Genetic control of susceptibility to Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss in mice.
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Periodontal disease affects a large percentage of the human population. Resorption of the alveolar bone of the jaw is a pivotal sequela of periodontal disease, because this bone is the attachment site for the periodontal ligaments that anchor the teeth. Using a murine model in which alveolar bone loss is induced by oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative bacterium associated with human adult periodontal disease, we provide evidence suggesting that susceptibility to such bone loss is a genetically determined trait. AKR/J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cByJ or BALB/cJ mice were highly susceptible, while A/J, A/HeJ, 129/J, SJL/J, and C57BL/6J mice were much more resistant. When susceptible BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice were crossed to resistant strains, two patterns were observed. (BALBc/ByJ x C57BL/6J)F(1) offspring were susceptible, suggesting C57BL/6J has recessive resistance alleles, while (BALB/cJ x A/J)F(1) mice were all resistant, suggesting that A/J mice have dominant resistance alleles. These results suggest a tractable genetic basis for P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss and open the possibility of exploiting the mouse model to identify loci important for host susceptibility and resistance to periodontal disease. (+info)
Systemic diseases caused by oral infection.
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Recently, it has been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontitis, may affect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current status of oral infections, especially periodontitis, as a causal factor for systemic diseases. Three mechanisms or pathways linking oral infections to secondary systemic effects have been proposed: (i) metastatic spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia, (ii) metastatic injury from the effects of circulating oral microbial toxins, and (iii) metastatic inflammation caused by immunological injury induced by oral microorganisms. Periodontitis as a major oral infection may affect the host's susceptibility to systemic disease in three ways: by shared risk factors; subgingival biofilms acting as reservoirs of gram-negative bacteria; and the periodontium acting as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators. Proposed evidence and mechanisms of the above odontogenic systemic diseases are given. (+info)
Oral hygiene, dentition, sexual habits and risk of oral cancer.
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In an Italian case-control study of oral cancer, number of missing teeth and other aspects of dental care were similar, but the general condition of the mouth, as indicated by gum bleeding, tartar deposits and mucosal irritation, was worse among oral cancer cases than controls. No differences were detected in sexual practices (including oral sex) and (previous) sexually transmitted infections. (+info)
Assessment of oral health status and its association with some epidemiological factors in population of Nagpur, India.
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Present cross sectional study was undertaken in field practice area of Urban Health Training centre, Bapunagar, Nagpur to assess oral health status of community and to study the relationship of some epidemiological factors with it. Observations of the present study reveal that dental caries (43.2%) and periodontal diseases (34.8%) were the most common dental disorders. Other disorders were dentofacial anamoly (24.2%), opacities and enamel disorders (18.7%) and oral mucosal lesions 7.1%). Oral precancerous lesions (2.4%) also found to be an important problem. Prevalence of oral cancer was 0.1%. In general oral problems were more common in lower socioeconomic group and in habiters i.e. ghutka chewers, pan, tobacco eaters, candies eaters. Also use of tooth brush and tooth powder for cleaning teeth were found to be associated with lower prevalence of oro-dental disorders. Most of the problems were common in younger and middle aged population except cancer and precancerous lesions which were common in middle and older population. But oral submucous fibrosis was exclusively found in younger and middle aged subjects. (+info)
Untoward effects associated with practolol administration: oculomucocutaneous syndrome.
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Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, conjunctival scarring, fibrosis, metaplasia, and shrinkage developed in 27 patients as an adverse reaction to practolol. Rashes, nasal and mucosal ulceration, fibrous or plastic peritonitis, pleurisy, cochlear damage, and secretory otitis media also occurred in some cases. Three patients suffered profound visual loss though most retained good vision. Symptoms and signs improved on withdrawal of the drug, but reduction of tear secretion persisted in most patients. (+info)
Gongylonema infection of the mouth in a resident of Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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We report a case of Gongylonema infection of the mouth, which caused a migrating, serpiginous tract in a resident of Massachusetts. This foodborne infection, which is acquired through accidental ingestion of an infected insect, such as a beetle or a roach, represents the 11th such case reported in the United States. (+info)
Tobacco use and oral disease.
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Tobacco use is a risk factor for oral cancer, oral mucosal lesions, periodontal disease and impaired healing after periodontal treatment, gingival recession, and coronal and root caries. Available evidence suggests that the risks of oral diseases increase with greater use of tobacco and that quitting smoking can result in decreased risk. The magnitude of the effect of tobacco on the occurrence of oral diseases is high, with users having many times the risk of non-users. There is a clear benefit to quitting tobacco use. The risks of oral cancer and periodontal disease decline as time from cessation increases, and some oral mucosal lesions may resolve with cessation of smokeless tobacco use. Smoking accounts for half of periodontal disease and three-fourths of oral cancers in the United States. Because tobacco accounts for such a high proportion of these diseases, comprehensive tobacco control policies are required to make progress in reducing the burden of tobacco-related oral diseases. Effective treatments to prevent tobacco use and increase cessation are available and need greater implementation. Dental practices may provide a uniquely effective setting for tobacco prevention and cessation. (+info)
Tobacco prevention and control in dental practice: the future.
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Tobacco use adversely affects oral health and dental care. Globally, the health consequences of tobacco use are worsening, particularly those caused by cigarette smoking. Concerned government and nongovernmental organizations are attempting to contain the transnational tobacco companies' promotion of tobacco use and its disregard for the serious health consequences. Dependence prevents most tobacco users from easily breaking free from their high-risk behavior. Evidence-based clinical treatment methods that substantially increase quit rates are available in the Public Health Service clinical practice guideline, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. Guideline recommendations are as useful to dental clinicians as to other health care disciplines. Dental educators have a strategic role in ensuring that clinicians are well informed and are skilled in and committed to providing tobacco prevention and cessation services to their patients. Dental organizations must identify and overcome perceived and real clinician and practice barriers to adopting essential cessation services. The dental profession is in an excellent position to play a major role in several emerging issues, such as helping the public and policymakers understand the chronic nature of tobacco dependence and supporting cessation services for all people, particularly pregnant women and youths. Such messages should be presented in terms that resonate with the public because tobacco industry activities and products continue to undermine well-being, the health economy, and individual self-directed behavior of choice. (+info)