Escin/diethylammonium salicylate/heparin combination gels for the topical treatment of acute impact injuries: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre study.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of escin-containing gels in the topical treatment of blunt impact injuries. METHODS: Competitors in soccer, handball, or karate competitions were enrolled within two hours of sustaining a strain, sprain, or contusion and treated three times with the trial gel within a period of eight hours. Patients were randomised to three parallel groups consisting of two active treatment gels, containing escin (1% or 2%), 5% diethylammonium salicylate, and 5000 IU heparin, or placebo gel. Tenderness produced by pressure was measured at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours after enrollment (within two hours of the injury). Tenderness was defined as the amount of pressure (measured by a calibrated caliper at the centre of the injury) that first produced a pain reaction as reported by the patient. RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were enrolled; 156 were evaluated in the intention to treat analysis. The primary efficacy variable was the area under the curve for tenderness over a six hour period. The gel preparations containing 1% and 2% escin were significantly more effective (a priori ordered hypotheses testing controlling the multiple alpha = 5% significance level) than placebo (p(1) = 0.0001 and p(2) = 0.0002 respectively). The treatment effects were 5.7 kp h/cm(2) (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9 to 8.5) and 5.9 kilopond (kp) h/cm(2) (95% CI 2.9 to 8.8) between 1% escin and placebo and between 2% escin and placebo respectively. These results were supported by secondary efficacy variables. The time to reach the baseline contralateral tenderness value (resolution of pain) at the injured site was shorter in the treatment groups than in the placebo group (p<0.0001). Both active gel preparations produced more rapid pain relief than the placebo gel. No relevant differences were detected between the two active gels. The safety and tolerability of the escin-containing gels were excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Escin/diethylammonium salicylate/heparin combination gel preparations are effective and safe for the treatment of blunt impact injuries. (+info)
Are there differences in postural regulation according to the level of competition in judoists?
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The aim of this work was to study the posturokinetic capacities and use of visual information by judoists according to their level of competition. Twenty male judoists aged between 16 and 19 took part. They were separated into two groups: those that competed at regional level and those that competed at national and international level. Static balance was measured on a force platform. No difference was seen between the two groups. However, it seems that visual information is more important to the higher level judoists. Perhaps the level of competition influences the sensory canals involved in balance. (+info)
Nutrient intake of highly competitive male and female collegiate karate players.
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Nutrient intake of 29 male (M Group) and 16 female (F Group) highly competitive collegiate karate players were compared. The results were also compared with the daily energy expenditure (DEE), Japanese recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate dietary intakes (ADIs). Dietary information was collected using a 3-weekday diet record. Although the M Group showed significantly higher mean %RDAs or %ADIs in iron, vitamin B1, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium than the F Group, many of the mean %RDAs or %ADIs were below RDAs or ADIs in both groups. The subjects who skipped meals tended to show lower mean %DEE, Japanese %RDAs or %ADIs in minerals and vitamins than the subjects who did not skip in both M and F Groups. The consumption of green and other vegetables and milk and dairy products in both M and F Groups were low. It is concluded that the male and female highly competitive karate players studied in the present study may be at risk of sub-optimal nutrient intake, which increases the potential for nutrient deficiency. The subjects were advised not to skip meals, and to consume a balanced high-carbohydrate, moderate-protein, low-fat diet with increasing green and other vegetables and milk and dairy products to increase mineral, vitamin and dietary fiber intakes. (+info)
Energy demands during a judo match and recovery.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess energy demand during a judo match and the kinetics of recovery by measuring the metabolites of the oxypurine cascade, lipolytic activity, and glycolytic pathway. METHODS: Venous blood samples were taken from 16 national judoists (mean (SEM) age 18.4 (1.6) years), before (T(1)) and three minutes (T(2)), one hour (T(3)), and 24 hours (T(4)) after a match. A seven day diet record was used to evaluate nutrient intake. RESULTS: Nutrient analysis indicated that these athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet. Plasma lactate concentration had increased to 12.3 (1.8) mmol/l at the end of the match. An increase in the levels of extracellular markers of muscle adenine nucleotide catabolism, urea, and creatinine was observed at T(2), while uric acid levels remained unchanged. High concentrations of urea persisted for 24 hours during the recovery period. Ammonia, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and creatinine returned to control levels within the 24 hour recovery period. Uric acid concentrations rose from T(3) and had not returned to baseline 24 hours after the match. The levels of triglycerides, glycerol, and free fatty acids had increased significantly (p<0.05) after the match (T(2)) but returned to baseline values within 24 hours. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly increased after the match. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a judo match induces both protein and lipid metabolism. Carbohydrate availability, training adaptation, and metabolic stress may explain the requirement for these types of metabolism. (+info)
Day to day variability in the transferrin receptor/ferritin index in female athletes.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the within subject (day to day) variability for variables reflecting iron status (concentrations of ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and the sTfR/logFerr index) in female athletes during a training camp, and in female control subjects. RESULTS: The error for ferritin concentration was nearly twice as high in athletes as in controls, that for sTfR concentration was identical in the two groups, and that for the sTfR/logFerr index was about 50% higher in athletes than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: The within subject, day to day error for the sTfR/logFerr index computed from data recorded for untrained subjects cannot serve as a reference value for training athletes. When the sTfR/logFerr index is used to monitor iron stores in athletes, an error value of 0.20 should be used, because determination of the index after a few days of rest may not be feasible. (+info)
Bilateral radial head fractures in a martial arts athlete.
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Isolated radial head fractures, which are rare, comprise about 2% of all fractures around the elbow. A case is reported of bilateral radial head fracture in an international female athlete. Early recognition and aggressive rehabilitation is essential if an abrupt end to a promising sporting career is to be prevented. (+info)
A case of exercise-induced acute renal failure in a patient with idiopathic renal hypouricemia developed during antihypertensive therapy with losartan and trichlormethiazide.
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Exercise-induced acute renal failure (ARF) developed in a 45-year-old man during antihypertensive therapy with losartan and trichlormethiazide. The antihypertensive therapy was stopped and marked hypouricemia became apparent during improvement of his renal function. The daily urinary excretion of uric acid was normal and an increased fractional excretion of uric acid was observed. Renal biopsy revealed that the kidney was recovering from acute tubular necrosis with interstitial fibrosis. Based on the results of pyrazinamide and benzbromarone tests, we classified this case as one of presecretory reabsorption defect of uric acid. Antihypertesive therapy with benidipine and candesartan was initiated, and the patient has not had any ARF episodes since. Because idiopathic renal hypouricemia can be associated with exercise-induced ARF and chronic renal dysfunction, careful antihypertensive therapy and follow-up evaluation of renal function might be necessary for hypertensive patients with idiopathic renal hypouricemia. (+info)
Differential increase in natriuretic peptides in elite dynamic and static athletes.
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The echocardiographic measures and plasma concentrations of either atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were compared in elite judo practitioners (static athletes), elite marathon runners (dynamic athletes) and healthy controls to investigate the relationship between the different types of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides in athletes. The LV mass and LV wall thickness of marathon runners and judo practitioners were significantly greater than those of controls. The LV end-diastolic dimension index was significantly larger in the marathon group, but smaller in the judo group. The left atrial dimension (LAD) index was significantly larger only in marathon runners. Plasma BNP concentrations were higher in both the judo and marathon groups than in controls, and positively correlated with LV mass as well as with deceleration time. Plasma ANP concentrations were significantly higher in marathon runners than in the controls and judo groups, and positively correlated with the LAD index, but negatively correlated with ejection fraction. Multivariate analyses showed that the type of athlete and LAD index were independent predictors of plasma BNP and ANP concentrations, respectively. Thus, there is an intimate link between plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and cardiac morphology in different types of athletes. (+info)