIONS: Premature redilation of the pupil is a unique physiological feature seen only in patients with AAG. This phenomenon appears to be a manifestation of pupillary fatigue, a clinical correlate of defective synaptic transmission at the level of autonomic ganglia in antibody-positive AAG. (+info)
The posterior location of the dilator muscle induces anterior iris bowing during dilation, even in the absence of pupillary block.
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Inferior ectopic pupil and typical ocular coloboma in RCS rats.
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Ocular coloboma is sometimes accompanied by corectopia in humans and therefore ectopic pupil may indicate ocular coloboma in experimental animals. The RCS strain of rats has a low incidence of microphthalmia. We found that inferior ectopic pupil is associated exclusively with small-sized eyes in this strain. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether inferior ectopic pupil is associated with iridal coloboma and other types of ocular coloboma in RCS rats. Both eyes of RCS rats were examined clinically, and those with inferior ectopic pupils underwent morphologic and morphometric examinations. In a prenatal study, coronal serial sections of eyeballs from fetuses at gestational day 16.5 were examined by using light microscopy. Ectopic pupils in RCS rats were found exclusively in an inferior position, where the iris was shortened. Fundic examination revealed severe chorioretinal coloboma in all cases of inferior ectopic pupil. The morphologic characteristics closely resembled those of chorioretinal coloboma in humans. Histopathologic examination of primordia showed incomplete closure of the optic fissure in 4 eyeballs of RCS fetuses. Neither F(1) rats nor N(2) (progeny of RCS x BN matings) displayed any ocular anomalies, including ectopic pupils. The RCS strain is a suitable model for human ocular coloboma, and inferior ectopic pupil appears to be a strong indicator of ocular coloboma. (+info)
Fibrin membrane pupillary-block glaucoma after uneventful cataract surgery treated with intracameral tissue plasminogen activator: a case report.
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