Extensive post-traumatic ossification of the patellar tendon. A report of two cases.
(1/494)
Two men, aged 21 and 50 years, were seen with ossification of the patellar tendon after injury to the knee in adolescence. They complained of pain and had patella alta. Large bony masses were excised from below the affected patellae. The patellar tendon was then reconstructed using a Leeds-Keio ligament. The results at six and ten years, respectively, were good, with neither patient having pain or an extension lag. (+info)
Prevention of heterotopic ossification in hip arthroplasty. The influence of the duration of treatment.
(2/494)
A retrospective study has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of indomethacin in preventing heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty, and the effect of using it for different periods of time. One hundred and sixty-eight hips operated on in 1983 were not given indomethacin and acted as a control. One hundred and fifty hips operated on in 1988 were given indomethacin and divided into 3 groups: 42 received indomethacin for 5 days, 49 for 11 days and 59 for 45 days. The results indicate that ossification is significantly reduced in those patients receiving indomethacin for 5 and 11 days, but there was no additional reduction when it was given for 45 days. Treatment should begin on the night of operation and continued for 11 days while the patient remains in hospital. (+info)
The para-articular ossifications in our paraplegics and tetraplegics: a survey of 704 patients.
(3/494)
The X-ray examination of 704 spinal cord injured patients have showed that in 20 per cent of the cases para-articular ossifications were present most frequently in the hips. They were less frequently found in non-traumatic and incomplete cases. No other clear relationship was found. (+info)
Atypical Rathke's cleft cyst associated with ossification.
(4/494)
We report a case of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst with ossification. CT scans showed curvilinear calcification on the wall of the cyst. MR images revealed a cystic sellar lesion with a nodular solid mass extending to the floor of the third ventricle. This case shows that calcification of the suprasellar cyst does not always suggest craniopharyngioma. Rathke's cysts should be histologically differentiated from craniopharyngiomas because their treatments are different. (+info)
Xenogenic demineralized bone matrix: osteoinduction and influence of associated skeletal defects in heterotopic bone formation in rats.
(5/494)
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was ectopically implanted in 36 male Wistar rats. In 18 of the animals a bone defect in the femoral condyles was also created: the left was filled with DBM and the right was left empty as a control. The animals were killed after 2, 4 and 6 weeks and new bone was histologically evaluated, comparing ectopic bone formation with or without distant bone injury. Results showed: (1) osteoinductivity of xenogenic DBM, and (2) earlier mineralization of ectopically implanted DBM in the group with associated skeletal injury. Our results show that xenogenic bone matrix acts as an osteoinductive material and that skeletal injury improves osteogenesis at distant sites. (+info)
Heterotopic endochondrial ossification with mixed tumor formation in C3(1)/Tag transgenic mice is associated with elevated TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 expression.
(6/494)
Transgenic mice which express the simian virus 40 large T-antigen (Tag) under the regulatory control of the hormone responsive rat C3(1) gene develop unusual lesions of heterotopic bone growth associated with mixed tumor formation arising from eccrine sweat glands found only in the foot pads of mice, ischiocavernosus muscle adjacent to bulbourethral glands and occasionally the salivary and mammary glands. These lesions are very similar to mixed tumors arising in several types of human cancers. Based upon electron microscopic examination and immunocytochemical analyses of cellular differentiation markers, the mixed proliferative lesions in this transgenic mouse model begin with the Tag-induced proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The proliferation of these two types of cells results in hyperplasia and adenomatous transformation of the epithelial component, whereas the proliferating myoepithelial cells undergo metaplasia to form chondrocytes which deposit extracellular matrix, including collagen fibers. Cartilage develops focally between areas of epithelial proliferation and subsequently ossifies through a process of endochondrial bone formation. The metaplasia of myoepithelial cells to chondrocytes appears to require the inductive interaction of factors produced by the closely associated proliferating epithelial cells, including members of the TGF-beta superfamily. We demonstrate that TGF-beta1 protein accumulates in the extracellular matrix of the lesions, whereas RNA in situ hybridization reveals that BMP-2, another strong inducer of heterotopic bone formation, is overexpressed by the proliferating epithelial cells during the development of ectopic bone. The formation of sarcomatous tumors within the mixed tumors appears to be androgen-dependent and more frequent in mice lacking a normal allele of p53. This process of cartilage and bone induction may mimic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions which occur during embryonic bone formation. These transgenic mice may provide new insights into the processes of ectopic endochondrial bone formation associated with mixed tumor formation and serve as a useful model for human heterotopic bone disease. (+info)
A patient with generalized heterotopic ossification (HO) complicating critical illness due to necrotizing pancreatitis is described; data on two other cases with HO are briefly presented. The clinical features, prevention and therapy of HO are discussed. The effect of surgical therapy of the HO in our three patients was good. (+info)
Perlecan maintains the integrity of cartilage and some basement membranes.
(8/494)
Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is expressed in all basement membranes (BMs), in cartilage, and several other mesenchymal tissues during development. Perlecan binds growth factors and interacts with various extracellular matrix proteins and cell adhesion molecules. Homozygous mice with a null mutation in the perlecan gene exhibit normal formation of BMs. However, BMs deteriorate in regions with increased mechanical stress such as the contracting myocardium and the expanding brain vesicles showing that perlecan is crucial for maintaining BM integrity. As a consequence, small clefts are formed in the cardiac muscle leading to blood leakage into the pericardial cavity and an arrest of heart function. The defects in the BM separating the brain from the adjacent mesenchyme caused invasion of brain tissue into the overlaying ectoderm leading to abnormal expansion of neuroepithelium, neuronal ectopias, and exencephaly. Finally, homozygotes developed a severe defect in cartilage, a tissue that lacks BMs. The chondrodysplasia is characterized by a reduction of the fibrillar collagen network, shortened collagen fibers, and elevated expression of cartilage extracellular matrix genes, suggesting that perlecan protects cartilage extracellular matrix from degradation. (+info)