Electropalatographic and cephalometric assessment of tongue function in open bite and non-open bite subjects.
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Anterior open bite (AOB) and tongue thrust swallowing are frequently associated, but the relationship between the two remains unclear. Electropalatography (EPG), which is used in speech pathology to measure dynamic tongue function for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research purposes, is a suitable technique for the investigation of this relationship. The present clinical study examined the dentofacial pattern and tongue function in AOB and non-open bite children. EPG recordings of speech and swallowing, and lateral head radiographs were obtained from eight 10-year-old boys with tongue thrust swallowing behaviour and AOB, and from eight age-matched non-open bite controls. Analysis of data from the two groups indicated that although differences were small, the open bite children displayed trends for longer face morphology and greater upper incisor proclination, less consistent production of closures during speech, a more posterior pattern of EPG contact, and relatively sparse EPG contact during swallowing. The discovery of differing patterns of contact for the /d[symbol: see text]/ and /t[symbol: see text]/ phonemes indicates that these should be included when speech is used to test for the presence of fronted tongue behaviour. (+info)
Relationship between occlusion and satisfaction with dental appearance in orthodontically treated and untreated groups. A longitudinal study.
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The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between occlusion, satisfaction with dental appearance, and self-esteem at the ages of 11 (T1) and 15 years (T2), and to study perceived treatment effects. Separate questionnaires were completed by children and their parents to determine their attitude. The dental casts of 224 children were collected at T1 and T2, and assessed by the Aesthetic Component (AC) and Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. At T2, 16 children had been treated with removable and 51 with fixed appliances, while 157 were untreated. The children in the fixed appliance group had better dental aesthetics (AC) and occlusion (DHC) than those in the two other groups. Average PAR score reduction was 71.6 per cent (T1-T2) and satisfaction with own or child's dental appearance increased significantly. The untreated group showed increased malocclusions. In spite of that, the children expressed higher satisfaction with their own dental appearance at T2 than at T1, while the parents' satisfaction level was unchanged. For the total group, orthodontic concern at T1, AC at T2, and gender accounted for 18.0 per cent of the variation in the children's satisfaction with their own dental appearance. Parents' concern at T1 and AC at T2 accounted for 32.2 per cent of the variation in parents' satisfaction. Improvement in self-esteem from 11 to 15 years was not correlated with treatment changes. A gender difference was found. The answers to the questionnaire indicated that both children and parents rate pleasant aesthetics as an important factor for psychosocial well being. (+info)
Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on skeletal, dental, and nasal structures: a postero-anterior cephalometric study.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the transverse dimensions of skeletal, dental, and nasal structures of a group of patients with maxillary narrowness before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with an untreated control group using postero-anterior (PA) cephalometric radiographs. The material consisted of PA cephalograms of 25 children with a posterior crossbite (mean age 13 years 4 months), and 25 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age 13 years 11 months). Both groups consisted of 20 females and five males. Thirty-four reference points were digitized using the Dentofacial Planner software program. The 17 variables studied consisted of six skeletal, four dental, and seven intra-nasal linear measurements. Student's t-tests were used to compare the differences between the groups, and the effect of RME on skeletal, dental, and nasal structures. RME produced small, but statistically significant changes in maxillary width, upper and lower molar widths, the width between upper central incisor apices, and intra-nasal width. When compared with previous studies, the changes observed were similar for patients of a similar age group, but less than reported for a younger population. There is some evidence that the pattern of expansion produced by RME will vary depending on the age and maturity of the subject. (+info)
Temporomandibular dysfunction in patients treated with orthodontics in combination with orthognathic surgery.
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Fifty-two patients with malocclusions underwent orthodontic treatment in combination with orthognathic surgery involving a Le Fort I and/or sagittal split osteotomy. Approximately 5 years after surgery, the patients were examined for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The frequencies were found to be low in comparison with epidemiological studies in this field. The aesthetic outcome and chewing ability were improved in most patients (about 80 per cent). Some of the patients had reported recurrent and daily headaches before treatment. At examination, only two patients had reported having a headache once or twice a week, while all the others suffered from headaches less often or had no headache at all. Eighty-three per cent of the patients reported that they would be prepared to undergo the orthodontic/surgical treatment again with their present knowledge of the procedure. This study shows that orthodontic/surgical treatment of malocclusions not only has a beneficial effect on the aesthetic appearance and chewing ability, but also results in an improvement in signs and symptoms of TMD, including headaches. (+info)
Survey of dental treatments for pediatric patients referred to the pediatric dental clinic of a dental school hospital.
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This survey was conducted to clarify which dental treatments in children are regarded as difficult by general dentistry practitioners. The subjects were 615 children who first visited Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital from January 1995 to August 1999 with reference letters. There were 615 children in the study; 571 (92.8%) came from Chiba City where our hospital is located and the 11 regions surrounding Chiba City. The prime reasons for referral in the order of frequency were treatments of dental caries, malalignment/malocclusion, traumatized teeth, supernumerary teeth, retarded eruption/impacted teeth, abnormal direction of erupted teeth, congenitally missing teeth, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, and abnormal frenulum. Patients with dental caries or traumatized teeth in the deciduous dentition period and those with malalignment/malocclusion, supernumerary teeth, or retarded eruption/impacted teeth in the mixed dentition period were often referred to medical organizations specializing in pediatric dentistry because of the difficulties in controlling the patients' behavior and in providing adequate treatment. The information about pediatric dental treatments considered difficult by general dentists revealed by this survey appears to be useful and needs to be incorporated in the programs for clinical training of undergraduate students and education of postgraduate students. (+info)
Open bite: stability after bimaxillary surgery--2-year treatment outcomes in 58 patients.
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Stability after bimaxillary surgery to correct open bite malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism was evaluated on lateral cephalograms before surgery, 8 weeks post-operatively, and after 2 years. The 58 consecutive patients were treated to a normal occlusion and good facial aesthetics. Treatment included the orthodontic alignment of teeth by maxillary and mandibular fixed appliances, Le Fort I osteotomy, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Twenty-six patients also had a genioplasty. Intra-osseous wires or bicortical screws were used for fixation. Twenty-three patients had maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) for 8 weeks or more, six for 4-7 weeks, 14 for 1-3 weeks, and 15 had no fixation. At follow-up 2 years later, the maxilla remained unchanged and the mandible had rotated on average 1.4 degrees posteriorly. Seventeen patients had an open bite. Among them, eight patients had undergone segmental osteotomies. The relapse was mainly due to incisor proclination. The most stabile overbite was found in the group with no MMF after surgery. (+info)
1999 Optident prize and William Houston Medal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
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This paper describes the clinical orthodontic treatment of three cases which were awarded the 1999 Optident prize and the William Houston Medal. (+info)
A case of anterior open bite developing during adolescence.
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Imaging studies have reported on the relationship between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degeneration and facial deformity. These studies have suggested that mandibular growth is affected by TMJ degeneration, resulting in altered skeletal structure as mandibular retrusion. However, there are very few longitudinal case reports on TMJ osteoarthrosis (OA). Progressive open bite occurred in an adolescent patient with TMJ OA. Cephalometric analysis showed a downward and backward rotated mandible, and a labial inclination of the upper incisor. Magnetic resonance imaging showed internal derangement without reduction and erosion in the right and the left condyles. Although the cause of open bite is unclear in this case, tongue thrusting, and internal derangements in the temporomandibular joint were suspected as causes of the open bite. (+info)