Myasthenic crisis-like syndrome due to Cleistanthus collinus poisoning.
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Poisoning with Cleistanthus collinus frequently causes cardiac manifestations such as rhythm disturbances and also results in other manifestations such as metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. We present the case of a patient who presented with a rare myasthenic crisis-like syndrome requiring assisted ventilation due to Cleistanthus collinus poisoning, which responded to treatment with neostigmine. (+info)
Biomarkers for ragwort poisoning in horses: identification of protein targets.
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Nutritional and toxicological evaluations of kochia hay (Kochia scoparia) fed to lambs.
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Kochia foliage that had tested positive to Dragendorff's reagent (presumptive alkaloids) and had elicited chronic toxicosis when fed to rats was fed to sheep to characterize early stages of kochia toxicosis and evaluate treatments that might improve tolerance. Twelve fine-wool lambs (46 +/- 9 kg BW) were fed chopped kochia hay (35%) mixed with chopped alfalfa hay (65%) for 4 wk. The kochia diet had 14.3% CP and 39.9% ADF. Dry matter intake averaged 3.4% of BW/d. Body weight did not change during 4 wk and blood serum components were not changed from values at the onset. Thereafter, kochia was increased to 50% of diet for five more weeks, during which four treatments were imposed randomly (three lambs/treatment): 1) none; 2) N-acetyl-L-cysteine plus trans-stilbene oxide, 21 and 52 mg/kg of BW, respectively, given i.p. twice weekly; 3) retinyl palmitate, 275 mg, plus alpha-tocopherol, 300 mg/lamb dosed i.m. twice weekly; and 4) zinc sulfate mixed in the feed to provide 500 mg daily. Kochia contained 4.8% oxalate. The diet with 50% kochia had 16% CP and 36% ADF, and digestibility coefficients were 59% for DM, 72% for CP, and 59% for ADF. After 5 wk, blood glucose was elevated slightly, total bilirubin was increased about 1.5-fold (P less than .05), alanine aminotransferase was elevated slightly (P less than .05), and inorganic phosphorus and urea (blood urea N) were diminished (P less than .05); other serum components, including calcium, were unchanged from initial levels (P greater than .10). Treatments had negligible effects for modifying serum signs of mild chronic toxicosis associated with kochia hay fed as 50% of diet. (+info)
Altered metabolic hormones, impaired nitrogen retention, and hepatotoxicosis in lambs fed Kochia scoparia hay.
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Livestock grazing lush Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad, sometimes experience BW loss, hyperbilirubinemia, photosensitization, and polyuria. Animals fed kochia hay may exhibit milder or negligible signs of toxicosis but fail to utilize nutrients efficiently. To characterize early aspects of kochia toxicosis and to evaluate prospective treatments, 12 wether lambs (34 +/- 3 kg) were fed prebloom kochia hay (83% OM, 15% CP, and 6.3% total oxalate) and treated as follows: 1) no treatment; 2) drenched daily with aqueous ZnSO4 to provide 30 mg of Zn/kg of BW); 3) injected i.p. twice weekly with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (CYS) in saline (21 mg/kg of BW) plus trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) in corn oil (27 mg/kg of BW); and 4) treated as 2) plus 3). Treatments were imposed factorially (2 x 2) with three lambs per treatment. Kochia intake (ad libitum) averaged .57 kg/d (1.7% of BW) for 80 d, and digestibility of DM and CP were 44 and 59%, respectively, at wk 4, but BW loss was severe (6 to 11 kg/lamb). After 14 d, serum insulin and prolactin were decreased (P less than .05) below initial values (.48 to .11 and 102 to 28 ng/ml, respectively). Serum somatotropin increased (P less than .05) from 4.5 to 6.8 ng/ml at 4 wk. Serum total bilirubin increased threefold at 3 wk (P less than .05) and declined slightly thereafter through 10 wk. Early changes in serum enzymes reflected mild hepatotoxicosis without cholestasis, whereas histopathology (at 80 d) showed diffuse hepatocyte swelling and nephrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) (+info)
Serum constituents and metabolic hormones in sheep and cattle fed Kochia scoparia hay.
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Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. is a prospective forage crop for arid areas, although its potential value is constrained by occasional toxicity that may involve alteration of metabolic hormones. The present research compared serum clinical profiles and metabolic hormone concentrations in steers and wethers fed kochia hay (85% OM, 13% CP, 45% ADF, and 6.3% total oxalate) to those of suitable controls that were pair-fed equal amounts of DM as alfalfa hay (91% OM, 13% CP and 42% ADF). Eight steers (240 +/- 2 kg BW) that were pair-fed kochia or alfalfa hay for 21 d had similar levels of serum insulin (INS) or somatotropin (GH), but kochia lowered prolactin (PRL) (6.0 vs 118 ng/ml; P = .14). Kochia hay did not elevate serum bilirubin at d 21 in these steers; however, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were elevated 1.3-fold (P less than .05). Ten fine-wool wethers (29 +/- kg BW) pair-fed kochia or alfalfa hay for 21 d had similar levels of PRL and INS at d 0, 5, 10, and 21; however, GH was lower in wethers fed kochia at d 5 (P less than .05) and somewhat lower at d 10 and 21. Kochia elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin 1.25-fold over pair-fed controls (P = .06) and increased (P less than .05) activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. Metabolic hormone responses to kochia hay differed in steers vs wethers during undemutrition and mild toxicosis that occurred within 3 wk. (+info)
Experimental reproduction of tumbleweed shield lichen (Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa) poisoning in a domestic sheep model.
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Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa, commonly called tumbleweed lichen, is found throughout the Rocky Mountain region. This particular species of lichen was incriminated in the poisoning of cattle and sheep in Wyoming during the 1930s. More than 70 years elapsed before another case was reported. There is virtually no information in the veterinary literature regarding toxicity of this lichen. This report describes X. chlorochroa poisoning in domestic sheep fed lichen collected from different locales and at different times of the year. Affected animals voided red urine and displayed incoordination. A transient spike in serum creatine kinase activity occurred in all ewes during the course of the feeding trial. Histologically, necrosis of a few individual appendicular skeletal myocytes was observed in 1 ewe, but grossly discernible myonecrosis was absent. The severity of clinical signs varied depending on the location and/or time of year the lichen was collected, indicating that toxicity of the lichen may be influenced by environmental conditions. Results demonstrate that domestic sheep are a useful model for further investigation of X. chlorochroa intoxication. The current study should act as a starting point for elucidating the pathogenesis of X. chlorochroa poisoning and aid in the development of a diagnostic assay to confirm lichen poisoning. (+info)
Polyacetylenes from sardinian Oenanthe fistulosa: a molecular clue to risus sardonicus.
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