The application of long- and short-term progestagen treatments for oestrous cycle control in heifers.
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Progestagen-impregnated pessaries were inserted into 205 heifers on eight farms. Treatments were either pessaries only for 20 days or pessaries for 10 days combined with an intramuscular injection of 250 mg progesterone+7-5 mg oestradiol benzoate on the day of insertion. Pessary retention was low (86.7%) over the 20-day period, but high (93-6%) during the 10-day period. Calving rates of heifers inseminated in oestrus following the 20-day treatment were low, while those of heifers inseminated on a fixed-time basis with the 10-day treatment were slightly higher than those of control heifers. (+info)
Effect of long- and short-term intravaginal progestagen treatments on synchronization of oestrus and fertility in heifers.
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A total of 273 Herford cross heifers were treated with intravaginal progestagen pessaries to determine some of the factors affecting oestrous response and fertility following long-term (20-day) and short-term (10-day) treatments. Oestrous response and degree of synchronization were high after treatment for 20 days, but the fertility rate was lower than that of control heifers. There was no difference in the fertility of heifers inseminated artificially and those mated naturally. When the treatment period was reduced to 10 days and 900 mg progesterone and 5 mg oestradiol valerate given intramuscularly at the start, a high oestrous response and a low degree of synchronization resulted, but the conception rate was similar to that of the control animals. Reducing the dose of progesterone to 250 mg resulted in a high oestrous response and a high degree of synchronization. The stage of the cycle at the start of the 10-day treatment did not affect the oestrous response. Retention of the progesterone pessary was low (79-9%) in heifers treated for 2- days, but was 100% in those treated for 10 days. (+info)
Synchronization of estrus and reproductive performance of ewes treated with synthetic progestogens administered by subcutaneous ear implant or by intravaginal sponge pessary.
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Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of synthetic progestogens administered by subcutaneous ear implant or intravaginal sponge to induce a synchronized estrus in adult ewes and ewe lambs and to evaluate reproductive performance (fertility and litter size) to breeding at the synchronized estrus. Experimental animals were representative of three strains maintained in total confinement and exposed to a synthetic light regimen which alternated at intervals of 4 mo from 18 h day length to 10 h day length/24 h. Treatments were applied at different times of the year at the end of a low light cycle. Implants contained Norgestomet (3 mg) impregnated in a polymethacrylate polymer (Implant H) or impregnated in a silastic polymer containing 1.05 (Implant S1), 1.78 (Implant S2) or 2.60 mg (Implant S3) Norgestomet, respectively. Intravaginal sponges contained 40 mg Fluorogestone Acetate. Implants or sponges were left in situ for 12 d and 500 IU pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin was injected im at the time of removal. Following treatment with Implant H, 96% of ewes were judged to be in estrus at 48 h after implant removal. Fertility of adult ewes and ewe lambs (6 to 7 mo of age at time of breeding) at the synchronized estrus were similar after implant H or sponge treatment, but litter size was higher (P less than .05) for adult ewes treated with sponges. The percentages of adult ewes marked by rams within 60 h after removal of silastic implants or intravaginal sponges were similar. There was a tendency for ewe lambs to be marked later than adult ewes and for adult ewes treated with Implant S1 and Implant S2 to be marked earlier than ewes treated with Implant S3 or sponges. Higher percentages (P less than .05) of adult ewes and ewe lambs lambed to breeding at the synchronized estrus after treatment with Implant S2 or Implant S3, respectively, than after treatment with Implants S2 or sponges. (+info)
FSH or FSH plus LH superovulation in ewes following estrus synchronization with medoxyprogesterone acetate pessaries.
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The estrous cycles of 28 ewes 9 to 10 months of age were synchronized with Medoxyprogesterone (MAP) pessaries. Superovulation was attempted by injecting either (follicle stimulating hormone) FSH or FSH plus Luteinizing Hormone (LH). MAP pessaries were in place for 12 days. FSH was administered (IM) to all ewes at 12-hr intervals over a 3-day period, 5 mg injected twice on day 11 after pessary insertion, followed by 4 and 3 mg twice daily on days 12 and 13, respectively. LH (25 mg injected IV) was given to 14 ewes within 8 hr after the onset of behavioral estrus. All ewes were hand mated with several rams at 12-hr intervals from the onset to the end of behavioral estrus. Ovulation, embryo recovery and fertilization rates were recorded for each ewe. Of 14 ewes injected with only FSH, 13 ovulated, with a mean ovulation rate of 8.2 +/- 5.6; embryo recovery rate averaged 62%, and fertilization rate was 97%. All 14 ewes given both FSH + LH ovulated, with an ovulation rate of 8.9 +/- 5.8 per ewe; embryo recovery averaged 70%, and 91% of all embryos recovered were fertilized. No statistical differences in ovulation, embryo recovery or fertilization rates were found between the FSH and FSH + LH superovulation treatment groups. In addition, no difference in the number of ewes showing estrus or duration of behavioral estrus was noted between FSH and FSH + LH treatments. (+info)
Treatment of vaginal candidosis with a single 500-mg clotrimazole pessary.
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In a double-blind study the therapeutic efficacy of a single 500-mg clotrimazole pessary was compared with that of a 200-mg clotrimazole pessary inserted once daily for three days in 72 patients with vaginal candidosis confirmed by culture. On clinical assessment four weeks after completion of treatment with the single-dose pessary the cure rate was 86% compared with 92% after the three-day regimen. There was no significant difference in the eradication rate between the single-dose (94%) and three-day regimens (89%). Four weeks after completion of treatment the recurrence rates by culture were 18% with the single-dose and 24% with the three-day regimen. The former treatment was well tolerated and as effective as the three-day clotrimazole regimen. (+info)
Persistence of miconazole in vaginal secretions after single applications. Implications for the treatment of vaginal candidosis.
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In vaginal secretions from 16 healthy women aged between 20 and 27 years miconazole persisted in biodetectable concentrations for at least 48 hours after insertion of a single miconazole vaginal pessary. This finding casts doubt on cure rates in vaginal candidosis determined soon after the end of treatment and suggests that current treatment courses with imidazole antifungal agents may be longer than their nominal three or five days. (+info)
Induction of labour with a sustained-release prostaglandin E2 vaginal pessary.
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A new polymer vaginal pessary providing sustained constant release of prostaglandin E2 was administered to 66 patients before planned induction of labour. Effective ripening of the unfavourable cervix was achieved in each of 18 primigravidas, in eight of whom labour was initiated without further treatment. When the cervix was moderately favourable the need for orthodox induction of labour was obviated in 16 out of 23 primigravidas and 21 out of 23 multigravidas. This method of sustained release of prostaglandin E2 is simple and convenient and readily acceptable to the patient; it is an important step in the development of non-invasive methods of inducing labour. (+info)
Vaginal chemoprophylaxis in the reduction of reinfection in women with gonorrhoea. Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of a vaginal contraceptive.
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A clinical investigation was undertaken to determine if chemoprophylaxis in the form of a contraceptive pessary would reduce the rate of reinfection with gonorrhoea in 1245 female patients attending a venereal disease clinic. After the introduction of the pessary the reinfection rate over a 16-week period was 19% compared with 40% in the control clinic patients. It was also found that women could be motivated to use a pessary; 65% of women used pessaries before sexual intercourse at least some of the time. High reinfection rates in venereal disease clinic patients emphasise the need for improved methods of preventing reinfection. Vaginal chemoprophylaxis appears to be an alternative means of reducing gonorrhoea morbidity. (+info)