Cardiovascular effects of Ekebergia capensis Sparrm (Meliaceae) ethanolic leaf extract in experimental animal paradigms.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo effects of Ekebergia capensis leaf ethanolic extract (EKE) on the blood pressure of anaesthetised normotensive male Wistar rats and conscious weanling Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats, which develop hypertension as they age. To investigate possible mechanism(s) of the extract's hypotensive effects, the contractile or relaxant responses to EKE in the absence or presence of reference drugs were evaluated in Wistar rat isolated aortic rings precontracted with methoxamine hydrochloride (ME, 10 microM). Acute intravenous administration of EKE elicited hypotensive responses in anaesthetised animals, while sub-chronic treatment with the extract averted the development of high blood pressure in weanling DSS rats. Isometric recordings of methoxamine hydrochloride (ME) pre-contracted, isolated, endothelium-intact and -denuded aortic rings revealed concentration-dependent relaxation responses to EKE (1-160 mg/ml). The potency was significantly less in the endothelium- denuded rings. Inhibitors of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), L-NAME, methylene blue and indomethacin significantly reduced EKE-evoked vasorelaxations in endothelium-intact aortic rings. These results indicate that the vasorelaxant effect of EKE was in part mediated via EDRF-dependent or -independent pathways. These observations suggest that the hypotensive effect of EKE was in part mediated via modulation of total peripheral resistance of the vascular smooth muscles. (+info)
In Vitro antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of methanolic Swietenia mahagoni seed extracts.
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Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic seed extract.
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The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. The antimicrobial activity of the oily extract against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast and fungus strains was evaluated based on the inhibition zone using disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The crude extract was subjected to various phytochemicals analysis. The demonstrated qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presences of common phytocompounds including alkaloids, terpenoids, antraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and volatile oils as major active constituents. The SMCM seed extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabillase and illustrated MIC and MBC values ranging from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml. (+info)
Mexicanolides from the seeds of a Krishna mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis.
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Two new mexicanolides, named xylomexicanolides A and B, were isolated from the seeds of an Indian mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis, together with four known limonoids, khayasin, angolensic acid methyl ester, khayasin T, and 2'S-methylbutanoylproceranolide. The structures of these limonoids were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. The (13)C-NMR data of khayasin were reported for the first time. Khayasin was found to exhibit marked insecticidal activity against the fifth instar larvae of Brontispa longissima (GESTRO) at a concentration of 10 mg/l. (+info)
Cucullamide, a new putrescine bisamide from Amoora cucullata.
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A new putrescine bisamide derivative named cucullamide (1) was isolated from the leaves of Amoora cucullata, together with five known natural products, dasyclamide (2), ent-2beta-hydroxymanool (3), chrysin (4), apigenin (5), and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6). The structure of the new isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR as well as high resolution-electrospray ionization (HR-ESI)-MS spectroscopic analysis. (+info)
Chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae of essential oils from four Guarea species.
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