Improvement of intestinal absorption of forsythoside A and chlorogenic acid by different carboxymethyl chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide, application to Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple preparations.
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Cloning and characterization of Lonicera japonica p-coumaroyl ester 3-hydroxylase which is involved in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid.
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Lonicera japonica is used in Chinese medicine as a source of antioxidants, primarily flavonoids, and a phenolic acid chlorogenic acid (CGA). Here we report the isolation and characterization of the full-length cDNA of LjC3H, a gene encoding p-coumaroyl ester 3-hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in CGA synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that is protein belongs to the CYP98A subfamily, and homology modeling revealed that its structure resembles that of other cytochrome P450 family proteins. Southern blot analysis indicated that more than one copy of sequences homologous to LjC3H is present in the L. japonica genome. Heterologous expression of LjC3H cDNA in Escherichia coli allowed an in vitro assay of LjC3H to be performed. This experiment revealed that the enzyme favors p-coumaroylshikimate over p-coumaroylquinate as substrate. LjC3H transcript abundance was increased both by treatment of the leaves with methyl jasmonate and by exposure to UV-B radiation. The CGA levels in the leaves of L. japonica were positively correlated with LjC3H transcript abundance. (+info)
Stability and accuracy assessment of identification of traditional Chinese materia medica using DNA barcoding: a case study on Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.
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Triterpene glycosides from the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica.
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Five new triterpene glycosides, namely lonicerosides F-J (1-5), together with five known ones, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica. Based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional (2D)-NMR experiments, and the results of hydrolysis, the structures of the new compounds were determined to be 3beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyr anosyl ester (loniceroside F), 3beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-(3-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-bet a-D-glucopyranosyl ester (loniceroside G), 3beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-(4-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-bet a-D-glucopyranosyl ester (loniceroside H), 3beta-[(alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid O-(3-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-bet a-D-glucopyranosyl ester (loniceroside I), and 3beta-[(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-olean-12-en-28 -oic acid O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyra nosyl ester (loniceroside J). (+info)