A novel aromatic iodination method, with sodium periodate used as the only iodinating reagent.
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Benzene, halobenzenes and some deactivated arenes readily reacted in anhydrous NaIO4/AcOH/Ac2O/concd. H2SO4 mixtures to afford, after quenching with excess aqueous Na2SO3 solution (a reducing agent), purified iodinated products in 27-88% yields. This novel method of aromatic iodination is simple, fairly effective and environmentally safe. (+info)
Exponential growth of new chemicals and evolution of information relevant to risk control.
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The number of new chemicals synthesized and marketed increases exponentially. The database CAS REGISTRY at present contains more than 33 million organic and inorganic substances. However, the little information regarding the potential hazard associated with a large amount of chemicals is an old known problem in the European Union and also in the United States. This critical problem may find a solution in the collaboration of the different involved countries and in a planned task setting at international level. Both in the United States (e.g., the "Gore Initiative") and in European Union (the REACH policy) a big effort has been dedicated to this solution, within standardized procedures and an appropriate collaboration. (+info)
The ISS National Inventory of Chemical Substances (INSC).
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The INSC (Inventario Nazionale delle Sostanze Chimiche), a factual data bank, produced by Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), consists of an electronic tool on chemical information developed for routine and emergency purposes. Historical background, current status and future perspectives of INSC are discussed. The structure and the feature of INSC are briefly examined. Aspects of information retrieval and the criteria for inclusion of data and priority selection are also considered. (+info)
Advancement of flow-based analysis with alternative chemical reactions and new devices for environmental and biological samples.
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This review includes our researches and other methodologies related to flow-based techniques, such as flow injection analysis (FIA) and sequential injection analysis (SIA). The methods will demonstrate semi-and full automated FIA and SIA, including liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction. FIA using alternative chemical reactions in the aqueous solution was applied to the trace analysis of metals in biological and environmental samples. For durable liquid-liquid extraction, several phase separators were designed. Moreover, multi-channel FIA with newly designed flow cells and SIA with lab-on-valve devices have been used for the simultaneous and successive determination of metals and organic compounds. On-line solid phase extraction (SPE) has also been proposed for highly sensitive analysis of organic and inorganic compounds. (+info)
Pharmacological manipulation of gain-of-function and dominant-negative mechanisms in rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa.
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Geometric structure determination of N694C lipoxygenase: a comparative near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure study.
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