(99m)Tc-DTPA diuretic renal scintigraphy in dogs with nephroureterolithiasis.
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This study evaluated the results of diuretic renal scintigraphy in dogs with urolithiasis. Eighty-three kidneys with nephroureterolithiasis +/- renal pelvis/ureteral dilation were included in the study. Sixty-three kidneys showed a non-obstructive pattern, with a steep drop or gradual downward slope of renal time-activity curve (TAC). Excretion half-time of radiopharmaceutical (T(1/2)) was 3.99 (2.99 to 7.95) min. Three kidneys showed an obstructive pattern, with continuous rise of the TAC and median T(1/2) of -10.71 (-5.20 to -17.56) min. Fifteen kidneys had non-diagnostic studies characterized by flat TAC. Individual kidney glomerular filtration rate was <0.5 mL/min/kg body weight in most non-diagnostic studies. Diuretic renal scintigraphy appears to be a useful adjunct modality to rule out or confirm ureteral obstruction in dogs. Additional diagnostic procedures may be necessary to achieve a definitive diagnosis in cases of severely impaired renal function. (+info)
[Anatomical alterations in patients with nephrolithiasis].
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Analysis of risk factors for uric acid nephrolithiasis in type 2 diabetes.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for uric acid nephrolithiasis, and obesity augments this risk. We carried out this cross-sectional study on 25 patients of T2DM to assess the risk factors for uric acid nephrolithiasis and to assess their relation with components of the metabolic syndrome. A single 24-hour urine sample was analyzed for fasting urine pH, uric acid, creatinine and protein. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for HbA1c, glucose, creatinine, uric acid and lipid profile. Patients with past history of nephrolithiasis and significant hepatic or renal disease were excluded. The mean age of the participants was 51 +/- 8.5 years and there were 16 females and nine males. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 +/- 4.3 kg/m 2 and waist circumference was 90.8 +/- 7.8 cm. Urinalysis revealed mean uric acid excretion of 595 +/- 103 mg/24 hours and fasting urine pH of 5.6 +/- 0.4. Fasting urine pH correlated inversely with the body weight, BMI and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.05). Total volume showed inverse correlation with age and disease duration and correlated positively with body weight and BMI. Uric acid excretion did not correlate with the components of metabolic syndrome. Our preliminary data showed that low urine pH as the main risk factor for uric acid nephrolithiasis was consistently found in our study patients with T2DM. Higher BMI further accentuates this risk. Further data from more number of patients are necessary to confirm these findings. (+info)
Nephrobronchial fistula complicating neglected nephrolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
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Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication seen in association with renal infections, trauma or stone disease. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an infectious disease with a potential for fistulization to lung, skin, colon and other organs. We present a case of nephrolithiasis complicated by obstruction leading to pyonephrosis and nephrobronchial fistula, treated successfully by nephrectomy and excision of fistulous tracts. Nephrobronchial fistula, although a rare complication of longstanding renal stone, should be considered when a patient presents with perirenal suppurative process. This clinical case illustrates the natural history of nephro-bronchial fistula and the relevance of early treatment of nephrolithiasis. (+info)
The melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene is associated with recurrent and idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.
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